scholarly journals Swasembada Beras Berkelanjutan: Dilema antara Stabilisasi Harga dan Distribusi Pendapatan

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Sri Nuryanti
Keyword(s):  
Market Failure ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Agricultural Investment ◽  
Rice Market ◽  
Oligopolistic Market ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Support Mechanisms ◽  
Rice Policy ◽  
The Government ◽  
Oligopolistic Market Structure

<p>Like other Asian countries, Indonesia tries to achieve rice self-sufficiency. To improve farmers’ competitiveness through agricultural investment and infrastructure, the government intervenes the rice market through subsidies, tariff import, and other support mechanisms for domestic producers. These interventions aims to improve farmers’ welfare and to maintain retail price. Rice is a staple food and it also has social and economic roles. Furthermore, rice is a political good. Rice self-sufficiency makes the country look improved and developed.  The government takes measures to achieve rice self-sufficiency. The study aims to review rice policy implementation along with the self-sufficiency achievement by elaborating policy intervention and its implication in the market. Results of the study showed that involvement of state-owned companies in rice market could minimize market failure, but it encouraged an oligopolistic market structure and biased rice policy toward certain interest group. Shifting orientation of rice policy from price stabilization to income distribution might encourage a better rice market toward sustainable rice self-sufficiency.</p><p> </p><p>Abstrak</p><p>Indonesia hendak mencapai swasembada pangan khususnya beras sebagaimana negara Asia yang lain. Dalam rangka mendorong daya saing petani melalui investasi dan infrastruktur pertanian, pemerintah melakukan intervensi pasar beras melalui beragam subsidi, tarif, dan mekanisme bantuan lain untuk produsen domestik.  Intervensi ini pada dasarnya bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pendapatan produsen dan menjaga stabilitas harga di tingkat konsumen. Beras tidak saja berperan sebagai bahan makanan semata, melainkan juga mempunyai peran sosial dan ekonomi di dalam masyarakat. Peran tersebut membuat beras jauh lebih penting dibandingkan bahan pangan yang lain. Keyakinan bahwa dengan swasembada beras membuat negara tampak unggul dan maju. Oleh karena itu, berbagai kebijakan beras diimplementasikan guna mencapai target swasembada. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji ulang implementasi kebijakan perberasan dalam rangka pencapaian swasembada dengan menelaah intervensi kebijakan beserta implikasinya terhadap pasar. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa keterlibatan Badan Usaha Milik Negara di dalam pasar beras dapat mengurangi kegagalan pasar, meskipun keberadaannya membuat struktur pasar cenderung oligopolistik dan kebijakan beras menjadi bias kepada kelompok kepentingan tertentu. Pergeseran orientasi kebijakan beras dari stabilisasi harga ke distribusi pendapatan memungkinkan ke arah pasar beras yang lebih baik menuju swasembada beras yang berkelanjutan.</p>

scholarly journals POLITICAL ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF RICE SELF-SUFFICIENCY IN INDONESIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 77
Author(s):  
Sri Nuryanti ◽  
Dedi Budiman Hakim ◽  
Hermanto Siregar ◽  
M. Husein Sawit
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Market Failure ◽  
Annual Data ◽  
Economic Rent ◽  
Dead Weight ◽  
Political Preference ◽  
Government Failure ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
The Government ◽  
Political Economic

<p class="abstrakinggris">Rice self-sufficiency is an important programme in Indonesia. The programme has four major targets, i.e. increasing production, stabilizing prices and reserve stocks, and minimizing import. For that purpose, the government gave a mandate to a parastatal, namely National Logistic Agency (Bulog) in implementing the rice policies. Some studies found that involvement of such a parastatal could lead to government failure in budget allocation. The study aimed to estimate social cost of rice self-sufficiency programme based on the implementation of rice instrument policies by Bulog. The study used the national annual data of 2002–2014 period. The method used was the political preference function model to estimate economic rent and dead-weight loss using rice price elasticity of demand and supply. The result showed that in terms of percentage of food security budget, the average of economic rent reached IDR 6.37 trillion per annum (18.54%), while the average of dead-weight loss amounted at IDR 0.90 trillion per annum (2.34%). It proved that rice self-sufficiency programme along with the involvement of Bulog was economically inefficient. The government should provide better agricultural infrastructure, review governmental procurement prices, and stop rice import policy to remedy market failure.<strong><em></em></strong></p>

scholarly journals Performance of Soybean Marketing in Emby, Tharaka Nithi and Meru Countries, Kenya

