Nematode-Microbe Complexes in Soils Replanted with Apple

Apple replant disease is a severe problem in orchards and tree nurseries. Evidence for the involvement of a nematode-microbe disease complex was reported. To search for this complex, plots with a history of apple replanting, and control plots cultivated for the first time with apple were sampled in two fields in two years. Shoot weight drastically decreased with each replanting. Nematodes were extracted from soil samples by floatation-centrifugation, washed on a 20 µm-sieve, and used for DNA extraction. Nematode communities and co-extracted fungi and bacteria were analyzed by high-throughput sequencing of amplified ribosomal fragments. The nematode community and co-extracted fungal and bacterial communities significantly differed between replanted and control plots. Free-living nematodes of the genera Aphelenchus, Cephalenchus, and an unidentified Dorylaimida were associated with replanted plots, as indicated by linear discriminant analysis effect size. Among the co-extracted fungi and bacteria, Mortierella was most indicative of replanting. Some genera, mostly Rhabditis, indicated healthy control plots. Isolating and investigating the putative disease complexes will help to understand and alleviate stress-induced root damage of apple in replanted soil.

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Nematode–Microbe Complexes in Soils Replanted with Apple

Microorganisms ◽

10.3390/microorganisms10010157 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 157

Author(s):

Xorla Kanfra ◽

Andreas Wrede ◽

Julia Moll ◽

Holger Heuer

Keyword(s):

Amplicon Sequencing ◽

Apple Replant Disease ◽

Severe Problem ◽

Linear Discriminant ◽

Healthy Control ◽

History Of ◽

Shoot Weight ◽

And Control ◽

First Time ◽

Disease Complexes

Apple replant disease is a severe problem in orchards and tree nurseries. Evidence for the involvement of a nematode–microbe disease complex was reported. To search for this complex, plots with a history of apple replanting, and control plots cultivated for the first time with apple were sampled in two fields in two years. Shoot weight drastically decreased with each replanting. Amplicon sequencing of the nematode community and co-extracted fungal and bacterial communities revealed significant differences between replanted and control plots. Free-living nematodes of the genera Aphelenchus and Cephalenchus and an unidentified Dorylaimida were associated with replanted plots, as indicated by linear discriminant analysis effect size. Among the co-extracted fungi and bacteria, Mortierella and Methylotenera were most indicative of replanting. Some genera, mostly Rhabditis, Streptomyces and a fungus belonging to the Chaetomiaceae indicated healthy control plots. Isolating and investigating the putative disease complexes will help to understand and alleviate stress-induced root damage of apple in replanted soil.

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The Fecal Bacterial Microbiota in Horses with Equine Recurrent Uveitis

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11030745 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 745

Author(s):

Michelle Martin de Bustamante ◽

Diego Gomez ◽

Jennifer MacNicol ◽

Ralph Hamor ◽

Caryn Plummer

Keyword(s):

Beta Diversity ◽

High Throughput Sequencing ◽

Illumina Miseq ◽

Diversity Indices ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Linear Discriminant ◽

Alpha And Beta Diversity ◽

Bacterial Microbiota ◽

Healthy Control ◽

Equine Recurrent Uveitis

The objective of this study was to describe and compare the fecal bacterial microbiota of horses with equine recurrent uveitis (ERU) and healthy horses using next-generation sequencing techniques. Fecal samples were collected from 15 client-owned horses previously diagnosed with ERU on complete ophthalmic examination. For each fecal sample obtained from a horse with ERU, a sample was collected from an environmentally matched healthy control with no evidence of ocular disease. The Illumina MiSeq sequencer was used for high-throughput sequencing of the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene. The relative abundance of predominant taxa, and alpha and beta diversity indices were calculated and compared between groups. The phyla Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Verrucomicrobia, and Proteobacteria predominated in both ERU and control horses, accounting for greater than 60% of sequences. Based on linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe), no taxa were found to be enriched in either group. No significant differences were observed in alpha and beta diversity indices between groups (p > 0.05 for all tests). Equine recurrent uveitis is not associated with alteration of the gastrointestinal bacterial microbiota when compared with healthy controls.

