scholarly journals Antimicrobial Resistance in the Farm-To-Plate Continuum: More Than a Food Safety Issue

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luria Leslie Founou ◽  
Raspail Carrel Founou ◽  
Sabiha Yusuf Essack
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Food Safety ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Safety Issue ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Critical Element ◽  
Healthcare Outcomes ◽  
Health Security ◽  
Development Goals

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) threatens to reverse the essential benefits of antibiotics not only in humans, where decades of advancements in healthcare outcomes are endangered but also in the food production industry. The emergence of AMR in the pre- and post-harvest systems presents a serious risk of contamination or infection directly by antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) and genes (ARGs) for farmers, agricultural practitioners, abattoir workers, food handlers and their associated contacts as well as consumers at the end of the food chain. Any breach in the food safety barrier leading to the emergence and spread of ARB and ARGs has severe multi-sectorial implications and threatens to reverse decades of human and animal health improvements globally. As the world moves towards Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), food safety is a critical element to improve and strengthen global health, security and ensure sustainable development. This paper presents the challenge of AMR through the lens of food safety, by highlighting its multi-sectoral and multi-dimensional implications not only the SDG on food safety but also on food security, public health, animal health and welfare, the environment and climate and socio-economic development.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial resistance in the farm-to-plate continuum: more than a food safety issue

2021 ◽  
pp. FSO692
Author(s):  
Luria L Founou ◽  
Raspail C Founou ◽  
Sabiha Y Essack
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Food Safety ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
Safety Issue ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Critical Element ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Production Industry

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) threatens to reverse the essential benefits of antibiotics, not only in humans, where decades of advancements in healthcare outcomes are endangered, but also in the food production industry. As the world moves toward Sustainable Development Goals, food safety is a critical element to improve and strengthen global health, and ensure sustainable development. Emergence of AMR in the food production industry represents a serious risk for exposed workers, their relatives and consumers. This perspective presents the challenge of AMR through the lens of food safety, by highlighting its multisectoral and multidimensional implications not only on the Sustainable Development Goals for food safety and public health but also on food security, animal health and welfare, the environment and climate, and socioeconomic development.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial resistance of thermotolerant Campylobacter spp. as a food safety issue

2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 1321-1328
Author(s):  
J. Petrovic ◽  
I. Stojanov ◽  
D. Milanov ◽  
M. Kapetanov
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Safety Issue ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antimicrobial Drugs ◽  
Pig Carcasses ◽  
Campylobacter Spp

Antimicrobial resistance is a daunting public health threat impacting both human and animal health and it is a cause for concern wherever antimicrobial agents are in use. The usage of antimicrobial drugs in food producing animals could results in significant food safety issue - antimicrobial resistance among zoonotic bacteria in these animals. Resistance monitoring program still does not exist in Serbia, so we made a pilot program to screen the situation in our abattoirs. We found similar situation like the one in EU. The resistance to one or more antimicrobial drugs was found in 40.00% and 75.32% Campylobacter spp. strains isolated from poultry and pig carcasses, respectively. Fluoroquinolones are anitmicrobial drugs which, beside beta-lactams, are most often used in poultry breeding. Fluoroquinolones are also very important for treatment of some human diseases. We examined relationship between presence of fluoroquinolone resistant C. jejuni in poultry carcasses and fluoroquinolone treatment of poultry. Treatment with one of this antimicrobials - enrofloxacine selects resistant strains in chickens carcasses, C. jejuni strains resistant to enrofloxacine were isolated from all livers (100%) and 70% carcasses. The resistant bacteria may then be transmitted to humans through food supply and increase the risk of treatment failures. Resistant zoonotic pathogens in food have to be controlled through a complete, continuous farm-to-fork system.

scholarly journals Ceftiofur-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Heidelberg of poultry origin – a risk profile using the Codex framework

2019 ◽  
Vol 147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolee Carson ◽  
Xian-Zhi Li ◽  
Agnes Agunos ◽  
Daleen Loest ◽  
Brennan Chapman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Food Safety ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Safety Issue ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Risk Profile ◽  
Poultry Meat ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Management Options

Abstract Codex published the ‘Guidelines for Risk Analysis of Foodborne Antimicrobial Resistance’ to standardise the approach for evaluating risk posed by foodborne antimicrobial-resistant bacteria. One of the first steps in the guidelines is to compile a risk profile, which provides the current state of knowledge regarding a food safety issue, describes risk management options and recommends next steps. In Canada, ceftiofur/ceftriaxone-resistant Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Heidelberg from poultry was identified as an antimicrobial resistance (AMR) food safety issue. The first objective of this article was to contextualise this food safety issue, using the risk profile format of the Codex Guidelines. A second objective was to evaluate the applicability of the Codex Guidelines. This risk profile indicated that ceftiofur/ceftriaxone-resistant S. Heidelberg (CSH) was commonly isolated from poultry and was associated with severe disease in humans. Ceftiofur use in poultry hatcheries temporally mirrored the prevalence of CSH from poultry meat at retail and from people with salmonellosis. The evidence was sufficient to indicate the need for risk management options, such as restricting the use of ceftiofur in poultry. The Codex Guidelines provided a useful approach to summarise data for decision-makers to evaluate an AMR food safety issue.

