scholarly journals KAJIAN KONDISI ATMOSFER SAAT KEJADIAN HUJAN EKSTREM DI PADANG SUMATERA BARAT (STUDI KASUS TANGGAL 14 FEBRUARI 2018)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 246
Author(s):  
Rifky Hadiansyah ◽  
Ardian L Indranata ◽  
Andreas K Silitonga ◽  
Paulus Agus Winarso
Keyword(s):  
Extreme Rainfall ◽  
Reanalysis Data ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
The West ◽  
Convective Clouds ◽  
West Sumatra ◽  
Extreme Rain ◽  
Rain Study ◽  
Two Peaks ◽  
Cloud Top Temperature

<p class="AbstractEnglish"><strong>Abstract:</strong> Padang's West Sumatra region has an equatorial rain pattern, where every year there are two peaks of rain. On February 14, 2018, there has been extreme rain in the Padang area, West Sumatra reaching 193 mm / day. In this extreme rain study using ECMWF reanalysis data, HIMAWARI -8 satellite data, and observation data on the Minangkabau Meteorological Station, Padang. The data is processed using tables, and images then analyzed descriptively. Based on the results of the analysis, it was found that the extreme rainfall occurring in the Padang region of West Sumatra was due to the pattern of closed angina seen around the area around West Sumatra, the highest humidity values were wet to 200 mb, cloud cover patterns that support extreme rainfall, and is supported by divergence and vertical velocity as well as unstable air conditions in the West Sumatra region and beyond. The lowest cloud top temperature reaches -74.5° C, it is indicated that the clouds formed at the time of the incident are convective clouds that are multi-cell.</p><p class="KeywordsEngish"><strong>Abstrak:</strong> Wilayah Sumatera Barat tepatnya Padang memiliki pola hujan ekuatorial, dimana setiap tahun terdapat dua puncak hujan. Pada tanggal 14 Februari 2018, telah terjadi hujan ekstrem di wilayah Padang, Sumatera Barat mencapai 193 mm/hari. Dalam penelitian hujan ekstrem ini menggunakan data reanalysis ECMWF, data satelit HIMAWARI -8, serta data observasi permukaan Stasiun Meteorologi Minangkabau, padang. Data tersebut diolah dengan menggunakan tabel, dan gambar kemudian dianalisa secara deskriptif. Berdasarkan hasil analisis didapatkan bahwa kejadian hujan ekstrem yang terjadi di wilayah Padang, Sumatera Barat tersebut dikarenakan adanya pola angin tertutup yang terlihat di sekitar wilayah sekitar Sumatera Barat, nilai kelembaban relatif tinggi yakni basah hingga lapisan 200 mb, pola tutupan awan yang mendukung untuk untuk terjadinya hujan ekstrem, dan didukung oleh divergensi dan kecepatan vertikal juga kondisi udara yang labil di wilayah Sumatera Barat dan sekitarnya. Suhu puncak awan terendah mencapai -74,5<sup>o </sup>C, diindikasikan bahwa awan-awan yang terbentuk pada saat kejadian adalah awan konvektif yang bersifat multi sel.</p>

Specific features of estimating calculated rainfall rates with account of extreme rain showers

2021 ◽  
pp. 50-55
Author(s):  
С.Н. Волков ◽  
А.И. Житенев ◽  
О.Н. Рублевская ◽  
Ю.А. Курганов ◽  
И.Г. Костенко ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rainfall Intensity ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Extreme Rainfall ◽  
Experimental Information ◽  
Wastewater Disposal ◽  
Rain Gauges ◽  
Experimental Base ◽  
Extreme Rain ◽  
Official Data

