Antioxidant, Antibacterial and Dyeing Potential of Crude Pigment Extract of Gonatophragmium triuniae and Its Chemical Characterization

Filamentous fungi synthesize natural products as an ecological function. In this study, an interesting indigenous fungus producing orange pigment exogenously was investigated in detail as it possesses additional attributes along with colouring properties. An interesting fungus was isolated from a dicot plant, Maytenus rothiana. After a detailed study, the fungal isolate turned out to be a species of Gonatophragmium belonging to the family Acrospermaceae. Based on the morphological, cultural, and sequence-based phylogenetic analysis, the identity of this fungus was confirmed as Gonatophragmium triuniae. Although this fungus grows moderately, it produces good amounts of pigment on an agar medium. The fermented crude extract isolated from G. triuniae has shown antioxidant activity with an IC50 value of 0.99 mg/mL and antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria (with MIC of 3.91 μg/mL against Bacillus subtilis, and 15.6 μg/mL and 31.25 μg/mL for Staphylococcus aureus and Micrococcus luteus, respectively). Dyeing of cotton fabric mordanted with FeSO4 using crude pigment was found to be satisfactory based on visual observation, suggesting its possible use in the textile industry. The orange pigment was purified from the crude extract by preparative HP-TLC. In addition, UV-Vis, FTIR, HRMS and NMR (1H NMR, 13C NMR), COSY, and DEPT analyses revealed the orange pigment to be “1,2-dimethoxy-3H-phenoxazin-3-one” (C14H11NO4, m/z 257). To our understanding, the present study is the first comprehensive report on Gonatophragmium triuniae as a potential pigment producer, reporting “1,2-dimethoxy-3H-phenoxazin-3-one” as the main pigment from the crude hexane extract. Moreover, this is the first study reporting antioxidant, antibacterial, and dyeing potential of crude extract of G. triuniae, suggesting possible potential applications of pigments and other bioactive secondary metabolites of the G. triuniae in textile and pharmaceutical industry.

Carotenoid Cocktail Produced by An Antarctic Soil Flavobacterium with Biotechnological Potential

Carotenoids are highly important in pigmentation, and its content in farmed crustaceans and fish correlates to their market value. These pigments also have a nutritional role in aquaculture where they are routinely added as a marine animal food supplement to ensure fish development and health. However, there is little information about carotenoids obtained from Antarctic bacteria and its use for pigmentation improvement and flesh quality in aquaculture. This study identified carotenoids produced by Antarctic soil bacteria. The pigmented strain (CN7) was isolated on modified Luria–Bertani (LB) media and incubated at 4 °C. This Gram-negative bacillus was identified by 16S rRNA analysis as Flavobacterium segetis. Pigment extract characterization was performed through high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and identification with liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS). HPLC analyses revealed that this bacterium produces several pigments in the carotenoid absorption range (six peaks). LC–MS confirms the presence of one main peak corresponding to lutein or zeaxanthin (an isomer of lutein) and several other carotenoid pigments and intermediaries in a lower quantity. Therefore, we propose CN7 strain as an alternative model to produce beneficial carotenoid pigments with potential nutritional applications in aquaculture.

Methanol pigment extracts derived from two marine actinomycetes exhibit antibacterial and antioxidant activities

