scholarly journals The Contribution of Human Rights in Thinking on Renewing The Book of Law of Criminal Events (KUHAP)

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 395-426
Author(s):  
Yahyanto Yahyanto

The fundamental principle of human rights is that all people are born free and have equality in human rights. Equality requires equal treatment; it means that anyone should be treated equally in any condition before the law. The idea of Human Rights in the Draft of the Law on Criminal Procedure Code, which will be upheld, will become a new legalized law in the future, not apart from lifting and placing a suspect, defendant, and convicted dignified position as a creature of God. Moreover, in the end, declarative human rights principles will not mean much if the stage of the rule of law does not follow them.Fundamental dari hak asasi manusia adalah ide yang meletakkan semua orang terlahir bebas dan memiliki kesetaraan dalam hak asasi manusia. Kesetaraan mensyaratkan adanya perlakuan yang setara, dimana pada situasi sama harus diperlakukan dengan sama, dimana pada situasi yang berbeda diperlakukan dengan berbeda pula.  Pemikiran HAM dalam RUU KUHAP  yang akan diundangkan menjadi UU kedepan, tidak terlepas  mengangkat dan menempatkan seorang tersangka, terdakwa dan terpidana dalam kedudukan yang bermartabat sebagai makhluk ciptaan Tuhan. Dan pada akhirnya, prinsip-prinsip HAM yang bersifat deklaratif tidak akan banyak berarti apabila tidak diikuti dengan tahap supremasi hukum. 

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 141-121
Author(s):  
Ibnu Artadi

In line with the identity of "rechstaat" and "the rule of law", the law must recognize and guarantee human rights in order to establish a just order, because justice goes hand in hand with the structure of human rights. The realization of the Criminal Procedure Code which functions to protect human rights comprehensively, in line with the demands of the Convention Against Torture, is a basic requirement towards the era of rule of law. So, the purpose of this article is to analyze the quality of the implementation of law enforcement that is not in accordance with the principles of law regarding the behavior of good law enforcement officials. The method used is qualitative with a sociolegal approach. The conclusion of this article is that one of the authority of legislation is its success in adapting to international conventions recognized by the affected people. The Criminal Procedure Code as an integral part of the national law of the Indonesian state law must be in line with Law No. 5 of 1998 concerning the Ratification of the Convention Against Torture. For this reason, looking at the weaknesses of the Criminal Procedure Code, both substantively and in practice, renovating the Criminal Procedure Code is urgent. The lack of perfection of the legal substance of the Criminal Procedure Code in providing human rights protection in a country that acts as a state of law is disastrous. In accordance with the rule of law, the law must recognize and guarantee human rights in order to establish a just order, because justice goes hand in hand with the structure of human rights.


2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-108
Author(s):  
Ewang Sone Andrew

The incorporation of habeas corpus and bail in the Cameroonian Criminal Procedure Code has not only entrenched them in law, but has also widened and deepened their scope, with a view to obtaining, as far as possible, the respect for human rights and the rule of law in order to ensure a more functional criminal justice system in Cameroon. The incorporation of habeas corpus and bail in the Cameroon criminal trial process will restrain the arbitrary and illegal use of the powers of the judicial police officers and ensure respect of human rights. Although there are some challenges in the application of habeas corpus and bail such as misuse of the remedies by some overzealous authorities, defiance of court orders in the enforcement of the writ of habeas corpus by administrative authorities, and erosion of confidence in the Judiciary, there is optimism in the conscious efforts being made to ensure that habeas corpus and bail are properly applied so that the Cameroonian Criminal Procedure Code attains its full potential.


to-ra ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Thomas Abbon

Abstract   The issue of upholding the rule of law is a chore that must be resolved by the current government. The state and nation have been disadvantaged from all aspects, because in the end the harassment of the law has given rise  to corruption, collusion and nepotism. One of the things that stands out about law enforcement is the issue of detention and suspension of detention and sentencing that has to do with detention. The problem of detention and the detention in practice so far has been widely distorted by unscrupulous law enforcers and this institution has become an "open business arena". Detention and suspension of detention is actually a legal effort, which aims to realize the enforcement of the law itself, because detention is only allowed as long as there is suf cient preliminary evidence, and detention is solely in order to facilitate investigation / examination and besides that detention is also intended as protecting the suspect / defendant from violence / other people (eigenrichting).   The suspension of detention should be able to be given to every suspect / defendant who provides guarantees according to the law, unless otherwise speci ed in certain cases. In addition there is another side of the Criminal Procedure Code which determines that detention is part of punishment, so it has become a habit in practice that if a suspect / defendant who was originally detained "must be sentenced" .From the facts that are decomposed in the past this has brought a a very dif cult situation to nd out who really deserves detention or suspended detention and it turns out everyone is nally able to pay "anything" to release himself from the snare of detention even though it should not be his right.   Keywords: rule of law; corruption, collusion, and nepotism; legal effort.  


