scholarly journals A VIA DEMOCRÁTICA AO AUTORITARISMO

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 108
Author(s):  
Paulo César Nascimento
Keyword(s):  
Political System ◽  
Hannah Arendt ◽  
Transition To Democracy ◽  
Authoritarian Regimes ◽  
The Will ◽  
Hugo Chavez

Este artigo analisa as teorias de Aristóteles, Tocqueville e Hannah Arendt a respeito de como alguns aspectos da democracia como a busca do igualitarismo e o voto majoritário podem conduzir ao despotismo. Examinando os casos da democratização da Rússia pós-comunista e o sistema político da Venezuela durante a presidencia de Hugo Chavez, o texto procura demonstrar a importância das idéias daqueles pensadores para a compreensão de regimes autoritários legitimados pelo voto popular.---The democratic route of autoritarismThis article reviews the theories of Aristotle, Tocqueville and Hannah Arendt with respect to some elements of democracy such as the pursue of egalitarianism and the reliance on the will of the majority that can lead to despotism. On the basis of post-communist Russia’s transition to democracy and Venezuela’s political system under the presidency of Hugo Chavez, the article shows the importance of those thinker’s insights to understand current authoritarian regimes which rely on popular vote.keywords: democracy, autoritarian regimes, voting.

scholarly journals SOUTH KOREAN LEADERS IN THE POLITICS OF DEMOCRATIZATION

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 147-168
Author(s):  
Grażyna STRNAD
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Political Development ◽  
Political System ◽  
Political Leadership ◽  
Authoritarian Regimes ◽  
Political Leaders ◽  
South Korean ◽  
Late Twentieth

This article aims to show the process of formation and operation (functioning) of the changing political system of South Korea. It is undertaken for the analysis of the process of the collapse of the former authoritarian political system and formation of South Korean democracy. Indicated in this article are the roles and participation of political leaders (Chun Doo Hwan, Roh Tae Woo, Kim Young Sam, and Kim Dae Jung) in the process of intense political change that took place in South Korea from the 1980s to the late twentieth century.During the authoritarian regimes of South Korea, the nation recorded spectacular economic development, but without political development. Political leadership in the democratization of the country was still authoritarian. Core values and attitudes of politicians pointed to the presence of the cultural heritage of Confucianism in politics.

scholarly journals A Starving Revolution: ID Cards and Food Rationing in Bolivarian Venezuela

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (3/4) ◽  
pp. 590-595 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose Ragas
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Database System ◽  
Authoritarian Regimes ◽  
Bolivarian Revolution ◽  
Surveillance Technology ◽  
Identity Card ◽  
The Government ◽  
Identity Cards ◽  
Hugo Chavez

In this essay, I examine the controversy around the “Carnet de la Patria,” a national identity card issued in Venezuela in December 2016. I argue that this ID card belongs to a larger project of surveillance and regulation of identity developed by the Bolivarian Revolution and implemented by the late Hugo Chavez and continued by current president Nicolas Maduro. Amid its worst economic crisis, the government claims that the new ID card will allow citizens a better access to goods from supermarkets, replacing the fingerprint system (“captahuella”) that provoked massive protests in 2014. Opponents to this document have highlighted the parallel with the cards that exist in Cuba (“ration books”), and the manipulation of the database system to benefit only those who support the government and are already registered in previous official databases. The Venezuelan case provides an intriguing scenario that defies the regional region addressed to provide personal cards to undocumented groups. It also provides valuable comparative lessons about the re-emergence of surveillance technology and identity cards in modern authoritarian regimes.

Carl Schmitt as a Resource for Democratic Consolidation Studies

2008 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 784-801 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zenonas Norkus
Keyword(s):  
Political System ◽  
Democratic Transition ◽  
Democratic Consolidation ◽  
Authoritarian Regimes ◽  
The State ◽  
Carl Schmitt ◽  
Democratic Regime ◽  
Institutional Dimension ◽  
Effective Use

This article is a case study of the recent impeachment of President Paksas of Lithuania, exploring the heuristic value of Carl Schmitt's extremalist methodology for research on the institutional dimension of democratic consolidation. This methodology considers the performance of the democratic regime under extreme or exceptional conditions as the test of its consolidation. As presidential and semipresidential regimes are predisposed to evolve into authoritarian regimes and delegative democracies, effective use of the impeachment procedure can be considered to be the positive Schmittean test of the state of democratic consolidation for a political system involved in democratic transition.

Populism, Heresthetics and Political Stability: Richard Seddon and the Art of Majority Rule

1993 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack H. Nagel
Keyword(s):  
Social Choice ◽  
Political System ◽  
Choice Theory ◽  
Social Choice Theory ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
Institutional Barriers ◽  
Frequent Change ◽  
Barriers To Change ◽  
Strategic Manipulation ◽  
The Will

Because New Zealand's majoritarian political system presents few institutional barriers to change, social choice theory would predict that it should experience frequent change in governments and policies. Although some periods in New Zealand history confirm this expectation, a striking exception is the Liberal era of 1890–1912. To explain the anomaly, this article applies Riker's concept of heresthetics, the strategic manipulation of decision processes and alternatives. The Liberal leader, Richard Seddon, masterfully exploited four main heresthetic devices that offer enduring insight about how to sustain a popular majority. While extending the scope of heresthetics as an explanatory principle, the article rebuts Riker's normative dismissal of populism. In terms compatible with social choice theory itself, Seddon's strategies can be interpreted as having enabled the will of the majority to prevail.