Анализ официальных источников информации показывает, что распределение экстремальных дождей по территории происходит с учетом микроклиматических особенностей ее местности. Для оценки степени достоверности таких закономерностей в пределах мегаполисов проведены экспериментальные исследования, в которых в качестве экспериментальной базы принята система водоотведения Санкт-Петербурга, в качестве средств измерения – сеть из 34 автоматических осадкомеров, осуществляющих записи с интервалом 5 минут, в качестве экспериментальной информации – база данных результатов измерений в течение шести лет. В результате исследований установлено, что в городской среде формируется микроклимат, отличающийся от климата за ее пределами. Кроме того, в масштабах мегаполисов имеются микроклиматические зоны, в которых зависимости интенсивностей осадков от их повторяемости могут существенно отличаться. При этом отличия начинают проявляться при периодах р однократного превышения расчетной интенсивности дождей от 1,5–2 лет, а при их меньших значениях отличия не выявлены. Полученный результат согласуется с данными исследований других авторов, экспериментально установивших, что количество экстремальных дождей увеличивается в тех районах мегаполисов, как правило, исторических,в которых меньше зеленых насаждений и, соответственно, более высокая степень перегрева поверхности в летнее время. The analysis of official data resources shows that the distribution of extreme rainfall over the territory is carried out with account of the microclimatic features of the area. To estimate the degree of reliability of such patterns within megalopolises, experimental studies were carried out, where the wastewater disposal system of St. Petersburg was assumed as an experimental base; a network of 34 automatic rain gauges recording with an interval of 5 minutes was assumed as a measuring instrument, and a base was used as experimental information, i. e., a measurement data base for six years. As a result of the research, it has been established that a microclimate is formed in the urban environment that differs from the climate outside it. Besides, on a megacity scale, there are microclimatic zones where the dependences of precipitation intensities on their frequency can differ significantly. In this case, the differences begin to manifest at periods p of one-time excess of the calculated rainfall intensity from 1.5–2 years, whereas at lower values, no differences have been found. The result obtained is consistent with the research data obtained by other authors, who experimentally established that the amount of extreme rainfall increased in those areas of megacities, as a rule, historical ones, where fewer green spaces are located, and, accordingly, a higher degree of surface overheating in summer is recorded.

scholarly journals A synthetic view of rainfall intensification in the West African Sahel

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillaume Chagnaud ◽  
Geremy Panthou ◽  
Theo Vischel ◽  
Thierry Lebel
Keyword(s):  
Decadal Variability ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Daily Rainfall ◽  
Extreme Value Distribution ◽  
Extreme Rainfall ◽  
West African ◽  
Rainfall Regime ◽  
The West ◽  
West African Sahel ◽  
African Sahel

Abstract The West African Sahel has been facing for more than 30 years an increase in extreme rainfalls with strong socio-economic impacts. This situation challenges decision-makers to define adaptation strategies in a rapidly changing climate. The present study proposes (i) a quantitative characterization of the trends in extreme rainfalls at the regional scale, (ii) the translation of the trends into metrics that can be used by hydrological risk managers, (iii) elements for understanding the link between the climatology of extreme and mean rainfall. Based on a regional non-stationary statistical model applied to in-situ daily rainfall data over the period 1983-2015, we show that the region-wide increasing trend in extreme rainfalls is highly significant. The change in extreme value distribution reflects an increase in both the mean and variability, producing a 5%/decade increase in extreme rainfall intensity whatever the return period. The statistical framework provides operational elements for revising the design methods of hydraulic structures which most often assume a stationary climate. Finally, the study shows that the increase in extreme rainfall is more attributable to an increase in the intensity of storms (80%) than to their occurrence (20%), reflecting a major disruption from the decadal variability of the rainfall regime documented in the region since 1950.

scholarly journals The Characteristics of West Season Wind and Wave as well as Their Impacts on Ferry Cruise in The Kalianget-Kangean Cruise Route, Madura, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Viv Djanat Prasita ◽  
Lukman Aulia Zati ◽  
Supriyatno Widagdo
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Wave Height ◽  
The West ◽  
Wind Speeds ◽  
Wave Patterns ◽  
Time Stamps ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Two Peaks ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Descriptive Statistical Analysis