From zero to zero in 100 years: gonococcal antimicrobial resistance

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica M Lahra ◽  
Jo-Anne R Dillon ◽  
CR Robert George ◽  
David A Lewis ◽  
Teodora E Wi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Ebola Virus ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Health Security ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Health Agenda

The threat of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in bacteria has been escalated to a rightful seat on the global health agenda. In September 2016, for only the fourth time in United Nations (UN) history, the UN General Assembly in New York will meet to focus on a health threat – antimicrobial resistance. Other diseases afforded this level of consultation at the UN were human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), non-communicable diseases and Ebola virus. There are grim predictions for the future in terms of AMR and health security that span income settings. These predictions challenge the premise that minor bacterial infections of childhood are innocuous, and threaten to halt the medical advancements dependant on antibiotic therapy. Those with compromised immune systems, whether endogenous or induced, will be at highest risk. The development and spread of AMR has been, and will continue to be, fanned by the relentless selection pressure of exposure to antibiotics whether used appropriately, unnecessarily or suboptimally, in human health, animal health and agriculture. The distribution of antibiotic resistant bacteria is facilitated by travel and transport. Antimicrobial resistance will affect those in the community and the hospital.

scholarly journals Antibiotic sensitivity and resistant pattern of bacteria isolated from table eggs of commercial layers considering food safety issue

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 323-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahfuzul Islam ◽  
Mirza Synthia Sabrin ◽  
Md Hazzaz Bin Kabir ◽  
Md Aftabuzzaman
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Safety Issue ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Pseudomonas Spp ◽  
Coagulase Positive Staphylococcus

The present study was carried out during the period of June 2016 to June 2017 to evaluate the antibiotic sensitivity and resistant pattern of bacteria isolated from table eggs of commercial layers considering food safety issue. A total of 200 egg samples (100 for egg shell surface and 100 for egg content) were collected from different retail markets of Dhaka city in sterile polythene bags in a view to prevent extraneous contamination and transported to the laboratory immediate after collection using icebox. The samples were inoculated onto nutrient broth and nutrient agar plates aerobically at 37°Cfor isolation. The isolated organisms were identified based on staining, motility, colony morphology and biochemical tests. The isolated bacteria were also subjected to characterize their antibiotic sensitivity. About 74% egg samples (148 out of 200 samples) were positive for microbial contamination. Among them 100 (100 %) samples had their shells contaminated with microbes of different genera; however, only 48 (48%) growths were observed from the egg contents. The major contaminants are Escherichia coli (34.64%), Coagulase positive Staphylococcus (24.29%), Salmonella spp. (20.71%) followed by Coagulase negative Staphylococcus (10%), Pseudomonas spp. (6.43%) and Bacillus spp. (3.93%). The isolated bacteria E. coli, Coagulase positive Staphylococcus, Salmonella spp. and Pseudomonas spp. showed their greatest sensitivity against ciprofloxacin, ceftriaxone and azithromycin whereas resistant against tetracycline, amoxicillin and ampicillin. There is potential for these antibiotic-resistant bacteria to be transferred to humans through contaminated eggs and are of public health concern from food safety point of view. Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. December 2018, 4(4): 323-329

Nuclear techniques for surveillance and monitoring of antimicrobial and antimicrobial resistance in soil and the environment

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Seidel ◽  
Lisa Göpfert ◽  
Martin Elsner ◽  
Ivonne Nijenhuis ◽  
Joseph Adu-Gyamfi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Isotope Analysis ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Widespread Application ◽  
Nuclear Techniques

<p>Antimicrobials (AM) play a critical role in the treatment of human and animal (aquatic and terrestrial) diseases, which has led to their widespread application and use. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is the ability of microorganisms (e.g. bacteria, viruses and some parasites) to stop an antibiotic, such as an antimicrobial, antiviral or antimalarial, from working against them. Globally, about 700 000 deaths per year arise from resistant infections as a result of the fact that antimicrobial drugs have become less effective at killing resistant pathogens. Antimicrobial chemicals that are present in environmental compartments can trigger the development of AMR. These chemicals can also cause antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) to further spread antibiotic resistance genes (ARG) because they may have an evolutionary advantage over non-resistant bacteria. Thus, AMR is a global threat to health, livelihoods and the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals, both in developing and developed countries. For some time now, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has been approached mainly from the human and animal health angles, however little is known about the impacts that AMR in the environment may have on health. A better understanding of how antimicrobial resistance moves from agricultural areas to the environment through soil and water is important if we are to develop guidance to managing it cost effectively. We examined the potential of nuclear techniques—the application of compound-specific stable isotope analysis (CSIA)—as a powerful tool to determine the source and fate of antibiotics in the environment and detect the degradation of antibiotics by transformation-induced isotopic effects. CSIA can be used to qualify and quantify in situ transformations. The latest methodological advances even allow the analysis of several elements (H, C, Cl, N) within a molecule This multi-element isotope information is used to elucidate in-situ transformation pathways and underlying reaction mechanisms.</p>

scholarly journals The Macrosecuritization of Antimicrobial Resistance in China

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas Thomas ◽  
Catherine Yuk-ping Lo
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Resource Competition ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Health Security ◽  
The Public ◽  
Infectious Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Agricultural Produce ◽  
Major Supplier