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Ambe Mercy Ngum ◽  
Eric Kiprotich Bett (PhD) ◽  
Jayne N. Mugwe (PhD)
Keyword(s):  
Marketing Channels ◽  
Oligopolistic Market ◽  
Key Informant ◽  
Marketing Efficiency ◽  
The Government ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Marketing Information ◽  
Oligopolistic Market Structure ◽  
Gross Margins ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

Current demand for soybean in Kenya exceeds supply despite numerous efforts by the government to increase production. Soybean farmers are faced with the difficulty in accessing the market reason for their reluctance in producing. Little is known about the soybean market in the central highlands of Kenya. This study was carried out with the aim to assess the structure conduct and performance of soybean markets in EmbuTharaka-Nithi and Meru Counties. Key informant interviews were carried out among soybean farmers’ groups, Ministry of Agriculture Livestock and Fisheries and soybean processing companies. A structured questionnaire was administered to processors, wholesalers, retailers and assemblers of soybean. Data was collected mainly on characteristics of respondents and marketing information. The collected data were used to calculate Herfindahl Hirschman Index (HHI), gross margins, marketing margin, and marketing efficiency. The results of the study showed that there were eight important marketing channels with channel 1 being the most efficient followed by channel 7, 3, 8, 4, 2, 6 and 5 respectively. The HHI showed that wholesalers were competitive (0.0997); retailers were relatively competitive (0.1701) while processors indicated an oligopolistic market structure with an HHI index of 0.18. Farmers groups, wholesalers and assemblers sold their soybean to processors at a fixed price (60ksh) given by the processors. Quantities traded were low with an average of 333.3kg for wholesalers, 793.33kg for assemblers and 47kg for retailers. There were no trader associations in the study area even though farmers engaged in group marketing. The study concluded that Constraints to marketing by farmers included low prices, lack of processing equipment’s, inadequate marketing arrangements, and high cost of processing.

Malaysian Homestays: The Need for Standardized Regulation

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
ROHASLINDA BINTI RAMELE ◽  
YAMAZAKI JUICHI ◽  
MD NAJIB IBRAHIM ◽  
LILIS SHEREENA SAFIEE
Keyword(s):  
Rural Community ◽  
Rural Tourism ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Government Organizations ◽  
Rural Income ◽  
Arts And Culture ◽  
The Government ◽  
Host Families ◽  
Southeast Asian Countries ◽  
Management Operation

This study aims to clarify regulations used among each type of registered and unregistered Malaysian homestays and to reveal issues arose regarding the implemented regulations. Selected homestays that are established by the government organizations and individuals were investigated to carry out the comparison on each homestay. Host families and persons in charge of the Ministry of Tourism, Arts and Culture (MOTAC), the Ministry of Agriculture (MOA), and the Ministry of Rural and Regional Development (MRRD) were also interviewed. Findings showed that there is only one guideline used for all types of homestays in Malaysia, which is the Malaysia Homestay Registration Guideline, established by MOTAC. MOTAC has also been selected as a leader of homestays in the Southeast Asian countries by the ASEAN Secretariat; therefore, the ASEAN Homestay Standard is also being referred. However, the implementation of this guideline and standard among other homestays unregistered with MOTAC (homestays established by MOA, MRRD, and individuals) is not compulsory, although encouraged, where they may receive equal benefits in term of facilities and promotion. Some issues arose due to the tax regulated by the local authorities, failure on homestays to be registered with MOTAC, and abandoned homestays. This study recommended that the Malaysia Homestay Registration Guideline to be standardized and regulated to all types of homestays, including individuals and unregistered homestays in Malaysia. This is important in order to reduce issues arose involving the homestay industry, providing safety and comfort to the tourists and, to help to develop rural income among host families and the rural community themselves.Keywords: Rural tourism, homestay, regulation, management, operation

Consumers’ Misevaluation and Public Promotion

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Atsushi Yamagishi
Keyword(s):  
Welfare Loss ◽  
Barriers To Entry ◽  
Free Entry ◽  
Opposite Result ◽  
True Value ◽  
Oligopolistic Market ◽  
Public Econ ◽  
The Government

