scholarly journals Total Aseptization of Boar Semen, to Increase the Biosecurity of Reproduction in Swine

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ștefan Ciornei ◽  
Dan Drugociu ◽  
Liliana Margareta Ciornei ◽  
Mihai Mareș ◽  
Roșca Petru
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Shelf Life ◽  
Candida Parapsilosis ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Microbiological Profile ◽  
Fungal Load ◽  
Pig Farms ◽  
Boar Semen ◽  
Fresh Semen

The aim of the study is to establish the complete microbiological profile of boar semen and to choose the most effective antiseptic measures in order to control and optimize AI reproduction in pigs. More than one hundred semen samples were collected and analyzed from several pig farms. The microbiological profile of ejaculates was determined by determining the degree of con-tamination of fresh semen and after dilution with specific extenders. The bacterial and fungal load of fresh boar semen recorded an average value of 82.41/0.149x103CFU/mL, while after diluting the ejaculates the contamination value was 0.354/0.140 x103CFU/mL. 23 bacterial and fungal species were isolated, the most common being Candida parapsilosis/sake (92%), Escherichia coli (81.2%). Modification of the sperm collection protocol (HPBC) reduced contamination in raw sperm (by 49.85% in bacteria and by 9.67% in fungi). The load in bacteria and filamentous fungi can be con-trollable, but not in levuras fungi. In some Fluconazole-added extenders (12.5mg%), ensures the solution of this problem, and even increase in sperm progressivity (8.39%) for at least a 12-hour shelf life after dilution. The validation of the experiment was done by obtaining the sow fertility rate after AI.

scholarly journals Total Aseptization of Boar Semen, to Increase the Biosecurity of Reproduction in Swine

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (20) ◽  
pp. 6183
Author(s):  
Ștefan Ciornei ◽  
Dan Drugociu ◽  
Liliana Margareta Ciornei ◽  
Mihai Mareș ◽  
Petru Roşca
Keyword(s):  
Candida Parapsilosis ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Degree Of Contamination ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Microbiological Profile ◽  
Fungal Load ◽  
Pig Farms ◽  
Sus Scrofa Domesticus ◽  
Boar Semen ◽  
Fresh Semen

The aim of the study was to establish the complete microbiological profile of boar semen (Sus scrofa domesticus) and to choose the most effective antiseptic measures in order to control and optimize AI reproduction in pig farms. One hundred and one semen samples were collected and analyzed from several pig farms. The microbiological profile of ejaculates was determined by evaluating the degree of contamination of fresh semen and after dilution with specific extenders. The bacterial and fungal load of fresh boar semen recorded an average value of 82.41/0.149 × 103 CFU/mL, while after diluting the ejaculates the contamination value was 0.354/0.140 × 103 CFU/mL. Twenty-four germs (15 bacterial and 9 fungal species) were isolated, the most common being Candida parapsilosis/sake (92%) and Escherichia coli (81.2%). Modification of the sperm collection protocol (HPBC) reduced contamination in raw sperm by 49.85% in bacteria (significant (p < 0.00001) and by 9.67% in fungi (non-significant (p < 0.111491). The load in bacteria and filamentous fungi can be controllable, but not in levuras fungi. Some fluconazole-added extenders (12.5 mg%), ensure fungal aseptization, and even an increase in sperm progressivity (8.39%) for at least a 12 h shelf life after dilution. Validation of sperm aseptization was done by maintaining sow fecundity unchanged after AI (insignificant p > 0.05).

scholarly journals The Effect of Long Shelf Life of Duroc Pig Male Semen Diluted Using Tris-Egg Yolk-Young Coconut Water on The Value of Viability, Abnormality and pH

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 108-120
Author(s):  
Fransiska Luruk Berek ◽  
Agustinus Agung Dethan ◽  
Paulus Klau Tahuk
Keyword(s):  
Shelf Life ◽  
Egg Yolk ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Coconut Water ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Boar Semen ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Fresh Semen

