scholarly journals Pemanfaatan Briket Arang Tempurung Kelapa Sebagai Sumber Energi Alternatif

Sarwahita ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (01) ◽  
pp. 81-84
Author(s):  
Esmar Budi
Keyword(s):  
Urban Communities ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Urban Community ◽  
Cocos Nucifera ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Coconut Shell ◽  
Shell Waste ◽  
Global Problems ◽  
Cooking Water

ABSTRACT: The use of charcoal briquettes contributes to the reduction of dependence on petroleum and gas fuels, especially for small urban communities while at the same time supporting the utilization of coconut shell waste as fuel. Consumption of coconut (cocos nucifera), especially as a coconut milk in Jakarta is large enough to contribute to produce coconut shell waste in the market. Generally, coconut shell waste has been used as charcoal fuel. However, the formation of coconut shell charcoal briquettes provides advantages over charcoal such as not smoky, clean and easy to pack. Furthermore, the utilization of coconut shell charcoal briquette is in line with the solution of current global problems related to pollution (pollution), alternative energy and environmentally friendly technologies. Therefore, the increased understanding and awareness through the use of briquettes, especially for the small urban community through training the formation and use of coconut shell charcoal briquettes as fuel need to be done so that the function and its objectives are achieved. The training was conducted with the number of participants of approximately 20 people also involve students as the spearhead in providing understanding and awareness using the workshop facility of coconut shell charcoal briquette's formation at FMIPA Universitas Negeri Jakarta. The training includes the formation of coconut shell charcoal briquettes from coconut shell removal, burning (pyrolysis), grinding to printing and drying (drying). Then tested the use of briquettes for cooking water.   ABSTRAK: Penggunaan briket arang tempurung memberikan kontribusi pada pengurangan ketergantungan pada bahan bakar minyak dan gas khususnya bagi masyarakat kecil di perkotaan dan pada saat yang bersamaan mendukung pemanfaatan sampah tempurung kelapa sebagai bahan bakar. Konsumsi buah kelapa (cocos nucifera) tua khususnya sebagai santan di Jakarta cukup besar sehingga turut andil dalam menghasilkan sampah tempurung kelapa di pasar. Umumnya sampah tempurung kelapa telah dimanfaatkan sebagai arang bahan bakar. Namun demikian pembentukan briket arang tempurung kelapa memberikan kelebihan dibandingkan arang seperti tidak berasap, bersih dan mudah kemas. Lebih jauh pemanfaatan briket arang tempurung kelapa sejalan dengan penyelesaian permasalahan global saat ini yang berkaitan dengan polusi (pencemaran), energi alternatif dan teknologi yang ramah lingkungan. Untuk itu peningkatan pemahaman dan kesadaran akan penggunaan briket khususnya bagi masyarakat kecil perkotaan melalui pelatihan pembentukan dan penggunaan briket arang tempurung kelapa sebagai bahan bakar perlu dilakukan agar fungsi dan tujuannya tercapai. Pelatihan yang dilaksanakan dengan jumlah peserta kurang lebih 20 orang juga melibatkan mahasiswa sebagai ujung tombak dalam memberikan pemahaman dan kesadaran tersebut dengan menggunakan fasilitas bengkel pembentukan briket arang tempurung kelapa di FMIPA Universitas Negeri Jakarta. Pelatihan meliputi proses pembentukan briket arang tempurung kelapa mulai dari pembersihan tempurung kelapa, pembakaran (pirolisis), penggilingan hingga pencetakan dan penjemuran (pengeringan). Kemudian dilakukan uji coba pemakaian briket untuk memasak air.Kata Kunci: arang tempurung kelapa, briket, pirolisis, pembakaran.