Abstract The global spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is an existential threat to humanity, one that has generated a macrosecuritizing response by states and international organizations. Since the turn of the century, China has been a source of numerous infectious disease outbreaks. It is also the origin of the MCR-1 gene, which confers resistance to colistin, a “last-line” antibiotic deployed against multidrug-resistant infections. With the largest population in the world, coupled with its status as a major supplier of agricultural produce, evaluating Chinese responses to AMR is critical to understanding the efficacy of the global response. Drawing on knowledge of both Chinese politics and health security, this article analyzes how Chinese actors have responded to the threat in the public and animal health sectors as well as the domestic and international implications of these responses. Based on interviews with key Chinese and international officials, scientists, and public health specialists, as well as farmers and consumers, we argue that the securitization of AMR in China is currently more concerned with domestic policy and resource competition than with addressing the existential health threat. Without a greater alignment of AMR strategies within China, macrosecuritizing efforts to address the threat globally cannot succeed.

scholarly journals Humanizing the Localizing Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in Education and Research at Higher Education Institutions (HEIs)

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Fadhil Md Din ◽  
Wahid Omar ◽  
Shazwin Taib ◽  
Shamsul Sarip ◽  
Santhana Krishnan
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
Higher Education Institutions ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Strategic Plan ◽  
Core Values ◽  
Critical Element ◽  
Development Goals

Preliminary actions taken by the Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM) towards the value-added from the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) framework that may relevant in the current indicators, elements, values and impacts, and the also constructive analysis by different sectors at High Educational Institutions (HEIs). Typically, the instrumentation on performances of each element (or indicator) in research and education portfolios are majorly defined as Key Performance Index (KPI) and/or Key Achievement/Amal Index (KAIs). All of instrumentations suitable at the vertical strategic plan to disseminate the workload across stakeholders in the HEIs. A strategic plan by each university will represent the core values and relevancy of niche area in academic and research sectors. However, UTM already is identifying the most critical element, far beyond the KPI/KAI successful story which focusses under the Pelan Global Universiti (PGU I-III) to outstanding values of inclusiveness, synergy and visibility with the important Desired State 2020. The UTM core values will serve Integrity, Synergy, Excellent and Sustainability (ISES) in all operation/services throughout trustworthy engagement with stakeholders. Meantime, the action plan for enVision 2025 institualized the pragmatic roadmaps align with the SDGs at the global benchmark, in order to horizontally manage the great grassroots improvement and further develop unique vision to UTM; named as UTMDNA. This paper describes the proactive strategic plan by UTM management to advocate the next roadmap altogether with high impact sustainable education and research works. Most of the concurrent achievement, action-plan and long-term Industrial Revolution 4.0 (IR 4.0) is emphasized in the life-balance strategy framework. The second wave (2020 - 2030) of SDGs in UTM is among the most recent thoughts towards the sustainability requirements specially to serve the UN SDG and enVision 2025 (UTM). Therefore, Malaysian higher education institutions should take proactive steps in culturing SDG initiatives – guided but not bounded by the specific measures set-out in the UN Conference

scholarly journals Twenty-year trends in antimicrobial resistance from aquaculture and fisheries in Asia

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Schar ◽  
Cheng Zhao ◽  
Yu Wang ◽  
D. G. Joakim Larsson ◽  
Marius Gilbert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Foodborne Pathogens ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
China And India ◽  
Aquatic Food ◽  
The Impact

AbstractAntimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a growing threat to human and animal health. However, in aquatic animals—the fastest growing food animal sector globally—AMR trends are seldom documented, particularly in Asia, which contributes two-thirds of global food fish production. Here, we present a systematic review and meta-analysis of 749 point prevalence surveys reporting antibiotic-resistant bacteria from aquatic food animals in Asia, extracted from 343 articles published in 2000–2019. We find concerning levels of resistance to medically important antimicrobials in foodborne pathogens. In aquaculture, the percentage of antimicrobial compounds per survey with resistance exceeding 50% (P50) plateaued at 33% [95% confidence interval (CI) 28 to 37%] between 2000 and 2018. In fisheries, P50 decreased from 52% [95% CI 39 to 65%] to 22% [95% CI 14 to 30%]. We map AMR at 10-kilometer resolution, finding resistance hotspots along Asia’s major river systems and coastal waters of China and India. Regions benefitting most from future surveillance efforts are eastern China and India. Scaling up surveillance to strengthen epidemiological evidence on AMR and inform aquaculture and fisheries interventions is needed to mitigate the impact of AMR globally.

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