scholarly journals Effect of Gamma Rays on Some Stages of Development of Rhyzopertha dominica (Fab.)

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-19
Author(s):  
Baghdad Science Journal
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Larval Stage ◽  
Pupal Stage ◽  
Rhyzopertha Dominica ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Stages Of Development ◽  
Lesser Grain Borer ◽  
Normal Adults ◽  
Different Doses

The effect of different doses of gamma rays that emitted from 60Co on the development of different stages of lesser grain borer Rhyzopertha dominica (Fab.) was investigated . The results showed that the eggs in both early (1-3 days) and late (7-9) old were very sensitive to gamma rays and its hatch was zero at 10 Gy for both ages in comparison with 83.3% for the control group. Furthermore, the results illustrated that the larval stage in its two old ages were different in the radiosensitivity, the percent of its death were 100% & 96.6% when they exposed to 100 & 120 Gy, respectively. Moreover, the results showed that the sensitivity of pupal stage at age of 1-3 days was increased with increasing the doses of gamma rays, the percent of normal adults eclosed from irradiated pupae was 83.3% at the dose of 20 Gy and it became 3.3% at the dose of 200 Gy in comparison with that of the control treatment which was 93.3%.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Activity of Some Plants Extracts on Thyroid Gland Regulation in Female Albino Rats

2020 ◽  
pp. 254-265
Author(s):  
Shahad Imad Hameed ◽  
Ayyad W. Al-Shahwany ◽  
Sabah Jawad Salih
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Camellia Sinensis ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Rosmarinus Officinalis ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Coleus Forskohlii ◽  
Short Term Treatment ◽  
Different Doses

This study sheds light on various drugs of plant origin which have shown action on thyroid and its functioning as well as on the various factors associated with thyroid dysfunction. Therefore, the aim of this study is to determine the activity of the aqueous extracts of Fucus vesiculosus, Coleus forskohlii, Curcuma longa L., Rosmarinus officinalis L., Camellia sinensis L. and Melissa officinalis L. in regulation of thyroid hormones in serum taken from rats. Fifty-seven female albino rats were divided into 19 groups, each group with 3 rats, and treated orally with an aqueous plant extract in three different doses, except the control group which was treated with normal saline only. Also, a histological study was conducted on the thyroid gland after short-term treatment with different doses of these extracts. The results demonstrated that 5mg/kg of Curcuma longa was the most powerful extract which increased T3 level in a rats serum by 25% compared with the control treatment. Also, the most effective dose which increased T4 level was 1000mg/kg of Coleus forskohlii, which increased the hormone level by 7% compared with the control. Meanwhile, 1000mg/kg of Coleus forskohlii was the effective extract which reduced TSH level by 61% compared with the control. While, the extract of Rosmarinus officinalis 220mg/kg reduced T3 and T4 levels in the serum of rats by 56% and 17% respectively. However, oral administration with Camellia sinensis 1.25mg/kg increased TSH level by 10% compared with the control. The obtained data demonstrated that Curcuma longa and Coleus forskohlii, at low doses, can be very effective for completely treating hypothyroidism in rats.The findings of this study propose that the extracts may have the property to regulate thyroid levels in rats.

scholarly journals Effects of Different Doses of Gamma Rays on The Dispersal and Flight Ability Index of Mediterranean Fruit Fly Ceratitis Capitata (Wiedmann) (Diptera: Tephritidae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 910 (1) ◽  
pp. 012111
Author(s):  
Amer J. A. Al-Gerrawy ◽  
Ahmed J. M. Al-Shammary ◽  
Hayder S. H Al-Azzawy
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Flight Ability ◽  
Release Technique ◽  
Ability Index ◽  
Reverse Relationship ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Two Parameters ◽  
Different Doses

Abstract This investigation concentrated on studying the effect of gamma rays on the flight ability index and on the dispersal of irradiated males because these two parameters were very important for applying the sterile male release technique. The results of this study showed that the flight ability index of irradiated males as pupae of 3, 4 and 5 days with doses ranged from 60 to 120 Gy were highly significant p<0.05 compared with control treatment during an experiment carried out under field conditions. The results showed that there were a reverse relationship between flight ability index and gamma rays doses. Furthermore, the results of this investigation also showed that there were a reverse relationship between the mean average of males captured by the pheromone traps and gamma rays doses after 1,2,3, and 4 days from the release.

