scholarly journals Evaluation of the Activity of Some Plants Extracts on Thyroid Gland Regulation in Female Albino Rats

2020 ◽  
pp. 254-265
Author(s):  
Shahad Imad Hameed ◽  
Ayyad W. Al-Shahwany ◽  
Sabah Jawad Salih
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Camellia Sinensis ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Rosmarinus Officinalis ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Coleus Forskohlii ◽  
Short Term Treatment ◽  
Different Doses

This study sheds light on various drugs of plant origin which have shown action on thyroid and its functioning as well as on the various factors associated with thyroid dysfunction. Therefore, the aim of this study is to determine the activity of the aqueous extracts of Fucus vesiculosus, Coleus forskohlii, Curcuma longa L., Rosmarinus officinalis L., Camellia sinensis L. and Melissa officinalis L. in regulation of thyroid hormones in serum taken from rats. Fifty-seven female albino rats were divided into 19 groups, each group with 3 rats, and treated orally with an aqueous plant extract in three different doses, except the control group which was treated with normal saline only. Also, a histological study was conducted on the thyroid gland after short-term treatment with different doses of these extracts. The results demonstrated that 5mg/kg of Curcuma longa was the most powerful extract which increased T3 level in a rats serum by 25% compared with the control treatment. Also, the most effective dose which increased T4 level was 1000mg/kg of Coleus forskohlii, which increased the hormone level by 7% compared with the control. Meanwhile, 1000mg/kg of Coleus forskohlii was the effective extract which reduced TSH level by 61% compared with the control. While, the extract of Rosmarinus officinalis 220mg/kg reduced T3 and T4 levels in the serum of rats by 56% and 17% respectively. However, oral administration with Camellia sinensis 1.25mg/kg increased TSH level by 10% compared with the control. The obtained data demonstrated that Curcuma longa and Coleus forskohlii, at low doses, can be very effective for completely treating hypothyroidism in rats.The findings of this study propose that the extracts may have the property to regulate thyroid levels in rats.

To Study the Deteriorating Effects of Lithium Carbonate on Thyroid Gland - A Study in Albino Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. 3292-3293
Author(s):  
Tazeen Kohari ◽  
Zaffar Iqbal Malik ◽  
Aftab Ahmad ◽  
Rana M. Asad Khan
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Harmful Effect ◽  
Lithium Carbonate ◽  
Diet Group ◽  
Human Thyroid ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Background: The human thyroid gland is located in the front of neck. It consists of two lobes. The two lobes are joined with each other by isthmus. The mood stabilizer Lithium Caronate has deleterious effects on the thyroid gland. Aim: To observe and report the data of the harmful effect of Lithium on the weight changes of thyroid gland. Methods: Sixteen rats were selected for this experimental study. The rodents were divided into two groups. Group A comprised of eight animals which were given laboratory diet, Group B contained eight albinos who were given Tablet Lithium Carbonate in powder form at a dose of 60 mg/day for four weeks. After completion of the study time animals were sacrificed and thyroid gland weight were recorded and compared in both groups. Results: The results in both groups were recorded and compared .It was reported that Group B animals had a highly significantly decreased thyroid weight after four weeks Lithium ingestion than Group A control group. Conclusion: The results of our study concluded that Lithium Carbonate damages thyroid glandular tissue and causes its weight to decline. Key words: Thyroid gland, Isthmus, deteriorating

scholarly journals Effect of Curcuma longa (Turmeric) on serum creatine kinase-MB and troponin I in isoproterenol induced myocardial infarction in wistar albino rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-53
Author(s):  
Sharmin Nahar ◽  
Qazi Shamima Akhter
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Troponin I ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Heart Weight ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Creatine Kinase Mb ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats

Background: The prevalence of myocardial infarction (MI) is increasing day by day in Bangladesh due to socioeconomic transition. Spices and herbs are important source of remedy for various diseases in human. Curcuma longa suggested to be used as an indigenous medicine for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease. Objective: To observe the effect of Curcuma longa in isoproterenol induced myocardial infarction in Wistar albino rats. Methods: This experimental study was carried out in the Department of Physiology, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka during 2015. Twenty one Wistar albino male rats, weighing 100 to 150 g (initial body weight); aged 85 to 100 days were selected for the study. After acclimatization for 14 days, the rats were divided into BC (Baseline control group), ISP-TC (Isoproterenol treated control group) and CLP-ISPT (Curcuma longa pretreated and isoproterenol treated group). Each group consisted of 7 rats. After experiment, on the 10th day, final body weight was taken, rats were sacrificed and blood samples were collected from the heart. The heart was removed and weighed. Serum creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) level was estimated by ELISA method and Troponin I (cTnI) level by AxSYM method. The statistical analysis was done by one way ANOVA and Bonferroni test as applicable. Results: In this study, the mean percent (%) change of body weight (p<0.01), mean serum CK-MB (p<0.001) and cTnI (p<0.001) levels were significantly higher but mean heart weight was non significantly higher in ISP-TC in comparison to those of BC. Again, the mean percent (%) change of body weight (p<0.01), mean heart weight (p<0.01), mean serum CK-MB (p<0.01) and cTnI (p<0.001) levels were significantly lower in CLP-ISPT than those of ISP-TC group. Conclusion: From the results, it can be concluded that Curcuma longa may have cardioprotective effect. J Bangladesh Soc Physiol. 2018, December; 13(2): 47-53

scholarly journals PROTECTIVE ROLE AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF AQUEOUS EXTRACT OF ROSMARINUS OFFICINALIS AGAINST TRICHLOROACETATE-INDUCED TOXICITY IN LIVER OF MALE RATS

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 420
Author(s):  
Medhat Mostafa Abozid ◽  
Hoda Ea Farid
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Liver Damage ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Rosmarinus Officinalis ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Gamma Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Group I ◽  
Glutamyl Transferase

 Objective: The current study was designed to estimate the potential protective role of the aqueous extract of rosemary (AER) (Rosmarinus officinalis) against trichloroacetic acid (TCA)-created hepatotoxicity in male albino rats.Methods: Forty male albino rats were separated into four groups of ten: Group I served as control; Group II was given AER (200 mg/kg/day) by gavage; Group III received TCA at the dose 50 mg/kg/day, and Group V was treated with AER (200 mg/kg/day) and received TCA (50 mg/kg/day). The experiment was carried out for 2 months.Results: The toxicity of TCA for rats was revealed by an elevation in liver marker enzymes activities (gamma-glutamyl transferase [GGT], alkaline phosphatase [ALP], aspartate transaminase [AST], alanine aminotransferase [ALT]) and conjugated bilirubin (CB) level, and a decrease in albumin and total protein (TP) levels. The TCA administration also caused a significant increase in the activities of catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), and also malondialdehyde (MDA) level in liver tissues. These biochemical effects were accompanied by histological indicators of liver damage. Treatment with ARE recovered the liver damage instigated by TCA, as showed by perfection of liver enzyme markers (GGT, ALT, AST, ALP), CB, TP and albumin; as well as antioxidant parameters (CAT, SOD, GPx) and lipid peroxidation (MDA) and amelioration of histopathology changes in the liver tissues.Conclusion: It could be concluded that AER supplementation for 2 months in TCA-induced toxicity in rats benefited hepatic antioxidant status and improved liver injury and damage in male albino rats exposed to TCA.