This study aims to determine the effect of shelf life of duroc boar semen which was diluted using tris-egg yolk-coconut water thinner on the value of viability, abnormality, and acidity (pH). The semen used is in the form of fresh semen from 2-year-old duroc pigs. Semen was collected by a manual method using artificial broodstock. This research was conducted in November 2020 using an experimental method according to the Completely Randomized Design (CRD) procedure with 4 treatments and 4 replications so that there were 16 experimental units. Each treatment is P0: storage of semen for 0 hours, P1: storage of semen for 24 hours, P2: storage of semen for 36 hours, P3: storage of semen for 48 hours. The results showed that the use of tris-egg yolk-coconut water diluent had a significant effect (P <0.05) on viability, abnormality, and degree of acidity (pH). The mean value of spermatozoa viability was P0: 96%, P1: 93.75%, P2: 84.5%, and treatment P3: 79.5%. The mean value of spermatozoa abnormality in treatment P0: 5.25%, P1: 6.5%, P2: 11.25%, and treatment P3: 14.75%. The average value of the degree of acidity (pH) of semen P0: 8.3 P1: 7.2; P2 7,3 and P3 treatment: 7,25. It can be concluded that the dilution of semen using tris-egg yolk and coconut water can maintain the value of viability, abnormalities of spermatozoa, and degree of acidity (pH).  

Irradiation D-Values for Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella sp. on Inoculated Broccoli Seeds and Effects of Irradiation on Broccoli Sprout Keeping Quality and Seed Viability†

2003 ◽  
Vol 66 (5) ◽  
pp. 760-766 ◽  
Author(s):  
KATHLEEN T. RAJKOWSKI ◽  
GLEN BOYD ◽  
DONALD W. THAYER
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Shelf Life ◽  
Dose Level ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Yield Ratio ◽  
Escherichia Coli O157 ◽  
Broccoli Sprouts ◽  
Sprout Length ◽  
D Values ◽  
Irradiation Process

Like alfalfa sprouts, broccoli sprouts can be a vehicle for bacterial pathogens, which can cause illness when they are consumed. The gamma irradiation process was used to reduce numbers of bacterial pathogens on broccoli sprouts and seeds, and the effect of this process on the seeds was studied. The irradiation destruct values for Salmonella sp. and for strains of Escherichia coli O157:H7 inoculated on broccoli seeds were determined. Results obtained in this study indicate that a dose of 2 kGy reduced total background counts for broccoli sprouts from 106 to 107 CFU/g to 104 to 105 CFU/g and increased the shelf life of the sprouts by 10 days. Yield ratio (wt/wt), germination percentage, sprout length, and thickness were measured to determine the effects of various irradiation doses on the broccoli seeds. Results show a decreased germination percentage at a dose level of 4 kGy, whereas the yield ratio (wt/wt), sprout length, and thickness decreased at the 2-kGy dose level. The radiation doses required to inactivate Salmonella sp. and strains of E. coli O157:H7 were higher than previously reported values. D-values, dose required for a 1-log reduction, for the nonvegetable and vegetable Salmonella sp. isolates were 0.74 and 1.10 kGy, respectively. The values for the nonvegetable and vegetable isolated strains of Escherichia coli O157:H7 were 1.43 and 1.11 kGy, respectively. With the irradiation process, a dose of up to 2 kGy can extend the shelf life of broccoli sprouts. A dose of &gt;2 kGy would have an adverse effect on the broccoli seed and decrease the yield of broccoli sprouts.

scholarly journals UJI DAYA HAMBAT EKSTRAK DAN FRAKSI SPONS Aaptos Aaptos TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, dan Candida albicans

PHARMACON ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 168
Author(s):  
Sitti N Tunggali ◽  
Herny E. I. Simbala ◽  
Henki Rotinsulu
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Microbial Growth ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Chloroform Fraction ◽  
Marine Biota ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Average Value

ABSTRACT Sponge Aaptos aaptos is a marine biota that has great potential, which can be applied, in the pharmaceutical field because of the presence of large compounds in inhibiting microbial growth. This study aims to determine the inhibitory activity of extracts and fractions of sponge Aaptos aaptos on microbial growth of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans. The samples were extracted by maceration with 96 % ethanol and fractioned with n-hexane, choloroform and methanol. Testing is done using the Disc Diffusion Agar method. Crude ethanol extract and fraction of sponge Aaptos aaptos showed the greatest antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and categorized as strong, with an average value of 20.32 mm for ethanol extract with strong categories, chloroform fraction 13,28 mm with medium category and methanol fractions 18,48 mm strong category. Keyword: Aaptos aaptos, antimicrobial activity, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans.  ABSTRAK Spons Aaptos aaptos merupakan biota laut yang memiliki potensi sebagai antimikroba yang dapat diterapkan di bidang farmasi dengan kandungan senyawa yang besar dalam menghambat pertumbuhan mikroba. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas daya hambat dari ekstrak dan fraksi spons Aaptos aaptos terhadap pertumbuhan mikroba Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, dan Candida albicans. Sampel diekstraksi secara maserasi dengan etanol dan difraksinasi dengan pelarut n–heksan, kloroform dan metanol. Pengujian dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode Disc Diffusion Agar. Ekstrak kasar etanol dan fraksi dari Spons Aaptos aaptos menunjukkan aktivitas antimikroba paling besar terhadap Staphylococcus aureus dan dikategorikan kuat, dengan nilai rata – rata 20,32 mm untuk ekstrak etanol dengan kategori kuat, fraksi kloroform 13,28 mm, kategori sedang dan fraksi metanol 18,48 mm kategori kuat.Kata Kunci : Aaptos aaptos, aktivitas antimikroba, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans

