Kebijakan Insentif Untuk Petani Muda: Pembelajaran dari Berbagai Negara dan Implikasinya bagi Kebijakan di Indonesia

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sri Hery Susilowati
Keyword(s):  
Financial Aid ◽  
Land Tenure ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Policy Instrument ◽  
Young Generation ◽  
Incentive Policies ◽  
The Government

<strong>English</strong><br />Indonesia and many countries deal with decreased number of young farmers. Some measures are taken to attract youth to work as farmers through some incentive. This paper aims to review various incentive policies for young farmers in many countries and their effectiveness and their implications for Indonesia. This paper applies both descriptive analysis and cross tabulation methods. Success of financial aid programs to young farmers in developed countries is still pros and cons. In addition to the financial aid incentive policies, various supports are also provided in the developing countries for the same purpose. The implications for Indonesia to attract young generation to work in agricultural sector should be in accordance with characteristics of small farmers in this country. Learning from the experience of the government's financial aid policy to young farmers in developed countries and credit program policy for Indonesian farmers, interest rate subsidy is not the only policy instrument to attract young farmers to work in agriculture. Policies to facilitate young farmers' access to capital and land tenure are more essential besides improving business diversification in rural areas. The government should well manage industrial development in rural areas through agricultural programs integrated with other supporting services.<br /><br /><br /><strong>Indonesian</strong><br />Dewasa ini Indonesia dan negara-negara di dunia menghadapi permasalahan menurunnya jumlah tenaga kerja muda pertanian. Fenomena aging farmers dan semakin berkurangnya tenaga kerja muda pertanian terjadi dalam tataran global. Upaya untuk menarik dan mempertahankan generasi muda petani menjadi usaha yang terus-menerus dilakukan di berbagai negara. Berbagai kebijakan insentif untuk petani muda telah dikembangkan di negara-negara maju untuk membantu mereka berkarir di sektor pertanian, khususnya pertanian on farm. Tujuan makalah adalah untuk melakukan review terhadap berbagai kebijakan insentif untuk petani muda di berbagai negara dan efektivitas kebijakan tersebut, serta implikasinya bagi Indonesia. Metode analisis dilakukan secara deskriptif dan tabulasi. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa keberhasilan program-program bantuan finansial kepada petani muda di negara-negara maju masih bersifat  pro dan kontra. Selain kebijakan insentif yang bersifat bantuan finansial, juga diberikan bantuan dalam bentuk dukungan lain. Implikasi bagi Indonesia, untuk menarik tenaga kerja ke sektor pertanian perlu disesuaikan dengan karakteristik petani kecil. Belajar dari pengalaman kebijakan insentif negara-negara maju dan kebijakan di Indonesia, insentif subsidi bunga pinjaman bukan satu-satunya instrumen untuk menarik tenaga kerja muda ke pertanian. Kebijakan untuk mempermudah akses modal dan penguasaan lahan lebih diperlukan selain diversifikasi usaha di perdesaan. Untuk itu, pengembangan industri di perdesaan harus berjalan dengan baik dan didukung oleh program pertanian yang terintegrasi dengan layanan pendukung.

scholarly journals Improvement of economic policy and state regulatory mechanisms in the agricultural sector in the context of strengthening its competitive positions

2017 ◽  
pp. 7-20
Author(s):  
Taras Dudar ◽  
Volodymyr Dudar
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Economic Policy ◽  
Financial Aid ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Gradual Decline ◽  
Agricultural Producers ◽  
State Regulations ◽  
The Government

The article deals with the essential elements of state regulations in the agricultural sector under conditions of market-led transformations of Ukraine’s economy. These transformations are related to the improvement of economic policy and aimed at strengthening competitive positions of agricultural producers on the market of agricultural foodstuffs. The economic interest of business activities in the agricultural sphere is largely dependent on external factors that under market conditions have significantly changed the way of revenue generation for agricultural producers whose competitiveness in achieving profitability of goods is sufficient to allow meeting targets of sustainability in agriculture and solving social problems in rural areas. The research provides a comparative analysis of the growth rate of gross output in the agricultural sector and aggregate financial aid from the government. The analysis proves that over the last twelve years, the growth rate of gross output has outpaced the growth rate of aggregate aid of Ukraine’s agriculture. Moreover, the aggregate financial aid is characterized by considerable fluctuations, and there has been a gradual decline in its amount.