Autorität heute – mit Arendt über sie hinaus

2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Rosa Miller
Keyword(s):  
Political System ◽  
Hannah Arendt ◽  
The Political

AbstractIn her essay “What is authority” Hannah Arendt wonders whether “What was authority?” would have been the more appropriate title. This paper aims to show that authority is indeed a contemporary phenomenon and one that is taking on ever greater significance. Arendt’s work on authority is used to support conclusions that she herself did not draw. These can be useful for the understanding of authority within today’s political and civil realms. With respect to the political system of representative democracies, the paper challenges Arendt’s claim that authority has vanished from contemporary societies and points to two new figures of authority, namely the expert and the populist. It diagnoses the comeback of the old antagonism between a metaphysical and a democratic justification of authority.

Governance and the Transition to Democracy: Political Parties and the Party System in Mali

1993 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 541-562 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Vengroff
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Political System ◽  
Party System ◽  
Interesting Case ◽  
Transition To Democracy ◽  
African Countries ◽  
The Past ◽  
Head Of State ◽  
Democratic System ◽  
Ruling Party

Although many African countries have had to address pressures for democratisation and are undergoing some form of transition, Mali is an especially interesting case which could provide useful insights into the durability of democracy on the continent and elsewhere. Mali has experienced extraordinary changes in the past two years leading to the almost total transformation of the political system from a highly authoritarian régime to one which has all the trappings of a liberal democracy. Unlike most other nations, Mali was fortunate in being able to write a new constitution and hold elections without the burden of continued participation in the process by a ruling party and head of state. Therefore, the more open procedures offer a better indication of the degree to which, given the opportunity, a modern democratic system can take root in the African milieu.

Heterodox Shock in Brazil: Técnicos, Politicians, and Democracy

1991 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lourdes Sola
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Regime Change ◽  
Foreign Debt ◽  
Transition To Democracy ◽  
Authoritarian Regimes ◽  
Political Regime ◽  
The Political ◽  
Focal Points ◽  
Economic Uncertainty ◽  
Social Dimensions

The recent experiences of transition to democracy in Latin America have taken place in circumstances which suggest a need to rethink the political and social dimensions of inflation. The experience of the 1980s reveals that the once familiar road which led from an inflationary spiral and a rising foreign debt to the collapse of democracy can also be travelled by other types of regime. The crisis of the bureaucratic-authoritarian regimes, Chile apart, reflected an inability to deal with those same focal points of political and economic uncertainty. The sequence which runs from high (or hyper) inflation to political regime change may be neutral, in the sense that it is indifferent to whether the regimes affected are democratic or authoritarian.

scholarly journals The Institutional Order of Liberalization

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Amanda B. Edgell ◽  
Vanessa A. Boese ◽  
Seraphine F. Maerz ◽  
Patrik Lindenfors ◽  
Staffan I. Lindberg
Keyword(s):  
Democratic Transition ◽  
Transition To Democracy ◽  
Authoritarian Regimes ◽  
Democratic Institutions ◽  
Clear Pattern ◽  
Domination Analysis ◽  
Institutional Order

Abstract When authoritarian regimes liberalize, are there observable patterns in the ordering of reforms, and are these patterns distinct for cases that transition to democracy? While the prevailing literature tends to focus on exogenous ‘determinants’ of democracy, this letter describes the endogenous dynamics of liberalization itself. Using pairwise domination analysis, it assesses the institutional order of reforms during 371 episodes of liberalization in autocracies between 1900 and 2019. Based on twenty-four indicators of democratic institutions and practices, our findings reveal (1) a clear pattern of reform during liberalization episodes, (2) with strong similarities across outcomes, but also that (3) reforms to the administration of elections tend to develop comparatively earlier in episodes of liberalization that produce a democratic transition.

scholarly journals Regime Type and COVID-19 Response

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 152-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilan Alon ◽  
Matthew Farrell ◽  
Shaomin Li
Keyword(s):  
Political System ◽  
Authoritarian Regimes ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Regime Type ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Huge Number ◽  
Policy Suggestions ◽  
The World ◽  
Heated Debate ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

From late 2019 to the first half of 2020, the world has witnessed the epic spread and destruction of the novel coronavirus which was discovered in Wuhan, China. The huge number of infections and deaths caused by the virus, the collapse of the healthcare system and the economic consequences have few modern equivalents. While governments of all countries are responding to the pandemic, a heated debate rages about which political system, democracy versus authoritarian, is better positioned to respond to the pandemic. While the worldwide effort to contain the virus continues, we offer a preliminary comparison between democracies and authoritarian regimes in their responses to COVID-19, and policy suggestions for democracies to improve their governance and their ability to respond to crises.

Hannah Arendt and The Will

Hannah Arendt ◽  
2017 ◽  
pp. 201-224
Author(s):  
Suzanne Jacobittr
Keyword(s):  
Hannah Arendt ◽  
The Will
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