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Comparative Analysis of the Fecal Bacterial Microbiota of Wintering Whooper Swans (Cygnus Cygnus)

Frontiers in Veterinary Science ◽

10.3389/fvets.2021.670645 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Wenxia Wang ◽

Songlin Huang ◽

Liangliang Yang ◽

Guogang Zhang

Keyword(s):

Intestinal Microbiota ◽

Relative Abundance ◽

High Throughput Sequencing ◽

The Body ◽

16S Rrna Genes ◽

Rrna Genes ◽

Illumina Hiseq ◽

Linear Discriminant ◽

Bacterial Microbiota ◽

And Control

There are many and diverse intestinal microbiota, and they are closely related to various physiological functions of the body. They directly participate in the host's food digestion, nutrient absorption, energy metabolism, immune response, and many other physiological activities and are also related to the occurrence of many diseases. The intestinal microbiota are extremely important for maintaining normal physical health. In order to explore the composition and differences of the intestinal microbiota of whooper swans in different wintering areas, we collected fecal samples of whooper swans in Sanmenxia, Henan, and Rongcheng, Shandong, and we used the Illumina HiSeq platform to perform high-throughput sequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA genes. Comparison between Sanmenxia and Rongcheng showed no significant differences in ACE, Chao 1, Simpson, and Shannon indices (p > 0.05). Beta diversity results showed significant differences in bacterial communities between two groups [analysis of similarity (ANOSIM): R = 0.80, p = 0.011]. Linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) analysis showed that at the phylum level, the relative abundance of Actinobacteria was significantly higher in Sanmenxia whooper swans than Rongcheng whooper swans. At the genus level, the amount of Psychrobacter and Carnobacterium in Sanmenxia was significantly higher in Rongcheng, while the relative abundance Catellicoccus and Lactobacillus was significantly higher in Rongcheng than in Sanmenxia. This study analyzed the composition, characteristics, and differences of the intestinal microbiota of the whooper swans in different wintering environments and provided theoretical support for further exploring the relationship between the intestinal microbiota of the whooper swans and the external environment. And it played an important role in the overwintering physiology and ecology, population management, and epidemic prevention and control of whooper swans.

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“Oil Weapon” in the Third and Fourth Arab-Israeli Wars

World Economy and International Relations ◽

10.20542/0131-2227-2010-2-47-56 ◽

2010 ◽

pp. 47-56

Author(s):

K. Belousova

Keyword(s):

Local Population ◽

Arab Countries ◽

Modern World ◽

Output Level ◽

The West ◽

Base Materials ◽

History Of ◽

Economic Ties ◽

And Control ◽

First Time

In the modern world, energetic base materials, and especially petroleum connections, with their hubs, streams and directions, are much closer than economic ties. The history of relationship between oil-producing countries and the leading powers of the West became especially vivid during the Arab-Israeli wars of 1967 and 1973. The attempts of "petroleum weapon" employment in 1967, under the weight of radical Arab regimes and local population against the U.S. and West-European countries (Israel's allies), failed owing to a two-faced position of Saudi Arabia and other oil-producing Arab countries. During the Arab-Israeli war of 1973, the "petroleum weapon" had more serious consequences for the West. For once the Arabs were acting more in concert. Oil-importing countries realized their economic exposure. For the first time the Arab countries started to determine their oil output level and control its price assessment. In this way, the war of 1973 and its consequences created the new phenomenon: the oil prices dynamics came to be integrated with politics in the Middle East.

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Isolation, identification and susceptibility pattern of Gardnerella vaginalis in bacterial vaginosis

Bangladesh Journal of Medical Microbiology ◽

10.3329/bjmm.v5i1.15814 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 8-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Shameem Akhter ◽

Humayun Sattar ◽

Ruhul Amin Miah ◽

Ahmed Abu Saleh ◽

Sharmeen Ahmed ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bacterial Vaginosis ◽

Vaginal Discharge ◽

Vaginal Swab ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Gardnerella Vaginalis ◽