Characterization of Waste into Liquid Smoke from Wood Powder and Coconut Shell (Cocos nucifera)

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dewi Ermaya
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Cocos Nucifera ◽  
Coconut Milk ◽  
Coconut Shell ◽  
Wood Powder ◽  
Liquid Smoke ◽  
Carbon Compounds ◽  
Shell Waste

Liquid smoke is the result of condensation or condensation from the steam resulting from pyrolysis (combustion). From ingredients that contain lotsof lignin, cellulose, hemicellulose and carbon compounds which can be used as preservatives. Sawdust and coconut shell are sawdust, which is waste from the remains of refining wood on furniture and market waste from coconuts which are taken from coconut milk and oil. Both contain cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, these ingredients can be made into liquid smoke. The purpose of this study was to utilize sawdust and shell waste as liquid smoke which could be applied to the pickling and clumping industry. Making liquid smoke is done using a pyrolysis device. The liquid smoke formed is filtered. Then the yield was calculated and analyzed the quality of the liquid smoke, namely specific gravity, pH, and color. The results showed that the yield of sawdust was higher than coconut shell, namely 45.09%. And the resulting color is better sawdust.

scholarly journals Kelayakan Geosite dan Geomorphosite Kawasan Desa Wisata Limbasari sebagai Potensi Geowisata Desa Limbasari

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 109
Author(s):  
Huzaely Latief Sunan ◽  
Widhiatmoko Herry Purnomo ◽  
Nur Chasanah ◽  
Gito Sugiyanto ◽  
Tigar Putri Adhiana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Communities ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Tourist Destination ◽  
Geological Process ◽  
Educational Activities ◽  
Tourist Attractions ◽  
Mountain Landscape ◽  
Cultural Sites ◽  
The Rich ◽  
The Village

Desa Limbasari secara geografis terletak di Kecamatan Bobotsari Kabupaten Purbalingga. Desa Limbasari merupakan salah satu desa wisata yang baru di Kabupaten Purbalingga. Desa ini mempunyai potensi yang besar untuk dikembangkan sebagai destinasi wisata dalam segi wisata kebumian dan geoheritage. Daya tarik wisata yang ada berupa River Tubing, landscape pegunungan batuan gunung api yang terdapat batu jasper hijau �nogo sui�, dan situs kebudayaan prasejarah. Di samping itu keunikan budaya serta sejarah masyarakat juga menjadi daya tarik bagi masyarakat perkotaan. Tujuan dari pengabdian masyarakat adalah mengulas kelayakan geosite dan geomorphosite di Desa Limbasari sebagai sebuah solusi bagaimana memanfaatkan kekayaan geologi beserta berbagai dinamikanya untuk kegiatan wisata edukasi dan ekonomi yang berwawasan lingkungan. Metode yang digunakan adalah pemetaan potensi geologi sebagai kawasan wisata, inventarisasi pada lokasi yang mempunyai cagar budaya dan sejarah serta wawancara dengan pihak terkait dan studi literatur. Dari hasil kelayakan di kawasan wisata Limbasari mempunyai nilai kelayakan antara 47.5% - 73.5%. Dengan demikian, Kawasan Desa Wisata Limbasari, Kabupaten Purbalingga layak menjadi objek geowisata dengan aspek penilaian didasarkan pada nilai kuantifikasi berbagai keindahan antara alam dan proses geologi yang mengontrol terbentuknya obyek geowisata tersebut.Limbasari Village is geographically located in Bobotsari Subdistrict, Purbalingga Regency. Limbasari Village is one of the new tourism villages in Purbalingga Regency. This village has great potential to be developed as a tourist destination in terms of earth tourism and geoheritage. The tourist attractions are River Tubing, mountainous volcanic mountain landscape with green jasper stone "nogo sui", and prehistoric cultural sites. In addition, the cultural and historical uniqueness of the community is also an attraction for urban communities. The purpose of this study is to review the potential of Geotourism and geoheritage in the Village of Limbasari as a solution to how to utilize the rich geological and cultural sites along with various dynamics for educational activities that are environmentally friendly education and economy. The method used in this study is the mapping of geological potential as a tourist area, an inventory of locations that have cultural and historical reserves as well as interviews with relevant parties and literature studies. From the results of research in the tourist area Limbasari has a feasibility value between 47.5% - 73.5%. Thus, the Limbasari Tourism Village Area, Purbalingga Regency deserves to be a geotourism object with the assessment aspect based on the quantification value of various beauties between nature and the geological process that controls the formation of the geotourism object.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF CORROSION DEPTH PERCENTAGE ON THE INNER BOTTOM PLATES OF AGING BULK CARRIERS WITH AN AIM TO OPTIMIZE CORROSION MARGIN