The early development of antenna and antennal sensilla in the noctuid moth, Agrotis segetum (Insecta: Lepidoptera)

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 502-503
Author(s):  
Eric Hallberg ◽  
Lina Hansén
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Early Development ◽  
Larval Stage ◽  
Pupal Stage ◽  
Agrotis Segetum ◽  
Antennal Sensilla ◽  
Noctuid Moth ◽  
Standard Procedures

The antennal rudiments in lepidopterous insects are present as disks during the larval stage. The tubular double-walled antennal disk is present beneath the larval antenna, and its inner layer gives rise to the adult antenna during the pupal stage. The sensilla develop from a cluster of cells that are derived from one stem cell, which gives rise to both sensory and enveloping cells. During the morphogenesis of the sensillum these cells undergo major transformations, including cell death. In the moth Agrotis segetum the pupal stage lasts about 14 days (temperature, 25°C). The antennae, clearly seen from the exterior, were dissected and fixed according to standard procedures (3 % glutaraldehyde in 0.15 M cacaodylate buffer, followed by 1 % osmiumtetroxide in the same buffer). Pupae from day 1 to day 8, of both sexes were studied.

Mechanism Involved in Fortification by Berberine in CDDP-Induced Nephrotoxicity

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 342-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vipin K. Verma ◽  
Salma Malik ◽  
Ekta Mutneja ◽  
Anil K. Sahu ◽  
Kumari Rupashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Renal Tissue ◽  
Isoquinoline Alkaloid ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Beclin 1 ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Single Intraperitoneal Injection ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

Background: The activation of Nrf2/HO-1 pathway has been shown to protect against cisplatin- induced nephrotoxicity by reducing oxidative stress. Berberine (Ber), an isoquinoline alkaloid, has demonstrated antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic activities in various experimental models. Aim: To check the effect of Ber on cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity and to explore the involved mechanism. Methods: Adult male Wistar rats were divided into 6 groups: Normal, cisplatin-control, treatment groups and per se group. Normal saline and Ber (20, 40 and 80 mg/kg; p.o.) was administered to rats for 10 days. A single intraperitoneal injection of cisplatin (8 mg/kg) was injected on 7th day to induced nephrotoxicity. On 10th day, rats were sacrificed, the kidney was removed and stored for the estimation of various parameters. Results: As compared to cisplatin-control group, Ber pretreatment improved renal function system and preserved renal architecture. It also diminished oxidative stress by upregulating the expression of Nrf2/HO-1 proteins. In addition, Ber attenuated the cisplatin mediated inflammation and apoptosis. Furthermore, it also reduced the phosphorylation of p38/JNK and PARP/Beclin-1 expression in the kidney. Conclusion: Ber attenuated renal injury by activating Nrf2/HO-1 and inhibiting JNK/p38MAPKs/ PARP/Beclin-1 expression which prevented oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis and autophagy in renal tissue.

scholarly journals Safety Study on Ketoprofen in Pigs: Evaluating the Effects of Different Dosing and Treatment Scheme on Hematological, Hepatic, and Renal Parameters

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
Luis Emilio Fazzio ◽  
Santiago José Raggio ◽  
Juan Facundo Romero ◽  
Juver Membrebe ◽  
Antonio Humberto Hamad Minervino
Keyword(s):  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Safety Study ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Treatment Scheme ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Biochemical Evaluation ◽  
Different Doses

A safety study on ketoprofen 10% was carried out on pigs using a different dosing and treatment scheme. Forty healthy crossbreed pigs with similar age, weight, and body condition score were distributed into five treatment groups. The pigs were intramuscularly injected once with different doses of ketoprofen: 3 mg/kg (group 1X), 6 mg/kg (group 2X), 9 mg/kg (group 3X). In addition, the 3 mg/kg dosis was administered on three consecutive days (group 1X ext.). Intramuscular injections of saline solution were used in control group (CTL). The pigs were clinically examined throughout the trial and blood samples were taken for hematological and biochemical evaluation on days −4 (before treatment), +3, +7, and +14 (the end of the trial). Any unusual behaviour or clinical signs were reported as potential toxic effects of ketoprofen. Serum measurements showed that none of the ketoprofen doses produced changes in renal or hepatic biochemical parameters, liver enzymes, or total bilirubin. Likewise, hematological assessment indicated no altered parameters or hematocrit percentage in the study groups. These results demonstrate that ketoprofen has no adverse effects in pigs when the doses and scheme evaluated in this study are applied.