Effect of Isomers of DDD on thyroid and adrenal function in rats

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Fregly ◽  
I. W. Waters ◽  
J. A. Straw
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Chronic Treatment ◽  
Chronic Administration ◽  
Hepatic Metabolism ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
Rate Of Oxygen Consumption

Dietary administration of o,p′-DDD (2,2-bis(2-chlorophenyl, 4-chlorophenyl)-1,1-dichloroethane) at 1.0 and 3.0 g/kg food for 6 weeks increased the thyroid weight of male albino rats by 62 and 81% respectively. The rate of oxygen consumption (measured at 30 °C) and gain in body weight were unaffected by treatment. The rate of loss of 131I from the thyroid gland was significantly faster for both treated groups than for controls. These results suggest that the chronic administration of o,p′-DDD at the doses used resulted in a compensated hypothyroidism in rats. In another experiment, the thyroid weight of female hooded rats given m,p′-DDD (1.0 g/kg food) and p,p′-DDD (1.0 and 3.0 g/kg food) for 24 weeks also increased 112, 94, and 113% respectively above control weight. Ninety-six hours after the administration of thyroxine-131I, significantly greater fecal and less urinary excretion of radioactivity was observed for all treated groups than for the control group. The increase in thyroid weight of the treated rats may be associated with increased hepatic metabolism of thyroxine, but specific effects on the thyroid gland have not been excluded. Although isomers of DDD are reported to induce atrophy of the adrenal cortex and to reduce glucocorticoid secretion in dogs, no effect of the chronic administration of isomers of DDD on adrenal weight or production of either total Δ4-3 ketosteroids or corticosterone in vitro was observed in the case of rats. The rate of metabolism of desoxycorticosterone in vitro by rat liver slices was also unaffected by chronic treatment with o,p′-DDD.

scholarly journals Acute and chronic pathological effects with biochemical alteration of thyroid gland induced by NaF in Wistar rats

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 66
Author(s):  
B. M. Jwad
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Physiological Saline ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Stomach Tube ◽  
Toxic Dose ◽  
Acute Group ◽  
Group Control Group

Thirty Wistar albino rats of both sex, 1-1.25 months old (average body weight 250 – 300gm) were used. Animals were randomly divided into three groups. 1st group (acute group) n=10 given 0.5 ml. contain 500 mg/kg/body weight NaF, as single toxic dose via stomach tube. 2nd group (chronic group) n=10 given 0.5 ml. contain 150 mg/kg/body weight NaF via stomach tube daily for 60 days. 3rd group (control group) n=10 given 0.5 ml. physiological saline via a stomach tube. Clinical signs were reported during the course of the study, and then sacrificed after 3 and 7 days in 1st group, and 30 and 60 days in the 2nd group, then post-mortem examination was done, and any gross lesions were reported. Blood collected was done for biochemical examination (T3, T4, and TSH.) using special biochemical kits. Pieces of thyroid were taken, fixed in 10% formalin for 72 hours, and then all the specimens were processed and the histopathological changes were observed under light microscope. The pathological results showed hemorrhage appear in the capsular region of the thyroid gland with vacuolation in the cytoplasm of cell of a colloid with neutrophils infiltration in the lumen, as well as edema with fume cytoplasm and marked vacuolation of the cytoplasm of a colloid cell, also granulomatous lesion seated in gland parenchyma. That causes alteration of biochemical test T3, T4 and TSH in acute and chronic toxic doses.

scholarly journals AQUEOUS EXTRACT OF WHOLE PLANT OF HYPTIS SUAVEOLENS (L.) POIT: AN ANTI-ULCER AGENT

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 3187-3190
Author(s):  
Yada Deepthi
Keyword(s):  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Mucus Production ◽  
Digestive Juice ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Pylorus Ligation ◽  
Hyptis Suaveolens ◽  
Entire Plant ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats ◽  
Different Doses

The aim of current experimental study was to determine anti-ulcer potential of Watery extricate of Hyptis suaveolens entire plant (AEHS) on the Wister strain albino rats. The Watery extricate of Hyptis suaveolens entire plant (in two different doses, 250mg/kg and 500 mg/kg) was allowed for anti-ulcer activity against Pylorus ligation induced model in Wistar albino rats. Omeprazole (20mg/kg) was used as standard for the evaluation of activity. Parameters like Proportion of Ulcer protection was reckoned based on Ulcer index and Digestive juice volume, pH and acidity of gastric juice, Mucus production and Pepsin estimation, tensile strength. The AEHS with 500 mg/kg dose was shown significant anti-ulcer activity when compared with the control group.