Brodogradnja ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 81-95
Author(s):  
Špiro Ivošević ◽  
◽  
Nataša Kovač ◽  
Nikola Momčilović ◽  
Goran Vukelić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Metal Plate ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Corrosion Depth ◽  
Structural Rules ◽  
Bulk Carriers ◽  
Simple Conversion

To ensure the better structural integrity and maximum safety of bulk carriers in the ship design phase, an appropriate corrosion margin is introduced by the classification societies, which should enable the exploitation of ships during the projected 25-year life cycle. The new Common Structural Rules introduce even higher corrosion margin value to ensure the structural integrity of the ship. This directly affects the increase in hull weight and thus the need for more total installed power and higher fuel consumption. Higher fuel consumption results in increased emissions which directly affects environmental pollution. For these reasons, efforts are being made to introduce alternative energy sources, cleaner fuel, ship weight reduction, and the overall economic efficiency of ships. Therefore, using experimental data collected on aging bulk carriers, the paper explores the corrosion margin reduction potential considering its impact on hull weight. Assuming that the corrosive processes occur after four years of operation, a linear model that describes the percentage of plate wear as a function of the as build-in the thickness of inner bottom plates (IBP) of fuel oil tanks (FOT) located on the double bottom of aging bulk carriers, is analyzed. Over the course of 25 years, the IBP segment was monitored on 36 different ships surveys. In this way, 520 input data describing the depth of corrosion were formed. At the same time, records were kept on the mean thickness of the original metal plate, which enabled systematization of the empirical database and grouping of measured values by intervals of original plate thicknesses, and simple conversion of corrosion depth into adequate percentage values. Depth corrosion percentages were represented by standard linear models known in the literature. Based on this analysis, representative numerical and graphical results were obtained. Conclusions from the paper can assist to optimize corrosion margin and the energy efficiency of future vessels.

scholarly journals RISK ANALYSIS OF COCONUT PRODUCT MARKETING

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 138-148
Author(s):  
Ine Fausayana ◽  
Weka Gusmiarty Abdullah ◽  
La Ode Dawid
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Risk Analysis ◽  
Risk Identification ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Coconut Shell ◽  
Market Regulation ◽  
Shell Waste ◽  
Medium Risk ◽  
Product Marketing ◽  
Coconut Product

The aim of this study was to analysis the risks of coconut products marketing in Kendari City. The results of this study described risk identification in three stage of marketing of coconut product, namely (a) Five risks identified at the stage of storaging; broken coconut fruit, unsold product, fire market, theft of coconut fruits, and market regulation; (b) Three risks identified at the stage of processing; broken coconut, coconut shell waste, and damage to processing facilities; and (c) Four risks identified at the stage of selling; unsold product, non-strategic selling locations, substitute goods, and competitors. Overall, the risk on coconut products marketing was mapped at low risk. High risk was more prevalent in the stage of processing, which was caused by the risk of coconut shell waste. While medium risk was more prevalent in the stage of storaging.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Quality of Mixed Coconut Shell Waste Briquettes with Various Biomass Additives as Alternative Fuels

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusraida Khairani Dalimunthe ◽  
Sugiatmo Kasmungin ◽  
Listiana Satiawati ◽  
Thariq Madani ◽  
Teuku Ananda Rizky
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Volatile Matter ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Coconut Shell ◽  
Bamboo Charcoal ◽  
A Value ◽  
Shell Waste