The wind and wave conditions in the waters of the Kalianget-Kangean cruise route in the west season are relatively high so that these winds and waves can have a dangerous impact on that cruise route. The aim of this research was to analyze the characteristics of wind speed and wave height over a 10 year period (2008-2017), as well as to evaluate the weekly patterns for three months (December 2017-February 2018). These time stamps represent the west season in waters at Kalianget-Kangean route, and to identify the impact of winds and wave on this path. The method used in this research is descriptive statistical analysis to obtain the mean and maximum values ​​of wind speed and wave height. Wind and wave patterns were analyzed by WRPlot and continued with mapping of wind and wave patterns in the waters of Kalianget-Kangean and its surroundings. The data used was obtained from the Meteorology, Climatology and Geophysics Agency. The results show wind and wave characteristics with two peaks formed regularly between 2008-2017, marking the west and east monsoons. In addition, the wind speed and wave height were generally below the danger threshold, ie <10 knots and <2 m, respectively. However, there are exceptions in the west season, especially at the peak in January, where the forces are strengthened with a steady blowing direction. The maximum wind speed reaches and wave height reaches 29 knots and 6.7 m, respectively. The weekly conditions for both parameters from December 2017 to February 2018 were relatively safe, for sailing. Moreover, January 23-29, 2018 featured extreme conditions estimated as dangerous for cruise due to the respective maximum values of 25 knots and 3.8 m recorded. The channel is comparably safe, except during the western season time in December, January, February, characterized by wind speeds and wave height exceeding 21 knots and 2.5 m, correspondingly.

scholarly journals RANCANG BANGUN APLIKASI SISTEM PENDUKUNG KEPUTUSAN SELEKSI PEMILIHAN DESTINASI PARIWISATA SUMATERA BARAT MENGGUNAKAN METODE ELECTRE

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Dony Novaliendry ◽  
Yuli Pusparani
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Programming Language ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
The West ◽  
Tourist Attractions ◽  
Marine Tourism ◽  
West Sumatra ◽  
Beach Tourism ◽  
The Web

Tourism is one of the activities carried out by humans that has a purpose as entertainment. Human who travel are referred to as tourist. West Sumatra Province is one of the regions with the best tourism is sea tourism and land tourism. Marine tourism consists of beach tourism, island tourism and lake tourism, while mainland tourism consists of tourist panorama, mountain tours, hill tours and others. However, only a portion of West Sumatra's tourist attractions are known to tourists, because of this information is obtained so that there are still many tourist attractions in West Sumatra unknown to tourists from outside the West Sumatra region. To overcome this problem, a system is needed that can be used to support the electoral decision-making process in West Sumatra. This system is built on the Web, using the PHP programming language and Laravel Framework and MySQL as a Database. The method used in this system is the Elimination of Et Choix Traduisant la Realite (ELECTRE). The use of Elimination Et Choix Traduisant la REalite (ELECTRE) can help provide information in West Sumatra, which is in accordance with the wishes of tourists according to the specified criteria. With the help of this system, the information obtained will make it easier for tourists to find tourist attractions.

scholarly journals Welfare State Policy Model as A Poverty Reduction Strategy in the West Sumatra Districts and Cities

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 227
Author(s):  
Azwar Azwar Azwar ◽  
Emeraldy Chatra ◽  
Zuldesni Zuldesni
Keyword(s):  
Social Policy ◽  
Welfare State ◽  
State Model ◽  
The West ◽  
Policy Model ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The Social ◽  
West Sumatra ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Welfare State

Poverty is one of the social problems that the government can never completely solve. As a result, other, more significant social issues arise and cause social vulnerability, such as conflict and crime. As a province that is experiencing rapid growth in the last ten years, the West Sumatra find difficulty to overcome the number of poor people in several districts and cities.  The research outcomes are the models and forms of social policy made by West Sumatra regencies and cities governments in improving the welfare of poor communities. It is also covering the constraints or obstacles to the implementation of social policy and the selection of welfare state models for the poor in some districts and municipalities of West Sumatra. This research is conducted qualitatively with a sociological approach that uses social perspective on searching and explaining social facts that happened to needy groups. Based on research conducted that the social policy model adopted by the government in responding to social problems in the districts and cities of West Sumatra reflects the welfare state model given to the poor. There is a strong relationship between the welfare state model and the form of social policy made by the government.

scholarly journals Reconstruction post disaster responsive gender in West Sumatra

2021 ◽  
Vol 331 ◽  
pp. 04009
Author(s):  
Mediana desfita ◽  
Djendrius
Keyword(s):  
Natural Disaster ◽  
Disaster Management ◽  
Disaster Preparedness ◽  
Disaster Response ◽  
The West ◽  
Loss Of Life ◽  
West Sumatra ◽  
Culture Of Prevention ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Post Disaster

