In vitro gas production and its prediction on metabolize energy of complete feed using rumen fluid of three Indigenous cattle as inoculum taken from abattoir

In vitro gas production (IVGP) technique has been routinely used to evaluate the nutritional value of ruminant feed. The pre-requisite of using rumen fluid from fistulae animals is now facing a raising pressure from the animal welfare organization to ban this practice. Alternatively, rumen fluid (RF) from abattoir has been suggested to be used as source of inoculum by a number of scientists. The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of rumen fluid taken from cattle that were slaughtered at Surabaya abattoir as inoculum for IVGP measurement and its prediction on metabolic energy (ME) of a complete feed. Fresh rumen fluid of three indigenous cattle, namely Ongole Cross Breed (OCB), Madura (MC) and Bali Cattle (BC) was transferred into a vacuum thermo flask and immediately transported to the animal nutrition laboratory of Brawijaya University for further processes to measure IVGP of complete feed in a completely randomized block design with two replicates each. Gas production was monitored at time intervals and terminated after 48 hours incubation in the oxygen-free glass syringes at 38°C. Feed degradability was calculated by gravimetric method at 48 hours, while prediction of ME content was based on 24 h GP and estimated using the equation described by Menke and Steingass (1979).The results demonstrated that inoculum from OCB resulted in the superiority in all parameters, namely total GP (ml/500 mg DM), potential of GP (ml/500 mg DM), rate constant of gas production for insoluble fraction (ml/hour), and estimated ME content (MJ/DM) compared with MC and BC. Based on these findings it can be concluded that the fermentation process of complete feed in the rumen of OCB is more efficient than MC and BC which reflects to the more efficient interaction among rumen microbes to ferment the feed ingredients.

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The potential of frozen rumen fluid for ruminant feed evaluation using in vitro gas production technique

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202233500053 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 335 ◽

pp. 00053

Author(s):

Melyndra Sonya Pramita ◽

Hendrawan Soetanto

Keyword(s):

Storage Time ◽

Rumen Fluid ◽

Block Design ◽

Gas Production ◽

Indigenous Cattle ◽

Inoculum Source ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Feeding Regimes ◽

Ruminant Feed

The aim of this study was to determine the potential of frozen rumen fluid (RF) for ruminant feed evaluation using in vitro gas production (IVGP) technique. This study used a factorial randomized block design with a 3 × 3 × 3 pattern, consisting three feeding regimes varying in forage to concentrate proportion, namely 20%:80% (feed A), 40%:60% (feed B), and 60%:40% (feed C), respectively; three storage time (2, 11, and 19 days); and RF from 3 breeds of indigenous cattle, namely Bali, crossbred Ongole and Madura cattle as groups. The results showed that the effects of feeding regimes, inoculum source, or storage time on total gas production, potential of gas production, rate of gas production, dry matter and organic matter degradability. Based on the results, it can be concluded that frozen RF may be used as inoculum source for feed evaluation using the IVGP technique and hence it supports the previous findings reported in the literature. Considering that the effects of different feeds, inoculum sources, and storage times gave the specific values, it is advisable that to use RF from slaughtered animals should be taken from the same breed to allow accurate comparison for feed evaluation using IVGP technique.

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Effect of preservation on fermentative activity of rumen fluid inoculum for in vitro gas production techniques

Animal Feed Science and Technology ◽

10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2005.05.004 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 123-124 ◽

pp. 107-118 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

Gonzalo Hervás ◽

Pilar Frutos ◽

F. Javier Giráldez ◽

Manuel J. Mora ◽

Begoña Fernández ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rumen Fluid ◽

Gas Production ◽

In Vitro Gas Production ◽

Production Techniques ◽

Fermentative Activity

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Produk Fermentasi Rumen dan Produksi Protein Mikroba Sapi Lokal yang Diberi Pakan Jerami Amoniasi dan Beberapa Bahan Pakan Sumber Energi

Jurnal Agripet ◽

10.17969/agripet.v11i2.371 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 29-34 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Novita Hindratiningrum ◽

Muhamad Bata ◽

Setya Agus Santosa

Keyword(s):