Abstract: I analyze markets in which consumers may misestimate the true value of goods and the government can affect the valuation through public promotion. When entry of firms is not allowed, the government makes consumers overvalue the goods to mitigate welfare loss from underproduction in an oligopolistic market, provided that the promotion cost is sufficiently low. On the contrary, in a free-entry market, no matter how low the promotion cost is, the government may make consumers undervalue them in order not to induce wasteful entries despite the remaining underproduction problem. In addition, my result in a free-entry market suggests that the main finding of Glaeser and Ujhelyi (J Public Econ 94: 247-257, 2010)crucially depends on the barriers to entry and the opposite result may be obtained under free entry.

scholarly journals Economising, Strategising and the Vertical Boundaries of the firm

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dermot Leahy ◽  
Catia Montagna
Keyword(s):  
Asymmetric Mode ◽  
Industrial Economics ◽  
Boundaries Of The Firm ◽  
Oligopolistic Market ◽  
Marginal Production ◽  
International Trading ◽  
Strategic Incentives ◽  
Oligopolistic Market Structure

AbstractWe bridge the organisational economics and industrial economics literatures on the vertical boundaries of the firm by contextualising the transaction cost approach to the make-or-buy decision within an oligopolistic market structure. Firms invest in the quality of the intermediate resulting in the endogenous determination of the price of the intermediate and marginal production cost of the final good. We highlight new strategic incentives to outsource and/or vertically integrate and show how these incentives can result in asymmetric-mode-of-operations, investment and costs. We apply our model to a number of different international trading setups.

scholarly journals INDEKS PERSEPSI KORUPSI DAN PEMBANGUNAN MANUSIA TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI DI NEGARA-NEGARA ASIA TENGGARA

Jurnal Ecogen ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 681
Author(s):  
Muhammad Fajar ◽  
Zul Azhar
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Human Development Index ◽  
Fixed Effect Model ◽  
Southeast Asian ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Development Index ◽  
The Government ◽  
Southeast Asian Countries

This research aims to know and analyze determine of corruption and the human development index to economic growth in Southeast Asian countries. This research use panel least square and Fixed Effect Model. The estimation result should that corruption has a possitive and significant effect on economic growth in Southeast Asian countries and the human development Index has a possitive and significant effect on economic growth in Southeast Asian countries. From the result of this research, to increase economic growth, the government in SoutheastAsian countries must strengthen the bureaucratic and legal institutions of a country,increase the role of the government or related agencies in monitoring and crackingdown on corruption that results in lossof government productivity and allocating resources appropriately so that the creation of peace and prosperity among the countries in Southeast Asian. Keywords: Economic Growth, Corruption, Human Development Index

scholarly journals Efektivitas Program Pemberdayaan Usaha Garam Rakyat di Desa Losarang, Indramayu

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 144-154
Author(s):  
Santoso Budi Widiarto ◽  
Musa Hubeis ◽  
Komar Sumantadinata
Keyword(s):  
Gap Analysis ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Selling Price ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Colonial Era ◽  
Salt Production ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Transport Workers ◽  
Business Profit ◽  
The Government

An ironic thing that Indonesia as maritime country have insufficiency salt problem. Salt is strategic commodities that can be easily produced by evaporation of sea water and policy salts have been issued since the Dutch colonial era. In 2011 the Government of Indonesia make toward self sufficiency salt policy. This research was aimed to analyze the implementation efectivity of Salt Business Empowerment Program (Pemberdayaan Usaha Garam Rakyat or PUGAR). The research design used purposive and snowball sampling to select 70 respondents in Losarang Village at Indramayu. The data were analyzed by using Quantitative Analysis, Qualitative Analysis, SWOT and MAHP. The result showed PUGAR in Losarang, Indramayu implemented with effectiveness. This is indicated by salt production target achieved and increasing the salt farmer welfare. Implementation PUGAR make salt productivity in Losarang 90,43 ton/ha, increasing salt farmer income, empower 17 the People's Business Group Salt (Kelompok Usaha Garam Rakyat or KUGAR) with the amount of 170 salt farmers, give technological innovation and quality salt production and give job for 778 peoples as salt farmers, farm workers and transport workers. Obtained result IFE of salt bussiness is 2,608 and EFE is 2,673. Moreover the research calculate salt business feasibility that known from B/C ratio > 1, business profit margin, appropriate salt area owned by farmers, business gap analysis of salt and break even analysis. Break even analysis to determine the selling price of the large volume of salt and salt production business people to reach the point of no profit and no loss (break even). Key words: Empowerment, Farmers, Government, PUGAR, Salt, Workers

scholarly journals Building Integrated Photovoltaic (BIPV) in Southeast Asian Countries: Review of Effects and Challenges