Gram Stain ◽

Healthy Control ◽

History Of ◽

Abnormal Vaginal Discharge ◽

And Control

Bacterial vaginosis is the commonest cause of abnormal vaginal discharge in women of reproductive age. A total 200 women aged 15- 45 years with history of abnormal vaginal discharge were included as study population. Fifty women without such history of discharge were taken as healthy control. Two vaginal swab samples were taken from each case and control. These swab samples were subjected to test by Gram stain (Nugent method) and culture. 21.5 % of the cases were diagnosed as bacterial vaginosis by Gram stain (Nugent method) and 21 % by culture. Clindamycin was susceptible to G. vaginalis in (90.5%) followed by metronidazol (76.1 %), chloramphenicol (71.4 %) and erythromycin (66.7 %). Out of 50 cases of recurrent bacterial vaginosis, G. vaginalis was isolated from 15 (30 %) cases, of which 5 (33.3 %) were sensitive and 10 (66.7 %) were resistant to metronidazol, while all 15 cases were sensitive to clindamycin.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjmm.v5i1.15814 Bangladesh J Med Microbiol 2011; 05 (01): 8-11

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Molecular epidemiology of rhinoviruses in Cyprus over three consecutive seasons

Epidemiology and Infection ◽

10.1017/s0950268814002933 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 143 (9) ◽

pp. 1876-1883 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

J. RICHTER ◽

E. NIKOLAOU ◽

C. PANAYIOTOU ◽

C. TRYFONOS ◽

M. KOLIOU ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Respiratory Tract ◽

Molecular Epidemiology ◽

Respiratory Tract Infections ◽

Respiratory Pathogens ◽

Global Circulation ◽

History Of ◽

Tract Infections ◽

And Control ◽

First Time ◽

Viral Respiratory

SUMMARYHuman rhinoviruses (HRVs) are widespread respiratory pathogens and a major cause of acute respiratory tract infections. The aim of this study was to investigate the molecular epidemiology of rhinovirus infections in children in Cyprus over three consecutive winter seasons. From a total of 116 rhinovirus-positive samples, 68 were sequenced in the 5’-UTR and VP4/VP2 regions. Thirty-six (52·9%) samples were identified as HRV-A and 27 (39·7%) as HRV-C, with only five (7·4%) samples belonging to the HRV-B species. Of these, a total of 46 different genotypes were identified. In the VP2/VP4 phylogenetic tree all strains clustered in three different well-defined clades, whereas the 5’-UTR tree exhibited clades with a mixed clustering of HRV-A and HRV-C strains reflecting the evolutionary history of recombination between HRV-A and HRV-C that has been observed previously. In summary, a high intra- and inter-season diversity of HRV types was observed. Despite its geographical isolation the frequency of HRV species in Cyprus is comparable to that reported in other regions of the world supporting the concept of an unrestricted global circulation. This study assesses, for the first time, the epidemiology of rhinovirus infections in Cypriot children and will be helpful to clinicians and researchers interested in the treatment and control of viral respiratory tract infections.

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Maternal multiple sclerosis is not a risk factor for neurodevelopmental disorders in offspring

Multiple Sclerosis Journal - Experimental Translational and Clinical ◽

10.1177/20552173211017301 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 205521732110173

Author(s):

Alessandra Carta ◽

Ignazio R Zarbo ◽

Chiara Scoppola ◽

Giulia Pisuttu ◽

Marta Conti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factor ◽

Neurodevelopmental Disorders ◽

Autism Spectrum ◽

Learning Disorders ◽

Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Immune Mediated ◽

Organ Specific ◽

History Of ◽

And Control ◽

First Time

Background Childhood neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs), including specific learning disorders (SLD), attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD), are pathogenically linked to familial autoimmunity and maternal immune-mediated diseases during pregnancy. Objective We studied maternal MS as a potential risk factor for NDDs occurrence in offspring. Methods MS and control mothers were subjected to questionnaires to ascertain NDD diagnosis in their progeny and the occurrence of both autoimmune and neurodevelopment disorders in their families. Suspected NDD cases were evaluated to confirm or rule out the diagnosis. Results Of the 322 MS women, 206 (64%) have 361 children; of these, 27 (7.5%) were diagnosed with NDD (11% ADHD; 22% ASD; 67% SLD). NDD-risk in offspring was associated to family history of autoimmunity and to NDDs both in MS and non-MS mother families ( r = 0.75; p = 0.005) whereas it was not associated to maternal MS. Conclusions For the first time, we demonstrate that maternal MS does not predispose children to higher risk for NDD. On a mechanistic view, we suggest that the intrinsic organ-specific nature of MS does not impair the mother–child cross-talk in decidua nor does it influence fetal neurodevelopment.