scholarly journals Costus Root Extract Preserves Thyroid Hormones Levels, Thyroglobulin Expression and Thyroid Tissues in Rats Receiving Valproate Sodium

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 304-312
Author(s):  
Marwa Salah Mahmoud
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Collagen Fibers ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Color Intensity ◽  
Valproate Sodium ◽  
Saussurea Lappa ◽  
Group I

BACKGROUND: Valproate sodium is an anticonvulsant drug. Saussurea lappa (costus) is a medicinal plant rich with antioxidants. This research aimed to assess the protective effect of costus root extract against valproate sodium-induced thyrotoxicity.METHODS: Eighty adult male albino rats were equally divided into four groups; group I: untreated control, group II: rats were given 200 mg/kg BW valproate sodium orally and daily for 8 weeks, group III: rats were given 300 mg/kg BW costus root extract orally and daily for 8 weeks, and group IV: rats were given combination of valproate sodium and costus root extract. After 8 weeks, blood samples were collected to evaluate T3, T4 and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels. Thyroid gland samples were handled for light and electron microscopic investigation. The heights of follicular cells, area % of collagen fibers and color intensity of thyroglobulin immunoreaction were statistically analyzed. RESULTS: After being given valproate sodium as an induction, hormonal assay showed significant decrease in serum T3 and T4 and significant increase of TSH. Follicular and cellular alterations were shown by light and electron microscopes. Morphometric study revealed increased follicular cell height and area % of collagen fibers and decreased color intensity of thyroglobulin. In contrast, costus root extract appeared to have a protective role against valproate sodium-induced thyroid injury. Most of the changes induced by valproate sodium were not observed after supplementation with the plant root extract.CONCLUSION: Valproate sodium has serious effects on the function and structure of thyroid gland, and this study shows that costus root extract could have a protective effect against these effects.KEYWORDS: valproate sodium, rat, thyrotoxicity, Saussurea lappa

scholarly journals Evaluation of Cardioprotective effect of Coleus forskohlii against Isoprenaline induced myocardial infarction in rats

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (01) ◽  
pp. 17-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farogh Ahsan ◽  
H. H. Siddiqui ◽  
Tarique Mahmood ◽  
Ritesh Kumar Srivastav ◽  
Ahmad Nayeem
Keyword(s):  
Normal Saline ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Heart Weight ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Standard Group ◽  
Marker Enzyme ◽  
Coleus Forskohlii ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Coleus forskohlii is an important ancient root drug of Indian origin, commonly known as gander in indian ayurvedic system of medicine. A lot of research work has been done on Coleus forskohlii regarding various cardiovascular disorders but no work has been done to find out its cardioprotective activity. Wistar albino rats were divided into five main groups having 5 animal each: Group 1 termed as Normal control (NC) received 0.5ml of normal saline throughout experimental period and served as control. Group 2 termed as Isoprenaline group (ISO) received 0.5ml of normal saline for 28 day and received Isoprenaline (85mg/kg, s.c.) on 29th and 30th day at an interval of 24 hours. Group 3 termed as Standard group (STD) received Metoprolol (pure) (10 mg/kg/day, p.o.) for 28 day and received Isoprenaline (85mg/kg, s.c.) on 29th and 30th day at an interval of 24 hours. Group 4 termed as Test group 1 (TG 1) and Group 5 termed as Test group 2 (TG 2) received Coleus forskohlii (50 mg/kg/day, p.o.) (100 mg/kg/day, p.o.) for 28 day and received Isoprenaline (85mg/kg, s.c.) on 29th and 30th day at an interval of 24 hours respectively. The experiment was terminated on 31st day and animal were sacrificed by cervical decapitation after an overnight fast. Blood was collected for estimation of biochemical parameter and heart was dissected out for grading, heart/weight ratio and histopathological examination.the the level of marker enzyme in serum as AST, ALT, LDH, CK, Troponin-I were significantly decreased (P 0.001) in rats pretreated with Coleus forskohlii when compared to that of group which received isoprenaline alone. Further, histopathological examination showed the reduction of necrosis, edema and inflammation following Coleus forskohlii pretreatment. Based on present findings, it is concluded that Coleus forskohliil may be a potential preventive and therapeutic agent against the myocardial necrosis associated ischemic heart disease.