scholarly journals Copper(II) and Zinc(II) Complexes Derived from N,N’-Bis(4-bromosalicylidene)propane-1,3-diamine: Syntheses, Crystal Structures and Antimicrobial Activity

2021 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-108
Author(s):  
Yu-Mei Hao
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Candida Parapsilosis ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Deprotonated Form ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Square Planar ◽  
Vis Spectroscopy ◽  
Elemental Analyses

A mononuclear copper(II) complex, [CuL] (1), and a phenolato-bridged trinuclear zinc(II) complex, [Zn3Cl2L2(DMF)2] (2), where L is the deprotonated form of N,N’-bis(4-bromosalicylidene)propane-1,3-diamine (H2L), have been prepared and characterized by elemental analyses, IR and UV-Vis spectroscopy, and single crystal X-ray diffraction. The Cu atom in complex 1 is in square planar coordination, while the terminal and central Zn atoms in complex 2 are in square pyramidal and octahedral coordination, respectively. The antibacterial activities of the complexes have been tested on the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, and the yeast Candida parapsilosis.

scholarly journals The anthocyanin pigment extract from red rose as antibacterial agent

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 184-187
Author(s):  
Elfi Anis Saati ◽  
Annisa Dyah Pusparini ◽  
Mochammad Wachid ◽  
Sri Winarsih
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Solvent Extraction ◽  
Shelf Life ◽  
Antibacterial Agent ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Pseudomonas Sp ◽  
Anthocyanin Pigment ◽  
Extraction Solvent ◽  
Pigment Extract

Red rose consisting of anthocyanin pigment has been used as an antibacterial agent. However, there is no study on the anthocyanin pigment extract from red rose as the antibacterial agent. The effectiveness of the antibacterial agent can be affected by the solvent extraction and the flower shelf life. Here, we report the effects of solvent extraction and red rose (Rosa sp.) shelf life on the antibacterial activity. Red rose concentrated extraction and randomized complete block design factorial was carefully used with factors of long display and solvent extraction. The extraction solvent (P) comprised of water, ethanol, and mixture of water-ethanol (1 : 1), while the red rose shelf life (M) consisted of 0, 2, 4 and 6 days. Moreover, pH, antioxidant activity and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) with four variations of concentrated concentration (100%, 50%, 25% and 12.5%) on Escherichia coli, Salmonella thypi, and Pseudomonas sp. were analyzed. After two days of shelf life using water as the solvent for extraction, the antioxidant activity achieved 79% at pH of 2.5. It was also demonstrated that it was able to kill all the investigated bacterias, which were Escherichia coli, Salmonella thypi, and Pseudomonas sp. with concentrated concentrations of 100%, 50% and 25%. When the concentrated concentration was 12.5%, the MBC value was constantly found to be 1.39 × 108 cfu/g for Escherichia coli and 9.53 × 107 cfu/g for Salmonella thypi.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles and Characterization of Escherichia coli Strains from Cases of Neonatal Diarrhea in Spanish Pig Farms

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 48
Author(s):  
Anna Vidal ◽  
Laia Aguirre ◽  
Chiara Seminati ◽  
Montse Tello ◽  
Noelia Redondo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Phenotypic Analysis ◽  
Low Frequencies ◽  
Neonatal Diarrhea ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Pig Farms ◽  
Diagnostic Approaches ◽  
Low Prevalence