scholarly journals Implementasi Metode SMARTER Untuk Rekomendasi Penerima Bantuan Raskin Masa Covid 19

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 549
Author(s):  
Julfikar Rahmad ◽  
Volvo Sihombing ◽  
Masrizal Masrizal
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Decision Support ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Lower Class ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Decision Support Model ◽  
Head Of Household ◽  
Classic Problem ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Right

The problem of poverty is a classic problem that occurs in every country, both developed countries and developing countries like Indonesia. In every country, there are many programs carried out by the government to overcome the problem of poverty, one of which is the RASKIN program carried out by the Indonesian government. The method used to complete this research is SMARTER (Simple Multi Attribute Rating Technique Exploiting Ranks). During the Covid 19 pandemin, which is currently happening, various kinds of assistance are needed for middle and lower class people in rural areas, thus to distribute assistance, assistance distribution techniques are needed so that it reaches the right people. The SMARTER method was chosen because it is a form of decision support model used in decision making with multi attributes that will be used to solve decision-making problems. The research was conducted in Sei Beluru Village, Meranti District, Asahan Regency. In Sei Beluru Village, several criteria were obtained from direct observation of the field, namely the area of the house floor, the type of floor of the house, the type of house wall, the toilet facilities, the source of drinking water, lighting, materials. fuel used, frequency of eating, ability to buy meat, ability to buy clothes, ability to seek treatment, monthly income, education of the head of household, ownership of assets. Decision support systems using the Smarter method are able to analyze data on people who are entitled to receive Raskin assistance. The results obtained from this study are that from several prospective recipients of Raskin assistance with the specified criteria, it is found that the most prioritized alternative has the highest value of 0.603 using the Smarter method.

scholarly journals CONDITION AND MAIN DIRECTIONS OF DIGITAL ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT IN AGRICULTURAL ECONOMY OF RUSSIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Петр Акмаров ◽  
Petr Akmarov ◽  
Миршарип Газетдинов ◽  
Mirsharip Gazetdinov ◽  
Ольга Князева ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Digital Economy ◽  
Regional Differentiation ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Global Trends ◽  
Innovative Technologies ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
The Government

The description of the main characteristics of the modern stage of development of information technology and global trends in digitalization is given. A brief information is given on the state of informatization in Russia as a whole, as well as in the country’s agriculture. A comparative analysis of the level of digitalization in rural areas and urban districts is given, the main reasons for the differences are highlighted. The necessity of information technologies development in the agricultural sector of the economy, as a factor in ensuring the country’s food security and a factor in the competitiveness of domestic agricultural products, is substantiated. The features of intellectual agriculture, its benefits for producers and for the population are shown. The dynamics of innovative technologies development is given based on the digital economy in recent years with the release of lagging branches of the agro-industrial complex. The regional differentiation of digitalization of the economy among the population is shown, the interrelation of the informatization level of the population with the development of innovative technologies in the economy of the region is shown. Using the example of cellular communication development, the convergence of digitalization level in cities and villages of the country has been proved. The main problems hindering the information technologies development in agriculture and new solutions adopted at the level of the President and the Government of Russia on the development of informatization are highlighted. The most promising areas of agricultural transformation are shown, focused on the digitization of various aspects of the industry and infrastructure production and sales.

scholarly journals Fenomena Penuaan Petani dan Berkurangnya Tenaga Kerja Muda serta Implikasinya bagi Kebijakan Pembangunan Pertanian

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sri Hery Susilowati
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Young Workers ◽  
Agricultural Industry ◽  
Agricultural Diversification ◽  
Determining Factors ◽  
The Government