Protein Synthesis ◽

Rice Bran ◽

Volatile Fatty Acids ◽

Rumen Fluid ◽

Gas Production ◽

Metabolic Energy ◽

Energy Sources ◽

Microbial Protein ◽

Microbial Protein Synthesis

Products of rumen fermentation and protein microbial of dairy cattle feed with rice bran ammonization and some feedstuffs as an energy sourcesABSTRACT. This study aims to examine the energy sources of feed ingredients that can increase the production of Volatile Fatty Acids (VFA), N-NH3, microbial protein synthesis, total gas production and metabolic energy. The material used is as a source of rumen fluid inoculum from Frisian Holstein cows (FH) females, amoniasi rice straw, salt, mineral mix brand "Ultra Minerals' production Eka Farma Semarang, onggok wet and dry, corn, and rice bran. Observed variable is the concentration of (VFA), N-NH3, rumen microbial protein synthesis, and total gas production. Based on the analysis of diversity seen any significant effect (P0.05) on total VFA concentration, N-NH3 and total gas but had no effect (P0.05) on microbial protein synthesis. Conclusion of research is the provision of energy sources with rice bran treatment, onggok wet and dry corn flour can be used as fermentable carbohydrates on feed hay amoniasi in vitro.

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Evaluation of nutrient content and in-vitro gas production of complete feed based on corn stover (Zea mays) supplemented by mimosa powder and myristic acid

Livestock and Animal Research ◽

10.20961/lar.v18i2.42998 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 18 (2) ◽

pp. 191

Author(s):

Muchamad Muchlas ◽

Siti Chuzaemi ◽

Mashudi Mashudi

Keyword(s):

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Zea Mays ◽

Corn Stover ◽

Myristic Acid ◽

Block Design ◽

Gas Production ◽

Total Carbon ◽

Methane Gas ◽

In Vitro Gas Production

Objective: The purpose of this research was to evaluate the effect supplementation of mimosa powder as a source of condensed tannins and a single fatty acid, myristic acid, in a complete feed based on corn stover (Zea mays) using the in-vitro gas production method. This research has been carried out at the Animal Nutrition and Food Laboratory, Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Brawijaya University. The time of the research was conducted in August until December 2019.Methods: The experimental design used randomized complete block design by ANOVA consisting four treatments and three replications which were P1= a complete feed based on corn stover (Zea mays) as control Diet (CD) (40% corn stover + 60 % concentrate), P2= (CD) + Mimosa Powder(MP) 1.5 %/kg DM + myristic acid (MA)2% /kg DM, P3= CD + MP 1.5 % /kg DM + MA 3% /kg DM, and P4= CD + MP 1.5 %/kg DM + MA 4 %/kg DM.Results: The results showed that the treatments affected total gas production (p<0.01). The highest value for total gas production was found in P1 (86.67 ml/500 mg DM) and the lowest was found in P3 (73.30 ml/500 mg DM). The results showed that gas production decreased concurrently with the increase of MA level. In vitro methane gas and carbon dioxide production was showed different (p<0.05) from the control treatment. The lowest concentration of methane production was in P4 (82863.07 ppm) and the highest concentration was in treatment P1 86530.89 ppm. The highest total carbon dioxide content was P1 (436711.57 ppm) and the lowest concentration was P3 (350287.72 ppm).Conclusions: The results of the research concluded that the addition of mimosa powder and 3 different levels of myristic acid in a complete feed based on corn stover can increase the nutritional value of a complete feed and reduce the production of methane gas.

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Evaluation of nutritional value in some tropical by-products using the in vitro gas production technique

Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s1752756200030295 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 2009 ◽

pp. 190-190

Author(s):

A Taghizadeh ◽

M Besharati

Keyword(s):

Rumen Fluid ◽

Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Gas Production ◽

Production Technique ◽

Production Methods ◽

Feeding Programs ◽

Body Of Knowledge ◽

In Vitro Gas Production ◽

Digestion Kinetics

Anaerobic digestion of carbohydrates by ruminal microbes produces short chain fatty acids (SCFA), CO2, CH4, and traces of H2; hence, measurement of gas production in vitro can be used to study the rate and extent of digestion of feedstuffs (Hungate, 1966). When a feedstuff is incubated with buffered rumen fluid in vitro, the carbohydrates are fermented to SCFA, gases mainly CO2 and CH4 and microbial cells. Gas production is basically the result of fermentation of carbohydrates to acetate, propionate and butyrate (Wolin, 1960; Beuvink and Spoelstra, 1992; Blummel and Ørskov, 1993). High correlations between gas production and NDF disappearance, r2 = 0.99 (Pell and Schofield, 1993) or gas production and DM disappearance, r2 = 0.95 (Prasad et al., 1994) have been reported. In vitro techniques that estimate digestion kinetics indirectly by measuring gas production are a more viable option than other in vitro methods. Gas production technology allows for a more usable collection of digestion kinetics data and has allowed for a growing body of knowledge that is directly applicable to the feeding programs that are in daily practical field use. The range of data that can be acquired is broad and will no doubt grow over time. One of the most challenging problems associated with using gas production methods is that the amount of gas produced varies with different molar proportions of SCFA. For example, a higher propionate concentration is associated with lower gas production because an extra carbon atom in propionate would otherwise have appeared as CO2 (Wolin, 1960). The object of this study was to evaluate the nutritional quality of noodle waste (NW), tomato pomace (TP) and apple pomace (AP) using the gas production technique.