Glycine and L-Arginine supplementation ameliorates gastro-duodenal toxicity in a rat model of NSAID (Diclofenac)-gastroenteropathy via inhibition of oxidative stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Akinleye Stephen Akinrinde ◽  
Halimot Olawalarami Hameed
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Therapeutic Index ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Serum Total Protein ◽  
Significant Amelioration ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Abstract Objectives This study examined the possible protective roles of exogenous glycine (Gly) and L-Arginine (l-Arg) against Diclofenac (DIC)-induced gastro-duodenal damage in rats. Methods Rats were divided into Group A (control), Group B (DIC group) and Groups C–F which were pre-treated for five days with Gly1 (250 mg/kg), Gly2 (500 mg/kg), l-Arg1 (200 mg/kg) and l-Arg2 (400 mg/kg), respectively, before co-treatment with DIC for another three days. Hematological, biochemical and histopathological analyses were then carried out. Results DIC produced significant (p<0.05) reduction in PCV (13.82%), Hb (46.58%), RBC (30.53%), serum total protein (32.72%), albumin (28.44%) and globulin (38.01%) along with significant (p<0.05) elevation of serum MPO activity (83.30%), when compared with control. In addition, DIC increased gastric H2O2 and MDA levels by 33.93 and 48.59%, respectively, while the duodenal levels of the same parameters increased by 19.43 and 85.56%, respectively. Moreover, SOD, GPx and GST activities in the DIC group were significantly (p<0.05) reduced in the stomach (21.12, 24.35 and 51.28%, respectively) and duodenum (30.59, 16.35 and 37.90%, respectively), compared to control. Treatment with Gly and l-Arg resulted in significant amelioration of the DIC-induced alterations although l-Arg produced better amelioration of RBC (29.78%), total protein (10.12%), albumin (9.93%) and MPO (65.01%), compared to the DIC group. The protective effects of both amino acids against oxidative stress parameters and histological lesions were largely similar. Conclusions The data from this study suggest that Gly or l-Arg prevented DIC-induced gastro-duodenal toxicity and might, therefore be useful in improving the therapeutic index of DIC.

scholarly journals Effects of a Trans-Galactooligosaccharide on Minerals Content of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) Tissues

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewa Ziółkowska ◽  
Joanna Bogucka ◽  
Jan Mazurkiewicz ◽  
Mateusz Rawski ◽  
Szymon Różański ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Common Carp ◽  
Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Colorimetric Method ◽  
Bifidobacterium Bifidum ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Whole Cells ◽  
Freeze Dried

AbstractCommon carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) is a dominant fish species in aquaculture, and as it is a stomachless species, absorption and digestion of nutrients take place in the intestine. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of a prebiotic on the content of selected minerals found in the meat, gills, and skeleton of common carp. The research applied trans-galactooligosaccharide (GOS) prebiotic produced by enzymatic transgalactosylation of milk lactose by whole cells of Bifidobacterium bifidum. The following diets have been applied: control diet without feed additives (C), diet 2 (B1) with 1% of GOS, and diet 3 (B2) with 2% of GOS. In the freeze-dried samples, concentrations of the analyzed metals were determined using atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). The content of phosphorus was determined using colorimetric method. The analyses confirmed that the highest level of Mg was detected in the skeleton of fish fed with 1% GOS (2.51 g kg−1) and was significantly higher compared the control treatment (2.11 g kg−1) (P < 0.05). Zn content in fish meat fed with 1% GOS (35.41 mg kg−1) was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than in the control group (24.59 mg kg−1). The tissue that accumulated the greatest amount of Zn was the gills. GOS had a positive effect on Fe accumulation in the meat, gills, and skeleton. It has been concluded that supplementation of feed with 2% GOS significantly influenced the positive correlations between Mg and P in the meat and skeleton, Fe–Ca correlation in gills, and Fe–Zn correlation in the skeleton.

scholarly journals Reoperations Following Lumbar Discectomy Are Associated With Worse Clinical Outcomes and Greater Socioeconomic Burden 3 Years After the Primary Procedure

Neurosurgery ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 66 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudius Thomé ◽  
Ali Araghi ◽  
Jason Inzana ◽  
Jonathan Stieber ◽  
Joshua M Ammerman
Keyword(s):  
Back Pain ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Lumbar Discectomy ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Closure Device ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
Socioeconomic Burden ◽  
Index Level