Author(s):  
Egidijus Küris

Western legal tradition gave the birth to the concept of the rule of law. Legal theory and constitutional justice significantly contributed to the crystallisation of its standards and to moving into the direction of the common concept of the rule of law. The European Court of Human Rights uses this concept as an interpretative tool, the extension of which is the quality of the law doctrine, which encompasses concrete requirements for the law under examination in this Court, such as prospectivity of law, its foreseeability, clarity etc. The author of the article, former judge of the Lithuanian Constitutional Court and currently the judge of the European Court of Human Rights, examines how the latter court has gradually intensified (not always consistently) its reliance on the rule of law as a general principle, inherent in all the Articles of the European Convention on Human Rights, to the extent that in some of its judgments it concentrates not anymore on the factual situation of an individual applicant, but, first and foremost, on the examination of the quality of the law. The trend is that, having found the quality of the applicable law to be insufficient, the Court considers that the mere existence of contested legislation amounts to an unjustifiable interference into a respective right and finds a violation of respective provisions of the Convention. This is an indication of the Court’s progressing self-approximation to constitutional courts, which are called to exercise abstract norm-control.La tradición occidental alumbró la noción del Estado de Derecho. La teoría del Derecho y la Justicia Constitucional han contribuido decisivamente a la cristalización de sus estándares, ayudando a conformar un acervo común en torno al mismo. El Tribunal Europeo de Derechos Humanos emplea la noción de Estado de Derecho como una herramienta interpretativa, fundamentalmente centrada en la doctrina de la calidad de la ley, que implica requisitos concretos que exige el Tribunal tales como la claridad, la previsibilidad, y la certeza en la redacción y aplicación de la norma. El autor, en la actualidad Juez del Tribunal Europeo de Derechos Humanos y anterior Magistrado del Tribunal Constitucional de Lituania, examina cómo el primero ha intensificado gradualmente (no siempre de forma igual de consistente) su confianza en el Estado de Derecho como principio general, inherente a todos los preceptos que forman el Convenio Europeo de Derechos Humanos, hasta el punto de que en algunas de sus resoluciones se concentra no tanto en la situación de hecho del demandante individual sino, sobre todo y ante todo, en el examen de esa calidad de la ley. La tendencia del Tribunal es a considerar que, si observa que la ley no goza de calidad suficiente, la mera existencia de la legislación discutida supone una interferencia injustificable dentro del derecho en cuestión y declara la violación del precepto correspondiente del Convenio. Esto implica el acercamiento progresivo del Tribunal Europeo de Derechos Humanos a los Tribunales Constitucionales, quienes tienen encargado el control en abstracto de la norma legal.


Author(s):  
Komang Ekayana

Corrupted state assets certainly hurt the country narrowly, but also broadly where it harms the country and its people. However, the formal approach through the current criminal procedure law has not been able to recover the losses suffered by the state. In fact, state losses resulting from corruption are state assets that must be saved. Then there needs to be a new breakthrough to recover state losses through the asset recovery model. When looking at the country from the perspective of the victims, the state must obtain protection, in this case recovery from the losses suffered due to corruption. This paper examines the model of returning assets resulting from corruption in the law enforcement process that focuses on the rule of law in the 2003 UNCAC Convention and the mechanism of returning state assets in terms of Law No. 20 of 2001 concerning amendments to Law No. 31 of 1999 concerning Eradication of Corruption Crimes. 