Escherichia coli is considered one of the most common agents associated with neonatal diarrhea in piglets. The aim of this work was to characterize the pathogenic and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) profiles of 122 E. coli strains isolated from pigs suffering diarrhea (n = 94) and pigs without diarrhea (n = 28) of 24 farms in Spain. Virulence factors, toxins and AMR (ESBL and colistin) genes and AMR phenotypes of E. coli isolates were analyzed. Low prevalence of pathogenic E. coli strains (26%) was found in both groups. However, ETEC and VTEC strains were more frequently isolated from diarrheic piglets. Irrespectively of diarrhea occurrence, 97.5% of the strains showed a multidrug-resistance (MDR) profile to aminopenicillins, sulfonamides and tetracyclines. It was found that 22% of E. coli was CTX-M+, with CTX-M-14 being the principal allelic variant. Remarkably, 81.5% of CTX-M+ strains were isolated from diarrheic animals and presented an extended MDR profile to aminopenicillins, quinolones and aminoglycosides. Finally, low frequencies of colistin resistance genes mcr-1 (4/122) and mcr-4 (1/122) were found. MDR E. coli strains are circulating in pig farms of Spain, representing a serious threat to animal and public health. More appropriate diagnostic approaches (genetic and AMR phenotypic analysis) should be implemented in animal health to optimize antibiotic treatments.

Season and Species: Two Possible Hurdles for Reducing the Food Safety Risk of Escherichia coli O157 Contamination of Leafy Vegetables

2019 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
KARIN SÖDERQVIST ◽  
ANNA KARIN ROSBERG ◽  
SOFIA BOQVIST ◽  
BEATRIX ALSANIUS ◽  
LARS MOGREN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Food Safety ◽  
Shelf Life ◽  
Spinacia Oleracea ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Production Chain ◽  
Safety Risk ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Food Safety Risk

ABSTRACT The food safety risk of Shiga toxin–producing Escherichia coli (STEC) infection per serving of leafy vegetables was investigated using a quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) approach. The estimated level of E. coli O157 contamination was based on observed numbers of Enterobacteriaceae and E. coli on leafy vegetables grown and processed in southern Sweden from 2014 to 2016. Samples were collected before harvest, after washing, and at the end of shelf life. The observed counts were combined with data on the ratio of E. coli to E. coli O157 taken from earlier studies to estimate the probability of illness. The risks of STEC infection associated with species, either spinach (Spinacia oleracea) or rocket (Diplotaxis tenuifolia), growing season (spring or autumn), and washing (washed or not washed) were then evaluated. The results indicated that leafy vegetable species and growing season could be possible hurdles for reducing the food safety risk of STEC infection. At harvest, the probability of infection was 87% lower when consuming rocket compared with spinach and 90% lower when consuming leafy vegetables grown in spring compared with autumn. These relative risk reductions remained consistent even with other serving sizes and dose-response models. The lowest risk of STEC infection was associated with leafy vegetables early in the production chain, i.e., before harvest, while the risk increased during storage and processing. Consequently, the highest risk was observed when leafy vegetables were consumed at the end of shelf life. Washing had no effect on the food safety risk of STEC infection in this study. To improve the quality of QMRA, there is a need for additional data on the relationship between indicator organisms that can be easily enumerated (e.g., E. coli and Enterobacteriaceae) and E. coli strains that can cause STEC infection (e.g., E. coli O157) but are difficult to identify in food samples such as leafy vegetables.

scholarly journals Intranasal Vaccine Using P10 Peptide Complexed within Chitosan Polymeric Nanoparticles as Experimental Therapy for Paracoccidioidomycosis in Murine Model

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 160
Author(s):  
Samuel Rodrigues Dos Santos Junior ◽  
Francenya Kelley Lopes da Silva ◽  
Lucas Santos Dias ◽  
Ana Camila Oliveira Souza ◽  
Marcelo Valdemir de Araujo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymeric Nanoparticles ◽  
Paracoccidioides Brasiliensis ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Experimental Therapy ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Biological Applications ◽  
Dispersion Index ◽  
Fungal Load ◽  
Intranasal Vaccine

Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is a granulomatous fungal disease caused by the dimorphic fungal species of Paracoccidioides, which mainly affects the lungs. Modern strategies for the treatment and/or prevention of PCM are based on a Th1-type immune response, which is important for controlling the disease. One of the most studied candidates for a vaccine is the P10 peptide, derived from the 43 kDa glycoprotein of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis. In order to improve its immune modulatory effect, the P10 peptide was associated with a chitosan-conjugated nanoparticle. The nanoparticles presented 220 nm medium size, poly dispersion index (PDI) below 0.5, zeta potential of +20 mV and encapsulation efficiency around 90%. The nanoparticles’ non-toxicity was verified by hemolytic test and cell viability using murine macrophages. The nanoparticles were stable and presented physicochemical characteristics desirable for biological applications, reducing the fungal load and the usual standard concentration of the peptide from 4 to 20 times.

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