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 12952
Author(s):  
Haitham Esam Rababah ◽  
Azhar Ghazali ◽  
Mohd Hafizal Mohd Isa
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Southeast Asian ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Building Sector ◽  
Building Integrated Photovoltaic ◽  
The Government ◽  
Southeast Asian Countries

Fossil fuel consumption for electricity generation in the building sector is at an all-time high in line with the country’s economic growth. This scenario will increase the global CO2 emissions and large carbon footprints, thus leading to global warming. In recent years, most of the research related to the building sector has focused on the development of new techniques to reduce buildings’ energy consumption through energy conservation, energy efficiency, and the implementation of renewable energy technologies. The introduction of photovoltaic (PV) technology has become the most prominent renewable energy (RE) that can be integrated into building components. Even though the Building Integrated Photovoltaic (BIPV) has been available for decades, but its implementation in Southeast Asian countries has not gained widespread acceptance compared to European countries and other parts of Asia. This paper aims to investigate the effects and challenges of BIPV implementation in Southeast Asian Countries (Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam, and the Philippines), focusing on climate effects, the initial cost of PV technology, government policies, and initiatives. An in-depth literature review from past research, policies, and reports taken between 2016 to 2021 has been conducted and found that the environmental parameters directly influence the performance of BIPV systems and affect efficiency. This study pointed at Feed-in Tariff (FiT), policies and initiatives offered by the government in Southeast Asian countries are not beneficial and discourage building owners to adopt the BIPV technology or any other RE technology. Governments should revise the current policies to promote and attract more building owners to take part in the efforts to minimize CO2 emissions from the building industry.

scholarly journals [National Agriculture Policy (Dpn3) & National Agro Food Policy: Analysis of Rice and Rice Foundation Foods according Islam]Dasar Pertanian Negara Ketiga (Dpn3) & Dasar Agromakanan Negara (Dan): Analisis Terhadap Makanan Asasi Beras Dan Padi Menurut Islam

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-42
Author(s):  
Mohd Borhanuddin Bin Zakaria ◽  
Amir Husin Mohd Nor Bin Mohd Nor ◽  
Noor Lizza Mohamed Said Binti Mohamed Said ◽  
Md. Yazid Ahmad Bin Ahmad ◽  
Juairiah Hasan binti Hasan
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Food Policy ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Agriculture Policy ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Halal Food ◽  
Quality Of Food ◽  
The Government

National Agriculture Policy (DPN 3) 1998-2010, and the National Agro Food Policy (NAP) 2011-2020 is the transformation of the government to improve the country's food quality. However, there are shortcomings in the realization of achieving food self-sufficiency level of at least 80%. This study aims to examine the needs of basic food supplies of rice from the perspective of Islam. The research methodology used in this study is content analysis, the data were analyzed through descriptive approach with a combination of qualitative approach of analyzing the text, including the analysis of documents such as official reports, circulars, annual reports, statements of position, financial plan, reports agencies, and transcripts. The study found that the concept of jurisprudence awlawiyyah in improving the quality of food and income country emphasizes on clean and halal food products. Implication of the study suggests that the development of agricultural land on which the agency involved is Ministry of Agriculture & Agro-based Industry must be given attention. The DPN and the DAN are  expected to play a role in promoting the growth of the agricultural sector and farmers in line with the development of holistic development. Key Words: National Agricultural Policy (DPN), the supply of basic food supplies of from the perspective of Islam.   Dasar Pertanian Negara (DPN 3) 1998-2010, dan Dasar Agro Makanan Negara (DAN) 2011-2020 merupakan satu transformasi kerajaan bagi meningkatkan kualiti makanan negara. Namun terdapat kepincangan dalam merealisasikannya untuk mencapai tahap sara mampu diri makanan negara sekurang-kurangnya 80%. Kajian ini bertujuan meneliti keperluan bekalan makanan asasi padi dan beras mengikut perspektif Islam. Metodologi kajian ini menggunakan reka bentuk kajian analisis kandungan, data-data yang  dikumpulkan dianalisis melalui pendekatan deskriptif dengan gabungan pendekatan kualitatif iaitu menganalisis teks termasuk menganalisis dokumen-dokumen seperti laporan- laporan rasmi, surat pekeliling, laporan tahunan, laporan jabatan, rancangan kewangan, laporan agensi, dan transkrip. Hasil kajian mendapati bahawa konsep fiqh awlawiyyah dalam meningkatkan kualiti makanan dan pendapatan negara, menekankan produk pemakanan yang halal dan bersih. Implikasi kajian mencadangkan pembangunan tanah pertanian Islam ke atas agensi yang terlibat khusus seperti Kementarian Pertanian & Industri Asas Tani harus diberi perhatian. Dasar Pertanian Negara DPN dan DAN diharapkan agar memainkan peranannya dalam menggalakkan pertumbuhan sektor pertanian dan pembangunan petani selaras dengan pembangunan Islam secara syumul. Kata kunci: Dasar Pertanian Negara (DPN), Keperluan bekalan makanan asasi padi dan beras mengikut perspektif Islam.