2020 ◽  
pp. 377-386
Author(s):  
Я. Ю. Конюшенко

The purpose of the article is to define the prosecutor's supervision over investigative (search) actions as a legal guarantee of human rights, as well as problematic issues in its implementation and to make proposals to improve the current criminal procedure legislation of Ukraine. The article defines doctrinal approaches to the concepts of "prosecutor's supervision over compliance with the law during the pre-trial investigation" and "prosecutor's procedural guidance of the pre-trial investigation" in the context of investigative (search) actions. The author came to the conclusion that the provisions of the Constitution of Ukraine, the Law of Ukraine "On the Prosecutor's Office" and the Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine in terms of regulating the functions and powers of the prosecutor during the pre-trial investigation. Based on the study, it is proposed to consider procedural guidance as one of the forms of prosecutor's supervision over the pre-trial investigation, which is implemented directly by the prosecutor or a group of prosecutors who are appointed to carry it out in a particular criminal proceeding. The author also emphasizes the existence of forms of supervision of the highest level prosecutor on the legality of these actions, which are implemented through the demand and study of information on the progress and results of pre-trial investigation, criminal proceedings and certified copies of court decisions and study of compliance with criminal procedure. A number of problematic issues during the prosecutor's supervision in pre-trial criminal proceedings are outlined, which relate to the relationship between the prosecutor's supervision and judicial control over the legality of investigative (search) actions; subjects and subject of supervision of the prosecutor in this sphere; providing the prosecutor-procedural manager and prosecutors of the highest level with instructions and instructions during the investigative (search) actions. To address these issues, it is proposed to amend the current criminal procedure legislation of Ukraine. The study of the materials of criminal proceedings and the survey of the subjects of criminal proceedings indicate the existence of a number of problematic issues that exist during the implementation of the prosecutor's procedural guidance of investigative (search) actions in the context of human rights.


2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-69
Author(s):  
Diah Ratri Oktavriana ◽  
Nasiri Nasiri

This research is a normative research. One of the fulfillment of human rights is justice in equalizing the position of every citizen before the law, as stated in Article 27 paragraph (1) of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia. The right to equality before the law or what is commonly referred to as equality before the law is a principle that provides recognition and protection of human rights for every individual regardless of one's background. Therefore, it is true that Law Number 16 of 2011 concerning Legal Aid for People Who Are Less Capable to Guarantee Constitutional Rights of Citizens for Justice and Equality before the Law emerged. Legal aid is a legal service provided by advocates to the community seeking justice In the realm of criminal cases, the provision of legal assistance is described in Article 54 of the Criminal Procedure Code which explains that in the interests of defense, a suspect or defendant has the right to receive legal assistance from one or more legal advisers during the time and at each level of examination. The provision of legal assistance must be based on the principle of equality before the law as stated in the explanation of Law Number 8 of 1981 concerning Criminal Procedure Law. From the various analyzes that have been carried out, in the perspective of Islamic criminal law it can be concluded that the principle of equality before the law as described in Article 54 of the Criminal Procedure Code is equivalent to an order to provide legal aid which in Islamic criminal law is spelled out in Surah Al-Maidah verse 2 which states that as a fellow humans are ordered to help each other as a form of horizontal worship to fellow humans (habl minan-nas). In addition there are many more both in the Al Qur'an and the hadith of the prophet regarding the application of the principle of equality before the law.


Author(s):  
M.N. Tarsheva

Legal procedures in a state governed by the rule of law are a kind of guarantor of legality and protection of citizens' rights, and therefore issues related to the development and improvement of the procedural mechanism are among the top priorities. The procedural mechanism is the most important structural element of the legal regulation system, which includes entire procedural branches. The article substantiates the need to develop and legislate procedures within which actions can be carried out to reconcile and make amends for harm, compensation for damage or otherwise make amends for harm (since gaps and shortcomings in the legislation associated with the lack of procedural mechanisms do not allow to fully realize the human rights potential of Articles 25, 25.1, 28 Part 1, 28.1 of the Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation), as well as the need to classify these procedures (which has not been previously carried out). The author proposes to divide such procedures into conciliatory and restorative ones. The author's definitions of conciliation and restorative procedures in pre-trial proceedings are given.


2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dodik Hartono ◽  
Maryanto Maryanto