<strong>English</strong><br />Qualified human resources with a good commitment to develop agricultural sector is one of the determining factors toward sustainable agricultural development. However, agricultural development deals with significant issue especially reduction in the number of young farmers. This paper aims to review structural changes from perspective of aging farmer and declined number of young farmers in Indonesia and other countries. Specifically, this paper identifies various factors causing the changes and describes the policies needed to support young workers to enter agricultural sector. The method used in this paper is both descriptive analysis and cross tabulation. The results show that aging farmers and young farmers decline in Indonesia keep increasing. The phenomena are also found in other countries in Asia, Europe, America and Australia. Various factors causing lack interest of young workers in agricultural sector, namely less prestigious, high risk, less assurance, unstable earning. Other factors are small size land holding, limited non-agricultural diversification and agricultural processing activities in rural areas, slow farm management succession, and lack of incentive for young farmers. To attract youth to enter agricultural sector, it is necessary to transform youth’s perception that agricultural sector currently is interesting and promising. The government needs to development agricultural industry in rural areas, introduces technology innovation, offers special incentives for young farmers, modernizes agriculture, and conducts training and empowerment of young farmers.<br /><br /><br /><strong>Indonesian</strong><br />Sumber daya manusia yang berkualitas dan memiliki komitmen membangun sektor pertanian merupakan salah satu faktor keberhasilan pembangunan pertanian berkelanjutan. Namun, pembangunan pertanian menghadapi permasalahan cukup serius, yaitu jumlah petani muda terus mengalami penurunan, baik secara absolut maupun relatif, sementara petani usia tua semakin meningkat. Tujuan makalah ini adalah melakukan review tentang perubahan struktural tenaga kerja pertanian dilihat dari fenomena aging farmer dan menurunnya jumlah tenaga kerja usia muda sektor pertanian di Indonesia dan di berbagai negara lainnya, mengidentifikasi berbagai faktor penyebab perubahan tersebut, serta kebijakan yang diperlukan untuk mendukung tenaga kerja muda masuk ke  sektor pertanian. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah analisis deskriptif dan tabulasi. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa secara umum fenomena penuaan petani dan berkurangnya petani muda di Indonesia semakin meningkat. Kondisi seperti ini bukan hanya terjadi di Indonesia, namun juga di negara-negara lain di Asia, Eropa, dan Amerika.  Berbagai faktor penyebab menurunnya minat tenaga kerja muda di sektor pertanian, di antaranya citra sektor pertanian yang kurang bergengsi, berisiko tinggi, kurang memberikan jaminan tingkat, stabilitas, dan kontinyuitas pendapatan; rata-rata penguasaan lahan sempit; diversifikasi usaha nonpertanian dan industri pertanian di desa kurang/tidak berkembang; suksesi pengelolaan usaha tani rendah; belum ada kebijakan insentif khusus untuk petani muda/pemula; dan berubahnya cara pandang pemuda di era postmodern seperti sekarang. Strategi yang perlu dilakukan untuk menarik minat pemuda bekerja di pertanian antara lain mengubah persepsi generasi muda bahwa sektor pertanian merupakan sektor yang menarik dan menjanjikan apabila dikelola dengan tekun dan sungguh-sungguh, pengembangan agroindustri, inovasi teknologi,  pemberian insentif khusus kepada petani muda, pengembangan pertanian modern, pelatihan dan pemberdayaan petani muda, serta memperkenalkan pertanian kepada generasi muda sejak dini.

scholarly journals Prospects of Multifunctionality in Nepalese Agriculture: The Agritourism Perspectives

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-118
Author(s):  
Kumar Bhatta
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Rural Development ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Educational Background ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Sustainable Rural Development ◽  
Household Heads

Multi functionality of agriculture in the developed countries is employed as a means of rural revitalization and economic circulation. Although farm diversification in the developing countries is much more crucial, in most of the rural areas of the developing countries, it is not performed, and it is delayed. In this regard, the main objective of this study is to explore the possibilities of the multi functionality of agriculture for the sustainable rural development for the implementation of the sustainable development goals (SDGs) in the developing countries. The empirical study was conducted in two of the rural districts of Nepal called Nuwakot and Rasuwa. The author intentionally chose these districts because it is one separate area north of the capital city Kathmandu and bordering to China. Further, even though the location is nearby the capital city, and the rural villages have excessive potentials for tourism activities, the farmers are still focusing on subsistence farming without getting benefits from tourism. Based on the macro data of Nepal government and field visit, the author conducted a case study. This study explored that most of the household heads are working in the agricultural sector, which can be one of the opportunities to launch multi functionality of agriculture. However, due to their weak educational background, they are expecting external supports in terms of knowledge, technology, and more importantly, supportive policy. The federal and central government should give subsidy to the farmers so that they canstart multi functionality in their farms, which lead to sustainable rural development.