Indonesia is one of the very prone countries to disaster. The tsunami and earthquake disasters caused enormous damage to property and infrastructure as well as loss of life. An earthquake on September 30, 2009, measuring 7.9 on the Richter scale struck the west coast of Sumatra, causing loss of life and damage to infrastructure. There were around 1,115 people killed, 1,214 seriously injured and 1,688 people lightly injured. A comprehensive study of natural disaster management activities or systems should be used as learning materials to form a disaster management system. Disaster preparedness by minimizing vulnerability has been identified as a better approach to dealing with disasters than post-disaster response. Creating a culture of prevention is critical to dealing with everyday hazards and the consequences of disasters. The study is using data from a natural disaster in west Sumatra, and data from people who were involved in the process of reconstruction post disasters in west Sumatra. This study aims to obtain an accurate description of the reconstruction post-disaster and relation with responsive gender activities in West Sumatra, and identify how the gender effect on reconstruction post-disaster in the West Sumatra region.

scholarly journals Upaya Penanggulangan Pandemi Covid-19 di Panti Asuhan Al-Falah, Padang

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-118
Author(s):  
Refinel Refinel ◽  
Emriadi Emriadi ◽  
Safni Safni ◽  
Mai Efdi ◽  
Syukri Syukri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Foster Children ◽  
Boarding School ◽  
Learning Activities ◽  
Daily Activities ◽  
The West ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
West Sumatra ◽  
Rapid Transmission ◽  
Staple Foods ◽  
The Impact

The Islamic Boarding School and Orphanage Al-Falah Padang are located on Bypass Km 16, behind the West Sumatra TVRI office. Al-Falah Boarding School has 367 students, 265 of them are foster children in the Orphanage. Inadequate construction and classrooms, the students and foster children of the Islamic Boarding School and the Al-Falah Orphanage studied and lived their daily lives. The occurrence of the Covid-19 pandemic certainly affected the daily activities and learning activities of the orphanage children. Especially, the fulfillment of their basic needs. Moreover, the main problem of Covid-19 is not only about the effects by the virus on sufferers but also about its rapid transmission. Therefore, to help the crisis due to Covid-19, several lecturers and students from the Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Universitas Andalas (Unand) provided staple foods, money, masks, hand sanitizers, and disinfectants for residents of the Al-Falah Padang orphanage. It is hoped that can help the residents of the Al-Falah orphanage who certainly feel the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Performance of CFSR Reanalysis Data Set for Estimating Potential Evapotranspiration (PET) in Turkey

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
AHMET IRVEM ◽  
Mustafa OZBULDU
Keyword(s):  
Potential Evapotranspiration ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Reanalysis Data ◽  
Actual Evapotranspiration ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Reanalysis Dataset ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Climate Forecast System Reanalysis ◽  
Mountainous Regions ◽  
Weather Stations

Abstract Evapotranspiration is an important parameter for hydrological, meteorological and agricultural studies. However, the calculation of actual evapotranspiration is very challenging and costly. Therefore, Potential Evapotranspiration (PET) is typically calculated using meteorological data to calculate actual evapotranspiration. However, it is very difficult to get complete and accurate data from meteorology stations in, rural and mountainous regions. This study examined the availability of the Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR) reanalysis data set as an alternative to meteorological observation stations in the computation of potential annual and seasonal evapotranspiration. The PET calculations using the CFSR reanalysis dataset for the period 1987-2017 were compared to data observed at 259 weather stations observed in Turkey. As a result of the assessments, it was determined that the seasons in which the CFSR reanalysis data set had the best prediction performance were the winter (C'= 0.76 and PBias = -3.77) and the autumn (C' = 0.75 and PBias = -12.10). The worst performance was observed for the summer season. The performance of the annual prediction was determined as C'= 0.60 and PBias = -15.27. These findings indicate that the results of the PET calculation using the CFSR reanalysis data set are relatively successful for the study area. However, the data should be evaluated with observation data before being used especially in the summer models.