scholarly journals Effects of Ribavirin on Thickness of Testicular Capsule in Albino Rats

BioMedica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-129
Author(s):  
Alvia Batool ◽  
Maryam Fatima ◽  
Fozia Farzana
Keyword(s):  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Transient Effects ◽  
Mature Adult ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Mutagenic Property ◽  
Testicular Capsule ◽  
Different Doses

<p><strong>Background and Objective:</strong> Ribavirin (RBV), due to its mutagenic property, exerts cytotoxic effects on the testicular seminiferous tubules and its interstitium in various experimental animals. However, no study was done on the morphology of testicular capsule. Therefore, the present experimental study is designed to observe the transient effects of RBV in different doses on the testicular capsule thickness in albino rats.<br /><strong>Methods:</strong> A total of 72 sexually mature adult male albino rats were divided into four groups: A (control) and, B, C, D where RBV was administered intraperitoneally for 5 days in different doses (20, 100, and 200 mg/kg body weight, respectively). Group received distilled water intraperitoneally. Each group was further divided into three subgroups according to three sacrificial time points that were 20th, 40th, and 60th day from the last exposure to drug. Randomly selected rats from each group were sacrificed on every time point. Histological slides were prepared and changes were observed microscopically.<br /><strong>Results: </strong>On 20th sacrificial day, the increase in the thickness of capsules was seen in all groups with subcapsular edema in comparison to control group (p &lt; 0.001). After discontinuation of drug, histological evidence of recovery in the form of decrease in the thickness of capsule with decrease in subcapsular edema were observed in low dose groups on 40th and 60th sacrificial days as compared to high dose groups which showed late recovery on both time points (p &lt; 0.001).<br /><strong>Conclusion:</strong> The testicular capsular thickening induced by RBV is reversible after cessation of treatment.</p> <p>&nbsp;</p>

scholarly journals Acute Toxicity Assessment of the methanolic leaf extract of Annona squamosa Bark in Male Albino Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 151-155
Author(s):  
Jamila Saleh ◽  
◽  
Funsho Olowoniyi ◽  
Ekpa Emmanuel ◽  
Abdulrahman Abdullateef ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Dose Effect ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Annona Squamosa ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Different Doses

Throughout the history of man, traditional and herbal method of treatment of diseases has been used without considering the dose effect. Therefore, this present study is an attempt on investigating the effect of different doses of Annona squamosa methanolic leaf extract on male wistar Rats especially the delicate organs. The work involves oral administration of different doses (10, 100, 1000, 1600, 2900, 5000 mg/kg body weight) of the extract to groups of rats according to Lorkes method. The animals were monitored for 30 days at every 24 hours interval in order to find the median lethal dose (LD50) of the extract. Internal organ-body weight ratios (OBR) of animals in the test groups were determined and compared with those of the control group. LD50 was found to be greater than 5000mg/kg body weight without any significant decrease (p>0.05) in body weight. Biochemical analysis of Aspartate amino transferase (AST), Alanine amino transferase (ALT), Albumin and globulin of animals administered with extract showed no significant difference compared to the control groups (p>0.05) but concentration of Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) indicated obvious changes in the treated groups compared to the control groups (p<0.05). Histopathology of the kidney revealed some inflammation at 1000, 1600, and 5000 mg/kg body weight. The implications of using this extract within safe doses in traditional medicine is hereby discussed

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