Abstract INTRODUCTION Lumbar discectomy patients with large annular defects are at significantly greater risk for symptom recurrence and revision. Previous studies suggest that outcomes following revision surgery are less positive than outcomes from primary discectomy. This analysis aimed to assess the clinical and socioeconomic outcomes associated with postdiscectomy reoperations and the utility of a bone-anchored annular closure device (ACD) for avoiding reoperations. METHODS This study was a retrospective analysis of a prospective randomized controlled trial (RCT). Lumbar discectomy patients with large (>6 mm) annular defects were treated with discectomy alone (Control; n = 278) or discectomy with an ACD (n = 272). Patient-reported outcomes included visual analog scale (VAS) for ipsilateral leg or back pain and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI). At 3 yr, clinical outcomes were available for 75% of the patients. Comparisons of outcomes were made between reoperated (n = 64) and nonreoperated (n = 351) patients, regardless of ACD or Control treatment, at 3 yr following the primary surgery. RESULTS Reoperated patients had significantly worse scores for ODI (24 ± 19 vs 11 ± 13; P < .0001), VAS leg pain (28 ± 30 vs 12 ± 19; P < .0001), and VAS back pain (36 ± 31 vs 17 ± 21; P < .0001). Significantly more nonreoperated patients were working at 3 yr (97% vs 84%; P < .001). Based on Kaplan-Meier analysis, the proportion of subjects experiencing at least 1 index-level reoperation in 3 yr was 11% in the ACD group and 19% in the Control group (P = .007). CONCLUSION Index-level reoperations following lumbar discectomy are associated with worse outcomes and greater socioeconomic burden in patients with large annular defects (>6 mm). These findings are consistent with reports from large registry analyses, including the Spine Patient Outcomes Research Trial (SPORT) and the Swedish National Spine Registry (Swespine). The ACD reduced the number of patients experiencing index-level reoperation by 43%.

Statistical methods for unidirectional switch designs: Past, present, and future

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (9) ◽  
pp. 2872-2882 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhuozhao Zhan ◽  
Geertruida H de Bock ◽  
Edwin R van den Heuvel
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Methods ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Sample Size Calculation ◽  
Complex Interventions ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Unified Framework ◽  
New Treatment

Clinical trials may apply or use a sequential introduction of a new treatment to determine its efficacy or effectiveness with respect to a control treatment. The reasons for choosing a particular switch design have different origins. For instance, they may be implemented for ethical or logistic reasons or for studying disease-modifying effects. Large-scale pragmatic trials with complex interventions often use stepped wedge designs (SWDs), where all participants start at the control group, and during the trial, the control treatment is switched to the new intervention at different moments. They typically use cross-sectional data and cluster randomization. On the other hand, new drugs for inhibition of cognitive decline in Alzheimer’s or Parkinson’s disease typically use delayed start designs (DSDs). Here, participants start in a parallel group design and at a certain moment in the trial, (part of) the control group switches to the new treatment. The studies are longitudinal in nature, and individuals are being randomized. Statistical methods for these unidirectional switch designs (USD) are quite complex and incomparable, and they have been developed by various authors under different terminologies, model specifications, and assumptions. This imposes unnecessary barriers for researchers to compare results or choose the most appropriate method for their own needs. This paper provides an overview of past and current statistical developments for the USDs (SWD and DSD). All designs are formulated in a unified framework of treatment patterns to make comparisons between switch designs easier. The focus is primarily on statistical models, methods of estimation, sample size calculation, and optimal designs for estimation of the treatment effect. Other relevant open issues are being discussed as well to provide suggestions for future research in USDs.

The response of pygmy bluetongue lizards to simulated grazing in the field during three drought years

2012 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa Pettigrew ◽  
C. Michael Bull
Keyword(s):  
Prey Availability ◽  
Careful Consideration ◽  
Grazing Management ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Ground Vegetation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Drought Period ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Simulated Grazing ◽  
Complex Relationships

Context Grazing by domestic stock can directly influence and shape the functions of an ecosystem. Most remaining remnant native grasslands in Australia are under some form of grazing management, with some possible adverse impacts for endemic grassland biota. For the endangered pygmy bluetongue lizard (Tiliqua adelaidensis), grazing of its remnant native grassland habitat has been seen as a potential conservation threat. Aim We aimed to investigate whether lizards altered their basking and foraging behaviour as a response to simulated grazing of the grassland habitat surrounding their burrows. Methods We used field manipulations over 3 years event by manually removing above-ground vegetation in 1 m2 around occupied lizard burrows, to simulate intense grazing events. We video-recorded lizard responses to these manipulations. We filmed lizards before and after the simulated grazing event and monitored basking and foraging response. We also simultaneously filmed a control group of lizards that were not exposed to a simulated grazing event. Key results Although overall time spent basking did not differ between treatment and control groups, the lizards spent more of their basking time completely emerged (bold basking) in the grazing treatment, suggesting they changed behaviour after simulated grazing. Perhaps they were more confident of evading predators that they could more clearly see approaching. In one season lizards made more attempts to catch prey in the grazed treatment than in a control treatment following the treatment, suggesting that grazing might enhance visibility for the ambush predation method that these lizards use. Conclusions The results suggest that grazing may produce some benefits for lizards already established in burrows. This contrasts with some previous results and suggests that management of grazing regimes requires careful consideration of the conditions currently prevalent. In this case, the study was conducted during a drought period, and different results might have emerged in higher rainfall years. Implications Grazing management for lizard conservation requires detailed understanding of the complex relationships among lizard behaviour, vegetation cover and invertebrate prey availability.

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