scholarly journals Determinants of Off-farm Employment Participation of Women in Rural Uganda

2019 ◽  
pp. 28-41
Author(s):  
Fang Cheng ◽  
Haisen Zhang ◽  
Nobeji S. Boniphace
Keyword(s):  
Gender Gap ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Sample Selection ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Rural Poverty ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
The Government

Off-farm employment in rural areas can be a major contributor to rural poverty reduction and decent rural employment. While women are highly active in the agricultural sector, they are less active than men in off-farm employment. This study analyzes the determinants of participation in off-farm employment of women in rural Uganda. The study is based on a field survey conducted in nine districts with the sample size of 1200 individual females. A two-stage Hechman’s sample selection model was applied to capture women’s decision to participate and the level of participation in non-farm economic activities. Summary statistics of the survey data from rural Uganda shows that: i) poverty and non-farm employment has a strong correlation, implying the importance of non-farm employment as a means for poverty reduction; and ii) there is a large gender gap to access non-farm employment, but the gender gap has been significantly reduced from group of older age to younger generation. The econometric results finds that the following factors have a significant influence on women’s participation in off-farm employment: education level of both the individual and household head (positive in both stages); women’s age (negative in both stages); female-headed household (negative in first stage); household head of polygamous marriage (negative in both stages); distance from major town (negative in the first stage); household size (positive in the second stage); dependency ratio (negative in the second stage); access to and use of government extension services (positive in the first stage); access to and use of an agricultural loan (negative in the second stage); and various district dummies variables. The implications of these findings suggest that those policies aimed at enhancing the identified determinants of women off-farm employment can promote income-generating opportunities for women groups in comparable contexts. In order to capitalize on these positive linkages, policies should be designed to improve skills and knowledge by providing education opportunities and increasing access to employment training, assistance services and loans for non-farm activities and by targeting women in female-headed, large and distant households. The government should increase investments in public infrastructure and services, such as roads, telecommunications and emergency support.

scholarly journals Land Tenure and Cotton Farmers’ Land Improvement: Evidence from State-Owned Farms in Xinjiang, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 117
Author(s):  
Bo Li ◽  
Ruimei Wang ◽  
Quan Lu
Keyword(s):  
Land Tenure ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Land System ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
The Government ◽  
Cotton Farmers ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Land Improvement

The land system of state-owned farms in China is different from that in rural areas. Whether the land tenure of state-owned farms can play a role in protecting cultivated land is an important issue for the high-quality development of state-owned agriculture in China. This article develops a dynamic model to examine how land tenure influences farmers’ decisions on land improvement. It then analyzes this relationship based on cotton farmers’ household-level data from state-owned farms of Xinjiang in China. We applied methods that take into account the possible endogeneity of the land tenure. The results reveal that the stability of land tenure in the past will not affect the current behavior of farmers for they have a relatively stable expectation of current land tenure and a high degree of trust in the government and its policies. The intergenerational transfer of land tenure is not the key factor that affects farmers’ land conservation, and the relatively long-term duration of land tenure (possibly five years or more) during their careers is more important. Our findings also reveal that non-property factors, such as government intervention (e.g., technology promotion) that alleviates the limited rationality of farmers, cannot be ignored because they played a crucial role in past land improvement when land tenure was less stable.

scholarly journals Women development in agriculture as agency for fostering innovative agricultural financing in Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (07) ◽  
pp. 18279-18299
Author(s):  
Monica Ewomazino Akokuwebe ◽  
◽  
L Amusan ◽  
G Odularu ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Tenure ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Women Farmers ◽  
Economic Evaluations ◽  
Food Crops ◽  
Substantial Impact ◽  
Nigerian Women ◽  
Liberal Feminism ◽  
Historical Factors