The purpose of this study was to see the best quality of briquettes from the main ingredient of coconut shell waste<br />with various biomass additives to see the calorific value, moisture content, ash content, and volatile matter<br />content of the biomass mixture. Furthermore, further research will be carried out specifically to see the quality of<br />briquettes from a mixture of coconut shell waste and sawdust. The method used in this research is to conduct a<br />literature study of various literature related to briquettes from coconut shell waste mixed with various additives<br />specifically and then look at the best quality briquettes produced from these various pieces of literature. As for<br />what is determined as the control variable of this study is coconut shell waste and as an independent variable,<br />namely coffee skin waste, rice husks, water hyacinth, Bintaro fruit, segon wood sawdust, coconut husk, durian<br />skin, bamboo charcoal, areca nut skin, and leather waste. sago with a certain composition. Furthermore, this<br />paper also describes the stages of making briquettes from coconut shell waste and sawdust for further testing of<br />the calorific value, moisture content, ash content, volatile matter content on a laboratory scale for further<br />research. From various literatures, it was found that the highest calorific value was obtained from a mixture of<br />coconut shell waste and bamboo charcoal with a value of 7110.7288 cal / gr and the lowest calorific value was<br />obtained from a mixture of coconut shell waste and sago shell waste with a value of 114 cal / gr, then for the value<br />The highest water content was obtained from a mixture of coconut shell waste and rice husk with a value of<br />37.70% and the lowest water content value was obtained from a mixture of coconut shell waste 3.80%, then for the<br />highest ash content value was obtained from a mixture of coconut shell waste and coffee skin with a value of<br />20.862% and for the lowest ash content value obtained from a mixture of coconut shell and Bintaro fruit waste,<br />namely 2%, and for the highest volatile matter content value obtained from a mixture of coconut shell and coconut<br />husk waste with a value of 33.45% and for the value of volatile matter levels The lowest was obtained from a<br />mixture of coconut shell waste and sago skin waste with a value of 33 , 45%.

scholarly journals Analysis of Liquid Volatile Matters from Coconut Shell Pyrolysis by GC-MS and Its Potential as Antifungal Agent

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (7) ◽  
pp. 1728-1732
Author(s):  
Mashuni ◽  
N.A. Yanti ◽  
M. Jahiding ◽  
L.O. Kadidae ◽  
R. Djaila ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Antifungal Agent ◽  
Fungicidal Activity ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Volatile Matter ◽  
Mass Spectrometric ◽  
Coconut Shell ◽  
Phytophthora Palmivora ◽  
The World ◽  
Shell Waste

Indonesia is one of the highest producers of coconut in the world and at the same time coconut shell waste is also high. This study used gas chromatography-mass spectrometric (GC-MS) analysis for the liquid volatile matter (LVM) generated from coconut shell pyrolysis and to examine its potential as an antifungal agent. Pyrolysis was performed at 600 ºC. The LVM was 29% (v/w) and had pH 3 and 1.087 g mL-1 density. To determine chemical constituents using GC-MS, the standard NIST MS software was used. The spectrogram analysis of LVM revealed five main compounds, namely phenol (21.92%); (Z)-4-methyl-5-(2-oxopropylidene)-5H-furan-2-one (13.06%); 2,6-dimethoxyphenol (11.54%); 2-methoxyphenol (9.07%) and 2-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-cyclopenten-1-one (7.66%). The LVM showed a excellent fungicidal activity against Phytophthora palmivora at a concentration of 0.125% (v/v).

scholarly journals Reformed Churches in South Africa’s strategies for poverty reduction in urban communities

2014 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Motshine A. Sekhaulelo
Keyword(s):  
Urban Communities ◽  
South African ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Urban Community ◽  
Prosperity Gospel ◽  
The South ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Poverty And Inequality ◽  
Reformed Churches ◽  
The Church

