scholarly journals A Study of the Effect of Fusion of Multi-Sensor and Cutting Chip Color on the Lifetime of Cutting Tool Coated with TiAlN

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shao Hsien Chen ◽  
Min-sheng Min-sheng Gao
Keyword(s):  
Prediction Error ◽  
Measurement Method ◽  
Cutting Tool ◽  
Indirect Measurement ◽  
Machining Process ◽  
Chip Surface ◽  
Signal Characteristic ◽  
Average Prediction Error ◽  
Characteristic Values ◽  
Direct Measurement Method

In the mold machining process, the cutting tool is worn with machining time, thereby affecting the surface accuracy, leading to poor workpiece dimensions, even fracture. At present, many studies have used multiple sensors to detect the machining conditions of cutting tool and workpiece, including indirect measurement method and direct measurement method. The indirect measurement method, which has been studied widely, mainly uses sensors to capture signals for subsequent data analysis; the direct measurement method mainly analyzes the state of cutting shear zone. Due to the cut-in of cutting tool in the machining process, the workpiece is dislocated rapidly, generating considerable amount of heat, which is transferred to the chips, inducing color change on the surface of chips. Many engineers with machining experience often judge the machining state and tool life according to the chips. The engineers' experience is digitized in this study, and indirect measuring sensors are used to predict the tool life, so as to attain the objective for smart manufacturing, the average percentage error of MAPE using single vibration and voltage eigenvalues as input features is 10%, the voltage signal characteristic values and vibration signal characteristic values are combined. Finally, the chip surface chromaticity eigenvalue is combined with signal characteristic value. The average prediction error of BP-LM method is 7.85%, the average prediction error of GRNN method is 6.59%. Therefore, when the eigenvalue of chip surface chromaticity is added to the prediction result, it can enhance the accuracy of cutting tool wear value prediction more effectively than single sensor signal characteristic value.

scholarly journals Measurement method for incisions ablated by femtosecond laser in biological soft tissues

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaowei Shen ◽  
Zhao wanqin ◽  
Haodong Liu ◽  
Ning Wang ◽  
Xu Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Femtosecond Laser ◽  
Direct Measurement ◽  
Measurement Method ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Indirect Measurement ◽  
Chicken Breast ◽  
High Measurement ◽  
Direct Measurement Method ◽  
Measurement Efficiency

Abstract BackgroundHematoxylin and Eosin staining in paraffin embedded tissue (H&E staining in paraffin embedded tissue) is a widely used method in the incision dimensions measurement. Since H&E staining in paraffin embedded tissue requires complicated process and spends a lot of time, a direct measurement method based on a microscope is proposed to measure the incision dimensions, which greatly improves the efficiency.AimIn this paper, a direct measurement method using optical microscope and an indirect measurement method based on H&E staining in paraffin embedded tissue are presented and compared, so as to obtain a better method of measurement efficiency and accuracy.ApproachThe femtosecond laser is used to process chicken breast tissue, the directly measurement method based on a microscope and indirectly measurement method based on H&E staining are used to measure dimensions. Moreover, the laser confocal microscopy measurement (LCM) is also used to measure the incision depth.ResultsIt was found that the direct measurement method has high measurement efficiency and accuracy for incision dimensions measurement.ConclusionsOverall, the incision dimensions obtained by femtosecond laser processing can be measured through the direct measurement method instead of H&E staining in paraffin embedded tissue.

scholarly journals DISSEMINATION METHOD FOR STANDARD METER RATIO USING TWO DC VOLTAGE STANDARD SOURCES

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 181
Author(s):  
Hadi Sardjono
Keyword(s):  
Direct Measurement ◽  
Measurement Method ◽  
Indirect Measurement ◽  
Standard Cell ◽  
Voltage Standard ◽  
Dc Voltage ◽  
Comparison Measurement ◽  
Cell Groups ◽  
Dissemination Process ◽  
Direct Measurement Method

<p class="04Het-Abstract">ABSTRACT</p><p class="04Het-Abstract"> </p><p class="04Het-Abstract">Since 2004, Research Center for Metrology – Indonesian Institute of Sciences (RCM – LIPI) has maintained the DC voltage standard traceability from 1.018 V up to 1000 V based on two standard source types, that work as secondary standards, namely standard cell groups and a multifunction calibrator. In this research, a new method was developed in maintaining the tertiary standard accuracy using a ratio meter. The accuracy of the standard meter ratio could be achieved by a dissemination process. This dissemination process was validated using an error number (En) through a comparison between two voltage standards obtained from indirect measurement method and direct measurement method. The result showed that the standard meter ratio validated on 3 ranges of comparison measurement namely 1.018:1.018, 1.018:10, and 1.018:100 gave En values of 0.87, 0.05, and -0.041 respectively.</p>

Applied Technology with Methods for Measuring Sulfur Blank Values by Using Infrared Absorption Method