The significant contribution of women in agricultural development cannot be over-emphasised. Women farmers are commonly side-lined and their efforts under-valued in conventional agricultural and economic evaluations despite the substantial impact they have made in the sector. Globally, women’s contributions to the agricultural sector have been appraised as the world’s major producers and organisers of food crops where half of the world’s foods have been grown by them. In Africa, Nigeria included, women dominate and play major roles in producing subsistence crops and livestock. Their contribution to agriculture is estimated to be 65% in Nigeria. However, their contributions are undermined largely because women are often economically marginalised. Though women are food producers for most of the households in rural areas, their marginalisation has been historical. Factors hindering women from accessing agricultural financing include patriarchy, an unfavourable land tenure system that deprives women of access to collateral security in accessing bank loans and the vagueness of women’s limited self-agency. Anchored in patriarchal and liberal feminism theories, this study examines how Nigerian women are marginalised in selected spheres of agrarian livelihoods in the south-eastern parts of Nigeria. South-East Nigerian women farmers participate fully in all key stages of farming activities such as production, processing and marketing of food crops. The Igbo men cultivate mainly cash crops. Similarly, in the Northern parts of Nigeria, women are only allowed to participate in certain stages of cash crop growing but they are fully allowed to engage in subsistence farming as they are relegated to home front activities. Patriarchy limits women's access and control over land resources in all forms. Patriarchal and liberal feminism denoted that the actions and ideas of male farmers dominant over those of women has prevented female farmers the autonomy and freedom to become rational beings. This paper recommends mainstreaming of gender in the design, implementation and monitoring of agricultural policies and programmes for inclusive financing for food security and sustainable development.

scholarly journals Socio-Economic and Institutional Factors Influencing Fertilizer Use in the Punjab (Pakistan)

1975 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 397-415
Author(s):  
Abdul Salam
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Chemical Fertilizers ◽  
Fertilizer Use ◽  
Fertilizer Industry ◽  
Promotional Efforts ◽  
The Government

Application of chemical fertilizers is one of the quickest and simplest means of increasing farm production. Increased fertilizer use has been an important factor in increasing crop productivity in the developed countries and in those developing countries which have shown high rates of growth in the agricultural sector. The use of chemical fertilizers in Pakistan started in 1952. With the introduction of fertilizer-responsive seeds for wheat and rice crops, and the availability of additional irrigation water from the installation of private and public tubewells, the use of fertilizers has become increasingly popular. The farmers were further encouraged to increase the use of fertilizers by a sub¬stantial price subsidy and the promotional efforts by the government and the fertilizer industry in Pakistan. Despite the promotional efforts by the government and fertilizer industry, the application rate of fertilizer in Pakistan remains one of the lowest, even when compared with the fertilizer use levels in other developing countries. During 1970-71, fertilizer use per hectare of arable land in Pakistan was 15.1 nutrient kilograms. During the same period the rate of fertilizer use in the Philippines, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Siouth Korea and Japan was 25.2, 47.3, 243.6,

scholarly journals The Paradigm of Village Development in South Sulawesi in Utilizing Village Funds in the Agricultural Sector

2021 ◽  
Vol 921 (1) ◽  
pp. 012003
Author(s):  
N Zaman ◽  
D Rukmana ◽  
I M Fahmid ◽  
M H Jamil
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
National Level ◽  
Main Concern ◽  
South Sulawesi ◽  
Ecological Development ◽  
Village Communities ◽  
The Government ◽  
Development Paradigm ◽  
The Village

Abstract Social, economic and ecological development in rural areas is currently the main concern of the Indonesian Government at the national level. This study aims to determine the extent to which village funds are used by the government and village communities for the development of the agricultural sector and the application of the development paradigm in the agricultural sector. The population in this study were all villages in South Sulawesi that received Village Fund assistance from 2015 to 2019. Sampling was based on village classifications according to the Developing Village Index (IDM). Based on the results of the analysis method, it shows that the Village Fund can only be used to fund two of the four activity sectors that can be financed from the Village Fund in the agricultural sector, namely the development sector and the rural empowerment sector. Public. Whereas the application of the development paradigm in each village is based on the village classification using the Village Fund in the agricultural sector, namely: 1) The village is very backward adopting the Post-Structuralist paradigm. 2) under developed villages adopt the Post-Structuralist paradigm. 3) Building the village by adopting the Liberal paradigm. 4) developed villages adopt a liberal a paradigm. 5) independent villages adopt a liberal paradigm.

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