Mesrian DK, Purwaningtyas WE, Astuti RI, Hasan AEZ, Wahyudi AT. 2021. Methanol pigment extracts derived from two marine actinomycetes exhibit antibacterial and antioxidant activities. Biodiversitas 22: 4440-4447. In recent years, natural pigments produced by marine microorganisms, especially actinomycetes, have become an important source of medically valuable drugs and other active compounds. Based on that crucial fact, this study aimed to determine the toxicity, antimicrobial, and antioxidant activities of methanolic pigment extract derived from marine actinomycetes HV11.P3 and SCA54.P2. Both extracts exhibited high toxicity activity based on Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT). The results showed the lethal concentration 50% (LC50) values of actinomycetes HV11.P3 and SCA54.P2 pigment crude extracts were 94.60 µg/mL and 131.22 mg/mL, respectively. The antimicrobial activity of those extracts was also tested against several microbes and showed the best results for inhibiting against Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli. Furthermore, we assessed the antioxidant activity using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals and the results showed the inhibitory concentration 50% (IC50) values ??of actinomycetes HV11.P3 and SCA54.P2 pigment crude extracts were 231.08 µg/mL and 369.3 µg/mL, respectively. By using GC-MS analysis, we identified chemical compounds of actinomycete pigment crude extracts, revealing that the most dominant compounds were 1H-Purine-2,6-dione, 3,7-dihydro-1,3,7-trimethyl- (CAS) (44.65%) for HV11.P3 and 5-Methoxypyrrolidin-2-one (30.23%) for SCA54.P2. The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that actinomycete HV11.P3 and actinomycete SCA54.P2 had the closest similarity to Micromonospora chalcea strain 1464-217L and Micromonospora tulbaghiae strain TVU1, respectively. This study revealed that two pigment crude extracts derived from actinimycetes HV11.P3 and SVA54.P2 had antibacterial, antioxidant, and toxicity activities. The actinomycete SCA54.P2 pigment crude extract had the best activity as an antibacterial against E. coli ATCC 8739, while actnomycete HV11.P3 pigment crude extract had the best activity as an antioxidant.

Analysis Of Types Of Carotenoid Pigments In Crab Sesarmops sp From Manado By Coast

Carotenoid pigments are a group of pigments that are yellow, orange, and red-orange in color. Pigments are natural dyes found in plants and animals, extracts of carotenoid pigments can be separated by chromatographic methods where the common chromatographic methods in determining the type of pigment are Column Chromatography (CC) and Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC). The purpose of this study was to determine the types of pigments contained in the carapace extract of the male crab Sesarmops sp. The Sesarmops sp crab has a brown dorsal carapace with blackish-brown leg spots known as mangrove crabs. Crabs in the Sesarmidae family have a carapace formation and wide legs, do not have swimming legs, and have a pair of claws that are faded purple, the presence of these colors can be identified as containing carotenoid pigments. The results of this study obtained the content of carotenoid pigment 25.2 g/gr and the value of the concentration of carotenoid pigment in the male crab extract Sesarmops sp 10.99 g. The results of the separation of the total pigment extract using column chromatography obtained the types of pigments -carotene, Ekinenon, Zeaxanthin, and Astaxanthin. Keywords: Column Chromatography (CC); Carotenoids; Sesarmops sp AbstrakPigmen karotenoid adalah sekelompok pigmen yang berwarna kuning, oranye dan merah oranye. Pigmen adalah zat warna alami yang terdapat pada tumbuhan dan hewan, ekstrak pigmen karotenoid dapat dipisahkan dengan metode kromatografi yang dimana metode kromatografi umum dalam menentukan jenis pigmen adalah Kromatografi Kolom (KK) dan Kromatografi Lapis Tipis (KLT). Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui jenis-jenis pigmen apa saja yang terdapar pada ekstrak karapas kepiting jantan Sesarmops sp. Kepiting Sesarmops sp memiliki karapas dorsal bewarna coklat dengan bintik kaki coklat kehitaman yang dikenal sebagai kepiting mangrove. Kepiting dalam keluarga sesarmidae memiliki bentukan karapas dan kaki yang lebar tidak memiliki kaki renang serta memiliki sepasang capit berwarna ungu pudar, adanya warna tersebut kepiting dapat diidentikasikan mengandung jenis pigmen karotenoid. Dari hasil penelitian ini mendapatkan kandungan pigmen karotenoid 25,2 dan nilai konsentrasi pigmen karotenoid pada ekstrak kepiting jantan Sesarmops sp 10,99 . Hasil pemisahan dari ekstrak pigmen total menggunakan kromatografi kolom didapatkan jenis pigmen β-karoten, Ekinenon, Zeaxantin dan Astaxantin