scholarly journals Program Siwab untuk Meningkatkan Populasi Sapi Potong dan Nilai Ekonomi Usaha Ternak

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 125 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Rusdiana ◽  
NFN Soeharsono
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Program Implementation ◽  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Cattle Population ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
The Government

<p>Siwab or its extension Mandatory cattle breeding is a manifestation of government commitment in increasing beef cattle population, and as a target for meat sufficiency in 2026. The program is believed to lead Indonesia to achieve beef self-sufficiency in the next 5-10 years. Beef cattle can be maximized in order to produce calves, and become a government’s focused program on enhancing beef cattle production through artificial insemination (AI). Based on the above problems, the government hopes to develop the program, it should not fail the umpteenth time to fulfil meat needs of the country. The purpose of this review is to describe the SIWAB program and the economic value of female beef cattle produced by AI which produces calf. This study approach is done through literature reviews related to SIWAB program implementation. SIWAB program includes two main programs namely the increase of porong cattle population through artificial insemination of AI and natural mating (Inka). With the AI through prgram, the parent beef cattle can regulate the cow's birth well. The mother cow bunting AI results can increase the selling value higher and can improve the welfare of farmers. The government's policy to pursue targeted beef self-sufficiency by the year 2026 is achieved, but the program must be responded and done well. Government policy to boost short-term beef cattle population can help to meet the needs of beef consumption, and in the long run the economic impact of farmers.</p><p> </p><p>Abstrak</p><p>Program Sapi Induk Wajib Bunting (SIWAB) adalah perwujudan komitmen pemerintah dalam meningkatkan populasi sapi potong dan sebagai target untuk kecukupan daging tahun 2026. Program tersebut diyakini dapat mengantarkan Indonesia mencapai swasembada daging sapi pada 5-10 tahun ke depan. Sapi potong dapat dimaksimalkan potensinya agar dapat menghasilkan pedet, dan menjadi program pemerintah yang difokuskan untuk peningkatan produksi sapi potong melalui inseminasi buatan (IB). Berdasarkan permasalahan tersebut di atas, harapan pemerintah dengan mengembangkan program tersebut tidak boleh gagal ke sekian kalinya dalam mencukupi kebutuhan daging di dalam negeri. Tujuan tulisan review ini adalah untuk  mendiskripsikan program SIWAB dan nilai ekonomi pada usaha sapi potong betina hasil IB yang menghasilkan pedet. Kajian ini merupakan studi pustaka melalui review berbagai referensi terkait pelaksanaan program SIWAB. Program SIWAB mencakup dua program utama yaitu peningkatan populasi sapi porong melalui inseminasi buatan IB dan kawin alam (Inka). Program IB memungkinkan mengatur kelahiran anak sapi dengan baik. Sapi induk bunting hasil IB dapat meningkatkan nilai jual lebih tinggi dan dapat meningkatkan kesejahteraan peternak. Kebijakan pemerintah adalah untuk mengejar swasembada daging sapi yang ditargetkan sampai tahun 2026 bisa tercapai, namun program tersebut harus direspon dan dikerjakan dengan baik. Kebijakan pemerintah untuk menigkatkan populasi sapi potong dalam jangka pendek bisa membantu memenuhi kebutuhan konsumsi daging sapi dan dalam jangka panjang berdampak peningkatan ekonomi peternak.</p>

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