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Screening of Mutations and Polymorphisms in the Glucokinase Gene in Czech Diabetic and Healthy Control Populations

Physiological Research ◽

10.33549/physiolres.931494 ◽

2008 ◽

pp. S99-S108

Author(s):

P Lukášová ◽

J Včelák ◽

M Vaňková ◽

D Vejražková ◽

K Andělová ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Novel Mutation ◽

Pathogenic Mutation ◽

Glucokinase Gene ◽

Exon 2 ◽

Patients With Diabetes ◽

Healthy Control ◽

History Of ◽

And Control ◽

Flanking Regions

Glucokinase (GCK) plays a key role in glucose metabolism. GCK mutations are known as a pathogenic cause of maturity-onset diabetes of the young type 2 (MODY2). These mutations are also found in gestational diabetics. The aim of our study was to assess the variability of the GCK gene in the Czech diabetic and control populations. We screened all 10 exons specific for the pancreatic isoform of glucokinase (1a and 2-10) including the intron flanking regions in 722 subjects (in 12 patients with an unrecognised type of MODY and their 10 family members, 313 patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2), 141 gestational diabetics (GDM), 130 healthy offspring of diabetic parents, and 116 healthy controls without family history of DM2). In two MODY families we identified two mutations in exon 2 of the GCK gene: a novel mutation Val33Ala and the previously described mutation Glu40Lys. In other subgroups (excluding MODY families) we detected only intronic variants and previously described polymorphisms in exons 6 (Tyr215Tyr) and 7 (Ser263Ser), we did not find any known GCK pathogenic mutation. We observed no difference in the frequencies of GCK polymorphisms between Czech diabetic (DM2, GDM) and non-diabetic populations.

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Eurosurveillance – a look back at 2007

Weekly releases (1997–2007) ◽

10.2807/esw.12.51.03331-en ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 12 (51) ◽

Author(s):

◽

Keyword(s):

Disease Prevention ◽

Prevention And Control ◽

Editorial Team ◽

European Centre ◽

Single Location ◽

Look Back ◽

History Of ◽

And Control ◽

First Time ◽

Important Milestone

This year has been a very important milestone in the history of Eurosurveillance. The European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) took over the funding and production of the journal in March with the result that, for the first time since its launch in 1995, the whole editorial team began operating from a single location.

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Decreased Vitamin B12 Levels in Children with Nocturnal Enuresis

ISRN Urology ◽

10.5402/2012/789706 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-4 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Bülent Altunoluk ◽

Mehmet Davutoglu ◽

Mesut Garipardic ◽

Vedat Bakan

Keyword(s):

Nocturnal Enuresis ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Control Group ◽

Vitamin B ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Healthy Control ◽

The Mean ◽

Complete Blood Counts ◽

And Control ◽

First Time

Objectives. Nocturnal enuresis is a common pediatric problem, the etiology of which is unclear. In the present study, vitamin B12 and folate levels were measured in children with nocturnal enuresis and compared with those in healthy control group children to investigate whether there was any relation with enuresis and neurogenic maturation as a first time in the literature. Methods. In this cross-sectional study, we included thirty children (16 girls, 14 boys) who had presented with primary nocturnal enuresis (PNE) complaints in the study group and 31 children (13 girls, 18 boys) in the control group. Body weight and height measurements were obtained and complete blood counts and vitamin B12 and folate levels were measured in all children. Results. No difference was found in age, height, and weight between study and control groups. Also the mean levels of the hemoglobin, hematocrit, and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) were not different between the two groups. Significantly lower mean vitamin B12 and folate levels were found in the enuresis group compared with the control group. Conclusions. Further studies are needed to clarify B12 and folate deficiency in larger series so that these tests can be included in routine investigations of enuretic children.

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