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The evaluation of Acacia and other tree pods for goats: influence of rumen fluid source and polyethylene glycol addition on in vitro gas production

Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s1752756200007882 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 2002 ◽

pp. 132-132 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

V. Mlambo ◽

F. L. Mould ◽

T. Smith ◽

E. Owen ◽

I. Mueller-Harvey

Keyword(s):

Polyethylene Glycol ◽

Prolonged Exposure ◽

Rumen Fluid ◽

Gas Production ◽

Rumen Microorganisms ◽

Protein Supplements ◽

In Vitro Gas Production ◽

Adaptive Mechanisms ◽

Acacia Pods

After prolonged exposure to tanniniferous diets, it has been reported that some rumen microorganisms acquire defensive mechanisms against tannins (Brooker et al., 2000) or produce tannin-degrading enzymes. Such rumen microorganisms are said to be “tannin resistant” as their fermentation activity is less inhibited by the presence of tannins in the host’s diet. As acacia pods contain tannins their use as protein supplements for goats in the dry season may require that they be first detannified e.g. by using polyethylene glycol (PEG). However, goats with prior exposure to tanniniferous diets may have developed adaptive mechanisms to deal with tannins. This study, therefore, investigated the need for tannin inactivation in feeds given to ‘adapted’ animals by comparing the effect on the in vitro fermentation of tree pods incubated with and without PEG using rumen fluid from adapted and unadapted goats.

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Multiple-factor associative effects of peanut shell combined with alfalfa and concentrate determined by in vitro gas production method

Czech Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.17221/94/2019-cjas ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 64 (No. 8) ◽

pp. 352-360

Author(s):

Jiu Yuan ◽

Xinjie Wan

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Volatile Fatty Acids ◽

Rumen Fluid ◽

Production Method ◽

Ammonia Nitrogen ◽

Gas Production ◽

Peanut Shell ◽

Dry Matter Digestibility ◽

In Vitro Gas Production

The associative effects (AE) between concentrate (C), peanut shell (P) and alfalfa (A) were investigated by means of an automated gas production (GP) system. The C, P and A were incubated alone or as 40 : 60 : 0, 40 : 45 : 15, 40 : 30 : 30, 40 : 15 : 45, 40 : 0 : 60 and 30 : 70 : 0, 30 : 55 : 15, 30 : 40 : 30, 30 : 25 : 45, 30 : 10 : 60, 30 : 0 : 70 mixtures where the C : roughage (R) ratios were 40 : 60 and 30 : 70. Samples (0.2000 ± 0.0010 g) of single feeds or mixtures were incubated for 96 h in individual bottles (100 ml) with 30 ml of buffered rumen fluid. GP parameters were analysed using a single exponential equation. After incubation, the residues were used to determine pH, dry matter digestibility (DMD), organic matter digestibility (OMD), volatile fatty acids (VFA) and ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) of the incubation fluid, and their single factor AE indices (SFAEI) and multiple-factors AE indices (MFAEI) were determined. The results showed that group of 30 peanut shell had higher SFAEI of GP48 h, DMD, OMD and total volatile fatty acids (p < 0.05) and MFAEI (p < 0.05) than groups 60, 45 and 0 when C : R was 40 : 60. The group of 10 peanut shell showed higher SFAEI of GP48 h, DMD and OMD (p < 0.05) than groups 70, 55 and 40 and MFAEI (p < 0.01) when C : R was 30 : 70. It is concluded that optimal SFAEI and MFAEI were obtained when the C : P : A ratios were 40 : 30 : 30 and 30 : 10 : 60.