This article investigates and outlines the strategies, which the Reformed Churches in South Africa (RCSA) can employ for poverty alleviation in the South African urban communities. By RCSA, the author refers to the local churches that constitute a familyof churches or church organisation. It is important to note that, historically, the churches stood at the forefront of giving freely to the poor, caring for widows, taking in destitute orphans, visiting the sick, and caring for the dying. Despite this long and often appreciated legacy of support for the poor and the needy, the church ceased or slowed to provide such ministry. This was probably due to the emphasis on the ’social gospel’ in liberal theology,which many churches began to view with deep suspicion. In talking about the church’s stance towards poverty, it should also be noted that, historically, the poor have suffered due to those churches that, without warrant, preach the health, wealth and prosperity gospel, incorrectly stating that God wants everyone to be equally rich. By promoting false hope about the prospects for overnight success through prayer and tithing, some of these churches take advantage of a vulnerable congregation that is often desperate for an improvement in their economic circumstances. This article investigates not only the complex of poverty and inequality in the South African (SA) urban community, but also the prophetic calling of the RCSA with respect to poverty today. The conclusion arrived at is that poverty and inequality persist in the urban community whilst the church, both as institution and organism, should be able to study and respond positively to the dynamics involved in urban poverty.Die Gereformeerde Kerke in Suid Afrika (GKSA) se strategieë vir armoedeverligtingin stedelike gebiede. Hierdie artikel ondersoek en skets die strategieë wat die GKSA kan benut om armoede in stedelike gebiede te verlig. Die GKSA verwys na plaaslike kerke wat ’n familie van kerke of kerkorganisasies uitmaak. Dit is belangrik om kennis te neem van die feit dat die kerk, reg deur die geskiedenis, op die voorpunt was om vryelik aan armes te voorsien, vir die weduwees te sorg, weeskinders in te neem, siekes te besoek en sterwendeste versorg. Ten spyte van hierdie lang en meestal gewaardeerde nalatenskap aan armes en behoeftiges, het hierdie bediening deur die kerk afgeneem en is in baie gevalle gestaak. Dit is waarskynlik as gevolg van die klem wat in die bevrydingsteologie op die ‘sosialeevangelie’ geplaas is en tans deur baie kerke met agterdog bejeën word. Wanneer die kerk se houding teenoor armoede ter sprake kom, moet ’n mens in gedagte hou dat, histories gesproke, die armes as gevolg van die kerk ly – kerke wat sonder waarborg die gesondheidsen voorspoedteologie verkondig het en wat valslik voorgegee het dat dit God se wil is dat almal ewe ryk moet wees. Deur die vals vooruitsigte voor te hou om oornag deur gebed en uit offergawes ryk te word, is kwesbare gemeentelede wat desperaat was vir die verbetering van hulle ekonomiese omstandighede uitgebuit. Hierdie artikel ondersoek nie net die kompleksiteit van armoede en ongelykhede in die stedelike gemeenskappe van Suid-Afrika nie, maar ook die profetiese roeping van die GKSA met betrekking tot armoede vandag. Die gevolgtrekking is dus dat armoede en ongelykheid voortduur in stedelike gebiede terwyl die kerk as instituut sowel as organisme die bevoegdheid moes hê om die dinamiek wat deel van stedelike armoede uitmaak, te bestudeer en positief daarop te reageer.

scholarly journals Potential of Distilled Liquid Smoke Derived from Coconut (Cocos nucifera L) Shell for Traumatic Ulcer Healing in Diabetic Rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (02) ◽  
pp. 271-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meircurius Dwi Condro Surboyo ◽  
Ira Arundina ◽  
Retno Pudji Rahayu ◽  
Dieni Mansur ◽  
Taufan Bramantoro
Keyword(s):  
Ulcer Healing ◽  
Cocos Nucifera ◽  
Coconut Shell ◽  
Diabetic Rat ◽  
Natural Food ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Liquid Smoke ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cocos Nucifera L

Abstract Objective Distilled liquid smoke (DLS) is a result of coconut processing by-product that not only serves as a natural food preservative but also has a promising therapeutic effect. The healing potential of DLS derived from coconut (Cocos nucifera L) shell was investigated on a traumatic ulcer with the diabetic rat. Materials and Methods DLS was analyzed the component by gas chromatograph mass spectrometry. Diabetic condition was induced by alloxan in 55 male Wistar rats. Ten mm of traumatic ulcer was made along the labial fornix incisive inferior after the diabetic condition was confirmed. Then DLS coconut shell, benzydamine hydrochloride, and sterile distilled water were applied topically for 3, 5, and 7 days. The potential healing was evaluated based on the expression of nuclear factor kappa beta (NFκB) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) on macrophages using immunohistochemical staining and the amount of collagen using Masson Trichome staining. The difference between each group was analyzed using one-way analysis of variance. The least significant difference test is used to determine the significant difference (p < 0.05). Results The major compounds found were phenol (36.6%), 2-methoxyphenol (guaiacol) (25.2%), furfural (17.8%), and 4-ethyl-2-methoxyphenol (3.5%) with 28 other minor constituents. The lowest NFκB and TNF-α expression on macrophage was observed by topical application of DLS derived from coconut shell for 3, 5, and 7 days of treatment. The amount of collagen was increased and indicated by the highest result of DLS compared to others. Conclusion The DLS derived from coconut (Cocos nucifera L) shell was able to improve traumatic ulcer healing in a person with diabetes.

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