Application of Fucoxanthin Pigment Extract from Sargassum sp. on the Physical Quality of Blusher Preparation

Sargassum sp. is a brown algae (Phaeophyta) which contains fucoxanthin, i.e. a carotenoid pigment that can be developed as natural dyes. On the cheek coloring products (blusher), color is an important parameter that determines the consumer appeal. This study was carried out by extraction, purification, qualitative and quantitative analysis, making blusher preparation with addition of fucoxanthin pigment extract form Sargassum sp. of 4%, 5%, 6% and 7%, physical quality and antioxidant activity test in the best treatment. The results of this study indicated the application of fucoxanthin pigment extract from Sargassum sp. giving effect to the physical quality of blusher. This blusher preparation had good color homogeneity and almost the same particle size as the commercial blusher. It also had good color stability during 15 days of storage with a change in pH which increases between 8,32-9,34. The irritation reaction that occurred on 10 panelists were undetected and it had the highest hedonic value on blusher with the addition of 4% fucoxanthin. The best treatment in this study was blusher with 4% addition of fucoxanthin pigment extract. The 4% treatment had good homogeneity and color stability. The skin irritation was undetected, it had the most neutral pH value or matches with physiological pH value of the skin and had a moderate antioxidant activity with an IC50 value of 123,66 μg/mL and blusher had a shape like small chunks with a mean size of 36,79 μm in SEM analysis.

Pengaruh Suhu Dan Waktu Pemanasan Terhadap Stabilitas Pigmen Antosianin Ekstrak Asam Sitrat Kulit Buah Naga Merah (Hylocereus polyrizus) Dan Aplikasi Pada Bahan Pangan

Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimen bertujuan untuk mengetahui stabilitas ekstrak pigmen antosianin kulit buah naga merah (Hylocereus polyrizus) terhadap suhu dan waktu pemanasan serta ketahanan warna antosianin kulit buah naga merah pada bahan pangan. Ekstraksi kulit buah naga merah dilakukan dengan metode maserasi menggunakan pelarut asam sitrat 10%: air (6:1). Pengaruh suhu 400C, 500C dan 600C terhadap stabilitas pigmen antosianin dilakukan pada rentang waktu 5 menit, 15 menit, 30 menit, 45 menit dan 60 menit. Selanjutnya dilakukan pengukuran absorbansi sampel pada spektrofotometer UV-Vis dengan λ maks 520,00. Data hasil pengukuran menunjukkan bahwa pigmen antosianin stabil pada rentang suhu 400C- 500C dengan lama pemanasan 30 menit, 45 menit dan 60 menit. Kata kunci: Kulit buah naga merah, suhu, waktu ABSTRACT This research is an experimental study with aim’s to know the stability of anthocyanin pigment extract from red dragon fruit skin (Hylocereus polyrizus) on temperature, heating time and the anthocyanin color resistance of red dragon fruit skin on foodstuffs. Extraction of dragon fruit skin was done by maceration method using 10% citric acid solvent: water (6: 1). The effect of temperature of 400C, 500C and 600C on the stability of anthocyanin pigments was carried out in the time range of 5 minutes, 15 minutes, 30 minutes, 45 minutes and 60 minutes. Then the absorbance measurements of the samples in UV-Vis spectrophotometer were carried out with λ max 520.00. The measoroment result showed that anthocyanin pigment is stable on the temperature range 400C - 500C with heating time of 30 minutes, 45 minutes and 60 minutes. Keywords: Red dragon fruit skin, temperature, time

Polyhydroxynaphthoquinone Pigment From Vietnam Sea Urchins as a Potential Bioactive Ingredient in Cosmeceuticals