2014 ◽  
Vol 977 ◽  
pp. 141-145
Author(s):  
Kuo Hsiang Tang ◽  
Hong Ling He
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Direct Measurement ◽  
Infrared Absorption ◽  
Measurement Method ◽  
Indirect Measurement ◽  
Absorption Method ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Applied Technology ◽  
Direct Measurement Method ◽  
The Impact

Currently, there are three major methods for infrared carbon-sulfur analyzer to measure blank values. This paper discusses the advantages and disadvantages of the three methods by using the measured test data from specific tests, and finally makes a conclusion that, the Cycle Measurement of Sulfur Blank Value (CMSBV) created by JIANHUAN WEI is the most effective method. Entering this sulfur blank value into analyser, the automatic deduction of blank values will be performed. As a result, the impact of the blank value on sulfur measurement can be eliminated. Key words: Sulfur blank value, direct measurement method, indirect measurement method, The Cycle Measurement of Sulfur Blank Value (CMSBV)

scholarly journals A Novel Finite Element Method Approach in the Modelling of Edge Trimming of CFRP Laminates

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 4743
Author(s):  
Fernando Cepero-Mejias ◽  
Nicolas Duboust ◽  
Vaibhav A. Phadnis ◽  
Kevin Kerrigan ◽  
Jose L. Curiel-Sosa
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Tool Wear ◽  
Cutting Tool ◽  
Machining Process ◽  
Machining Forces ◽  
General Terms ◽  
Numerical Predictions ◽  
Composite Damage ◽  
Edge Trimming ◽  
Optimal Cutting Parameters

Nowadays, the development of robust finite element models is vital to research cost-effectively the optimal cutting parameters of a composite machining process. However, various factors, such as the high computational cost or the complicated nature of the interaction between the workpiece and the cutting tool significantly hinder the modelling of these types of processes. For these reasons, the numerical study of common machining operations, especially in composite machining, is still minimal. This paper presents a novel approach comprising a mixed multidirectional composite damage mode with composite edge trimming operation. An ingenious finite element framework which infer the cutting edge tool wear assessing the incremental change of the machining forces is developed. This information is essential to replace tool inserts before the tool wear could cause severe damage in the machined parts. Two unidirectional carbon fibre specimens with fibre orientations of 45∘ and 90∘ manufactured by pre-preg layup and cured in an autoclave were tested. Excellent machining force predictions were obtained with errors below 10% from the experimental trials. A consistent 2D FE composite damage model previously performed in composite machining was implemented to mimic the material failure during the machining process. The simulation of the spring back effect was shown to notably increase the accuracy of the numerical predictions in comparison to similar investigations. Global cutting forces simulated were analysed together with the cutting tool tooth forces to extract interesting conclusions regarding the forces received by the spindle axis and the cutting tool tooth, respectively. In general terms, vertical and normal forces steadily increase with tool wear, while tangential to the cutting tool, tooth and horizontal machining forces do not undergo a notable variation.

Surface Roughness and Cutting Force Components Evaluation in Hard Turning by Differently Shaped Cutting Tools

2016 ◽  
Vol 862 ◽  
pp. 26-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michaela Samardžiová
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Cutting Force ◽  
Hard Turning ◽  
Cutting Tool ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Machining Process ◽  
Tool Geometry ◽  
Machined Surface ◽  
Cutting Force Components ◽  
Force Components

There is a difference in machining by the cutting tool with defined geometry and undefined geometry. That is one of the reasons of implementation of hard turning into the machining process. In current manufacturing processes is hard turning many times used as a fine finish operation. It has many advantages – machining by single point cutting tool, high productivity, flexibility, ability to produce parts with complex shapes at one clamping. Very important is to solve machined surface quality. There is a possibility to use wiper geometry in hard turning process to achieve 3 – 4 times lower surface roughness values. Cutting parameters influence cutting process as well as cutting tool geometry. It is necessary to take into consideration cutting force components as well. Issue of the use of wiper geometry has been still insufficiently researched.

Holes Machining Process Optimization with Genetic Algorithm

2011 ◽  
Vol 460-461 ◽  
pp. 117-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guang Yu Zhu ◽  
Lian Fang Chen
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Cutting Tool ◽  
Machining Process ◽  
Processing Route ◽  
Optimal Route ◽  
Optimal Processing ◽  
Global Optimal ◽  
Level Method ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
Changing Times

In this paper, a multi-level method has been adopted to optimize the holes machining process with genetic algorithm (GA). Based on the analyzing of the features of the part with multi-holes, the local optimal processing route for the holes with the same processing feature is obtained with GA, then try to obtain the global optimal route with GA by considering the obtained local optimal route and the holes with different features. That is what the multi-level method means. The optimal route means the minimum moving length of the cutting tool and the minimum changing times of the cutting tool. The experiment is carried out to verify the algorithm and the proposed method, and result indicates that with GA and using the multi-level method the optimal holes machining route can be achieved efficiently.