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A comparison between two in vitro gas production techniques to study fermentation profiles of three foodstuffs

BSAP Occasional Publication ◽

10.1017/s0263967x00032614 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 22 ◽

pp. 207-208

Author(s):

R. S. Lowman ◽

N. S. Jessop ◽

M. K. Theodorou ◽

M. Herrero ◽

D. Cuddeford

Keyword(s):

Pressure Transducer ◽

Rumen Fluid ◽

Gas Production ◽

In Vitro Gas Production ◽

Production Techniques ◽

Gas Tight ◽

Gas Volume ◽

Kinetics Of ◽

Made In

Following the development of the Menke technique in 1979, the measurement of gas production in vitro has become increasingly popular for investigating the kinetics of rumen fermentation. The aim of this study was to compare the gas production profiles for three foods using two in vitro gas production techniques; the Menke et al. (1979) technique (MT) and the pressure transducer technique (PTT) (Theodorou et al., 1994). Both techniques involve recording gas production throughout the incubation of a food sample with rumen fluid. The MT incubations are made in gas-tight syringes where the volume of gas produced causes the plunger to move up the syringe barrel. The PTT involves measuring gas production in fermentation bottles using a pressure transducer and syringe assembly to measure the pressure and corresponding gas volume. As the medium to rumen fluid ratios also differ between techniques; 2:1 in the Menke technique and 9:1 in the PTT, both ratios were investigated in this study.

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Effect of the ratio of maize cob and husk to napier Pakchong 1 silage on nutritive value and in vitro gas production of rumen fluid of Thai native cattle

Animal Production Science ◽

10.1071/an15692 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 57 (8) ◽

pp. 1603 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

S. Yammuen-art ◽

P. Somrak ◽

C. Phatsara

Keyword(s):

Microbial Biomass ◽

Nutritive Value ◽

Biomass Yield ◽

Rumen Fluid ◽

Gas Production ◽

Average Weight ◽

In Vitro Gas Production ◽

Native Cattle ◽

Maize Cob

The present study evaluated the chemical composition and in vitro ruminal digestibility of napier Pakchong 1 silage combined with maize cob and husk in different ratios. The napier Pakchong 1 grass was harvested at 45 days of maturity. The napier Pakchong 1 grass was ensiled with maize cob and husk at ratios of 1:5, 1:10 and 1:15. Three rumen fistulated Thai native cattle (White Lamphun cattle) with an average weight of 154 ± 4.7 kg were used to determine ruminal digestibility by in vitro gas-production technique. Gas production was recorded after incubating for 2, 4, 8, 12, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h. The microbial biomass yield was determined after incubating for 24 h. DM, NDF and ADF of maize cob and husk mixed with napier Pakchong 1 silage declined by increasing the proportion of napier Pakchong 1 grass, while gas production after 4–10 h of incubating maize cob and husk mixed with napier Pakchong 1 grass increased by increasing the proportion of napier Pakchong 1 grass. The metabolisable energy, organic matter digestibility and microbial biomass yield did not differ among the different ratios. The results of the study suggested a recommended ratio of maize cob and husk to napier Pakchong 1 grass of 1:10. The ensiling fermentation increased the proportion of protein in the roughage, which lead to increased in vitro gas production of roughage.

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Comparison of three different rumen fluid as a source of inoculum to evaluate in vitro gas production and digestibility of elephant grass-concentrate mixture

IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science ◽

10.1088/1755-1315/888/1/012076 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 888 (1) ◽

pp. 012076

Author(s):

H Soetanto ◽

RM Aprilia ◽

MS Pramita ◽

I Banna

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Nutritive Value ◽

Rumen Fluid ◽

Gas Production ◽

Elephant Grass ◽

Buffer Solution ◽

Cattle Breeds ◽

In Vitro Gas Production ◽

Concentrate Mixture

Abstract This study aimed at elucidating the use of three different rumen fluid (RF) of indigenous cattle breeds i.e. Bali, Madura and Crossbred Ongole immediately after slaughtered at abattoir to evaluate the nutritive value of elephant grass( EG) -concentrate mixture using a standard in vitro gas production (IVGP) technique. Approximately 500 mg feed dry matter/syringe was added with 50 ml RF-buffer solution and incubated in a 39 0C water bath for 48 hours where gas production was observed at time intervals. Following termination of incubation the content was transferred into tare glass crucible to measure rumen dry matter (RDMD) and organic matter (ROMD) digestibility. The results showed that there was no significant different (P>0.05) in gas production parameters. In contrast, RDMD and ROMD differed significantly (P<0.01) among cattle breeds. RF from OCB resulted in the highest IVGP, RDMD and ROMD as compared with other RF sources. In conclusion, the use of RF from abattoir for IVGP measurement can be warranted using the same source of RF. The highest values resulted from OCB suggests that the abundance and variation in rumen microbiota may exist among cattle breeds.

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