In this study, valuable polyhydroxynaphthoquinone (PHNQ) pigments were recovered from sea urchin food waste and were investigated as a potential bioactive ingredient for cosmeceuticals. The crude PHNQ pigment extract from 4 Vietnam sea urchins, Diadema setosum, Diadema savignyi, Stomopneustes variolaris, and Tripneustes gratilla, exhibited effective 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate scavenging activity, tyrosinase inhibitory activity, and antibacterial activity. The moisturizing cream with 0.5% of PHNQ pigments from D. setosum and Tripneustes gratilla sea urchins showed no dermal irritation over 14 days of mouse skin test. Four major active components in PHNQ were identified via high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detector and mass spectrometry. Echinochrome A contributed considerably to the antioxidant activity of the extracts while those containing echinochrome A and spinochrome E were significantly active against various bacteria. The promising results laid the foundation for establishing a novel process from food waste to innovative biomaterial and formulating eco-friendly skincare products with PHNQ components from sea urchins as precious ingredient.

Optimization of Natural Colour Extraction from Dragon Fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus) Peel

Dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus) which comes from family of Cactaceae is one of the tropical fruit in Malaysia. The peels of red dragon fruit are the possible sources of betacyanin, which responsible for the red-violet color even though the peel always regarded as a waste. The objective of this study is to assess the stability of natural pigment extract from dragon fruits peels by using simple water extraction method and assessed by ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectrometer. The extracted natural pigments then were introduced to several optimization conditions such as extraction time (1 – 6 hours), temperature (25 – 100 °C) and a range of pH (2 – 12). This study was also investigated the stability of natural pigment towards light. Results analysis of dragon fruit peels extracted shown that the optimum conditions were 4 hours of extraction time, 25 °C and pH 5. Sample extraction of natural pigment that has been optimized was more stable compare to control when exposed to light. In addition, the natural pigment extracted from dragon fruit peel was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer. In conclusion, the natural pigment extracted by using solvent extraction method from dragon fruit peels has ability to be used as natural colorant.

STUDI PEMBUATAN TABLET EFFERVESCENT DENGAN EKSTRAK BUNGA MAWAR MERAH (Rosa sp.) PADA PASCA POTONG BUNGA MAWAR DAN JENIS FILLER (NaHCO3, KHCO3, CaCO3)

Red roses (Rosa sp) are a decorative plant species. Their petals contain the pigment anthocyanin, which is classified as a flavonoid and is able to capture free radicals. Due to their popularity, roses are an abundant resource and can be processed into effervescent drink tablets. This study aims to investigate the influence of time after harvest and filler type on the quality of the red rose extract powder, on effervescent tablets made from the said extract and on effervescent drink quality. The study was conducted in two stages. Phase I tested the quality of pigment extract of hybrid varieties of Dutch roses. Three post-harvest durations were tested using a Randomized Block Design: fresh, or 0 days after harvesting (U0), 2 days after harvesting (U1) and 4 days after harvesting (U2). Phase II used a Randomized Block Design arranged in factorial to test rose extracts taken from flowers at 3 post-harvest durations (U0, U1, U2) in combination with 3 different filler types [NaHCO3 (N0), KHCO3 (N1), CaCO3 (N2)]. Resulting pigment extracts were analyzed for water quality, pigment quality, pH, and colour intensity. Effervescent tablets made from the various pigment extracts were also measured for water quality, sugar level, pH, moisture content, tablet density, and colour intensity. Study findings revealed that time after harvest affected pigment extract pH, absorbance, light (L), and red (a+)/yellow (b+) colour intensity, while water content and soluble solid content and quantity were unaffected. Analysis of effervescent tablets found that time after harvest, was linked to differences in water content, texture, light intensity (L) and red (a+)/yellow (b+) intensity while there was no effect on moisture level. Analysis of effervescent tablet drinks found that harvest time and filler type affected pH, dissolution speed, colour intensity and flavour. However, neither time after cutting nor filler type had a significant effect on the quantity of soluble solid, colour, appearance or taste of the drinks.