scholarly journals Dimension Analysis-Based Model for Prediction of Shale Compressive Strength

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiangyu Fan ◽  
Fenglin Xu ◽  
Lin Chen ◽  
Qiao Chen ◽  
Zhiwei Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Regression Model ◽  
Nonlinear Regression ◽  
Prediction Error ◽  
Diameter Ratio ◽  
Nonlinear Regression Model ◽  
Average Prediction Error ◽  
Model Average ◽  
Dimension Analysis ◽  
Longmaxi Shale

The compressive strength of shale is a comprehensive index for evaluating the shale strength, which is linked to shale well borehole stability. Based on correlation analysis between factors (confining stress, height/diameter ratio, bedding angle, and porosity) and shale compressive strength (Longmaxi Shale in Sichuan Basin, China), we develop a dimension analysis-based model for prediction of shale compressive strength. A nonlinear-regression model is used for comparison. A multitraining method is used to achieve reliability of model prediction. The results show that, compared to a multi-nonlinear-regression model (average prediction error = 19.5%), the average prediction error of the dimension analysis-based model is 19.2%. More importantly, our dimension analysis-based model needs to determine only one parameter, whereas the multi-nonlinear-regression model needs to determine five. In addition, sensitivity analysis shows that height/diameter ratio has greater sensitivity to compressive strength than other factors.

Thickness Indirect Measurement Method for Direct Pulling Pilot Cold Rolling Mill

2011 ◽  
Vol 189-193 ◽  
pp. 2670-2674
Author(s):  
Zhi Jie Jiao ◽  
Chun Yu He ◽  
Jian Ping Li ◽  
Xiang Hua Liu
Keyword(s):  
Cold Rolling ◽  
Rolling Mill ◽  
Measurement Method ◽  
Rolling Process ◽  
Indirect Measurement ◽  
Cold Rolling Mill ◽  
Movement Data ◽  
Program Flow ◽  
New Type ◽  
Exit Speed

Pilot cold rolling mill is the important tool for the cold rolling process researching and new steel grade development. According to the design of the new type direct pulling pilot cold rolling mill, based on the mass flow constant principle, strip exit thickness indirect measurement method is studied. During rolling, strip entry and exit speed can be calculated accurately according to the measured value of two sides’ clamps movement. Data filtering treatment is adopted and program flow chart is designed. Based on the material entry thickness measured manually, exit thickness of all passes can be measured indirectly. This thickness indirect measurement method has been applied successfully on the new type pilot cold rolling mill, and the measurement results show that this method has a good accuracy.

Wear of Coated Cutting Tool Based on AdvantEdge

2014 ◽  
Vol 551 ◽  
pp. 221-227
Author(s):  
Zhi Qiang Zhang ◽  
Tie Qiang Gang ◽  
Yi Kai Yi
Keyword(s):  
Wear Rate ◽  
Coating Thickness ◽  
Cutting Tool ◽  
Cutting Tools ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Machining Process ◽  
Sliding Velocity ◽  
Coating Materials ◽  
Element Simulation ◽  
Coated Tool

In this paper, based on finite element simulation software AdvantEdge, the effects of different coating materials and thickness on the wear of cutting tools during the machining process have been studied. For the tools with coating materials of TiAlN, Al2O3, TiN, TiC, we can calculate the wear rate according to the Usui mathematical model of tool wear, and then consider thickness factor of TiC coating. Because of the lowest thermal conductivity, the workpiece cut by TiC coated tool will soften first and more over cutting time, it result in the lowest wear rate. And with the increase of coating thickness, the effect of "thermal barrier" is more obvious for the relatively thicker coating tool, but the relative sliding velocity between the chip and tool is increasing meanwhile, so a suitable coating thickness is necessary.

Current Progresses of Laser Assisted Machining of Aerospace Materials for Enhancing Tool Life

2013 ◽  
Vol 690-693 ◽  
pp. 3359-3364
Author(s):  
Shou Jin Sun ◽  
Milan Brandt ◽  
John P.T. Mo
Keyword(s):  
Tool Life ◽  
Cutting Tool ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Aerospace Industry ◽  
Cutting Temperature ◽  
Machining Process ◽  
Metallic Materials ◽  
Aerospace Materials ◽  
Beam Position ◽  
Laser Assisted Machining

A higher strength and heat resistance are increasingly demanded from the advanced engineering materials with high temperature applications in the aerospace industry. These properties make machining these materials very difficult because of the high cutting forces, cutting temperature and short tool life present. Laser assisted machining uses a laser beam to heat and soften the workpiece locally in front of the cutting tool. The temperature rise at the shear zone reduces the yield strength and work hardening of the workpiece, which make the plastic deformation of the hard-to-machine materials easier during machining. The state-of-the-art, benefits and challenges in laser assisted machining of metallic materials are summarized in this paper, and the improvement of tool life is discussed in relation to laser power, beam position and machining process parameters.

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