scholarly journals The Use of Laser Precipitation Monitor (LPM) of Disdrometer and Weather Radar to Determine the Microphysics Characteristics of Extreme Rainfall in Jakarta. (Jakarta Flood Case Study February 25, 2020)

2021 ◽  
Vol 893 (1) ◽  
pp. 012017
Author(s):  
I D G A Putra ◽  
A Sopaheluwakan ◽  
B P Adi ◽  
K A Sudama ◽  
J Rizal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extreme Rainfall ◽  
Weather Radar ◽  
Heavy Rain ◽  
Maximum Diameter ◽  
Convective Clouds ◽  
Data Volume ◽  
Accumulated Rainfall ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Heavy rains on February 24, 2020, caused flooding in most parts of Jakarta and its surroundings. The one-day observation of accumulated rainfall from the Laser Precipitation Monitor (LPM) was recorded at 358.6 mm/day at the Kemayoran station on February 25, 2020, at 00.00 UTC (07.00 Jakarta Time). In this study, analysis of the microphysical characteristics of extreme rainfall using LPM installed at Kemayoran meteorology station and weather radar at Cengkareng meteorology station with a spatial radius of 250 km. LPM is used to measure the diameter of the raindrops, the velocity of falling raindrops, LPM reflectivity, and the amount of accumulated rainfall with time resolution per minute and stored in excel data format. While the weather radar is used to measure the reflectivity spatially and temporally in the data volume format (.vol). The method used is, first, to find the relationship between LPM reflectivity and the amount of LPM rainfall with regression analysis. Second, the radar reflectivity is converted into estimated rainfall intensity for the Jakarta area and its surroundings. The results of this study found a relationship between LPM reflectivity (X) and rainfall accumulation LPM (Y) to form a regression relationship with the formula Y = 0.013X with R2 = 0.3777. Based on the record of the LPM time series, the peak of rainfall occurred at 18.17 UTC with 1000 raindrops, the maximum fall speed was 10 m/s, and the maximum diameter is 8.5 millimeters. Based on the results of microphysical measurements of LPM, spatial plots, and vertical cross-section radar, it can be concluded that flooding in Jakarta is due to heavy rain from convective clouds.

A Physically Based Algorithm for Non-Blackbody Correction of Cloud-Top Temperature and Application to Convection Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 53 (7) ◽  
pp. 1844-1857 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunpeng Wang ◽  
Zhengzhao Johnny Luo ◽  
Xiuhong Chen ◽  
Xiping Zeng ◽  
Wei-Kuo Tao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brightness Temperature ◽  
Weighting Function ◽  
Convective Cloud ◽  
Transfer Model ◽  
Height Range ◽  
Convective Clouds ◽  
Physically Based ◽  
Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Cloud Top Temperature

AbstractCloud-top temperature (CTT) is an important parameter for convective clouds and is usually different from the 11-μm brightness temperature due to non-blackbody effects. This paper presents an algorithm for estimating convective CTT by using simultaneous passive [Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)] and active [CloudSat + Cloud–Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO)] measurements of clouds to correct for the non-blackbody effect. To do this, a weighting function of the MODIS 11-μm band is explicitly calculated by feeding cloud hydrometer profiles from CloudSat and CALIPSO retrievals and temperature and humidity profiles based on ECMWF analyses into a radiation transfer model. Among 16 837 tropical deep convective clouds observed by CloudSat in 2008, the averaged effective emission level (EEL) of the 11-μm channel is located at optical depth ~0.72, with a standard deviation of 0.3. The distance between the EEL and cloud-top height determined by CloudSat is shown to be related to a parameter called cloud-top fuzziness (CTF), defined as the vertical separation between −30 and 10 dBZ of CloudSat radar reflectivity. On the basis of these findings a relationship is then developed between the CTF and the difference between MODIS 11-μm brightness temperature and physical CTT, the latter being the non-blackbody correction of CTT. Correction of the non-blackbody effect of CTT is applied to analyze convective cloud-top buoyancy. With this correction, about 70% of the convective cores observed by CloudSat in the height range of 6–10 km have positive buoyancy near cloud top, meaning clouds are still growing vertically, although their final fate cannot be determined by snapshot observations.

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