ABSTRAK�Penelitian dengan judul Peranan Dan Fungsi Praperadilan Dalam Menegakkan Hukum Pidana di Polda Jateng. Berdasarkan uraian dalam Tesis ini, permasalahan yang akan yang akan di teliti adalah: 1) Bagaimanakah fungsi dan peran praperadilan dalam penegakan hukum di Indonesia berdasarkan peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku? 2) Apa hambatan dalam pelaksanaan fungsi dan peran pra peradilan dalam penegakan hukum di Polda Jateng? 3) Bagaimanakah solusi dari hambatan dalam pelaksanaan fungsi dan peran pra peradilan dalam penegakan hukum di Polda Jateng?Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa : 1) Maksud dan tujuan utama yang hendak ditegakkan dan dilindungi, dalam proses praperadilan yaitu tegaknya hukum dan perlindungan hak asasi tersangka dalam tingkat pemeriksaan penyidikan dan penuntutan. Pasal 1 butir 10 KUHAP dipertegas dalam Pasal 77 KUHAP yang menyebutkan Pengadilan Negeri berwenang untuk memeriksa dan memutus, sesuai dengan ketentuan yang diatur dalam undang-undang. Wewenang pengadilan untuk mengadili dalam praperadilan dijelaskan dalam Pasal 95 KUHAP. 2) Hambatan dalam pelaksanaan fungsi dan peran praperadilan dalam penegakan hukum di Polda Jateng meliputi : a. hakim lebih banyak memperhatikan perihal dipenuhi atau tidaknya syarat-syarat formil penangkapan dan penahanan, atau ada tidaknya perintah penahanan dan sama sekali tidak menguji dan menilai syarat materilnya. b. setiap pelaksanaan upaya paksa selalu ada perenggutan HAM. c. pemeriksaan untuk melakukan penahanan, masih ada penyalahgunaan dalam tahap penyidikan oleh Polisi dan penuntutan oleh jaksa. d. selain luasnya kewenangan penyidikan dalam menentukan bukti permulaan yang cukup, pengawasan terhadap kewenangan tersebut juga lemah. 3) Solusi dari hambatan dalam pelaksanaan fungsi dan peran praperadilan dalam penegakan hukum di Polda Jateng meliputi : ����������� a. Diperlukan upaya kontrol terhadap setiap aparat penegak hukum pada lembaganya masing-masing secara vertikal. b. KUHAP perlu direvisi khususnya mengenai mekanisme saling mengawasi antara penegak hukum dan lembaga dalam subsistem peradilan. c. diperlukan peran aktif hakim dalam menggunakan kewenangannya pada saat pemeriksaan pokok perkara untuk mempertimbangkan penyidikan atau penuntutan yang tidak sesuai dengan ketentuan hukum acara atau yang melawan hukum guna menghindari penyalahgunaan HAM. d. dalam tahap ajudikasi, hakim seharusnya berkonsentrasi untuk menentukan hasil pembuktian di persidangan dan dalam tahap ini, hakim dapat menilai apa yang terjadi dalam tahap praajudikasi.Kata Kunci : Peranan dan Fungsi, Praperadilan, Penegakan Hukum Pidana�ABSTRACT�Research with the title Role And Practice Function In Enforcing Criminal Law in Central Java Regional Police. Based on the description in this Thesis, the issues that will be examined are: 1) How is the function and role of pretrial in law enforcement in Indonesia based on the prevailing laws and regulations? 2) What are the obstacles in the implementation of pre-justice functions and roles in law enforcement in the Central Java Regional Police? 3) How is the solution of the obstacles in the implementation of functions and the role of pre-judiciary in law enforcement in Central Java Regional Police?The results of the study conclude that: 1) The main purpose and objectives to be upheld and protected, in the pre-trial process, namely the enforcement of the law and the protection of human rights of suspects in the level of investigation and prosecution investigation. Article 1 point 10 of the Criminal Procedure Code is affirmed in Article 77 of KUHAP stating that the District Court has the authority to examine and decide upon, in accordance with the provisions stipulated in law. The jurisdiction of the courts to adjudicate in pre-trial is described in Article 95 of the Criminal Procedure Code. 2) Obstacles in the implementation of functions and the role of pretrial in law enforcement in Central Java Police include: a. judges pay more attention to whether or not the formal conditions for arrest and detention, or whether there is a detention order and not test and judge material requirements at all. b. every execution of forced efforts is always a rush of human rights. c. checks for detention, there is still abuse in the investigation stage by the Police and prosecution by the prosecutor. d. besides the extent of investigative authority in determining sufficient preliminary evidence, the oversight of the authority is also weak. 3) Solutions from obstacles in the implementation of functions and pretrial roles in law enforcement in Central Java Police include: a. Control of each law enforcement apparatus is required on each institution vertically. b. The Criminal Procedure Code needs to be revised, especially regarding the mechanism of mutual supervision between law enforcement and institutions within the judicial system. c. an active role of the judge in the use of authority at the time of examination of the principal matter to consider investigations or prosecutions that are not in accordance with the provisions of procedural law or against the law in order to avoid abuse of human rights. d. in the stage of adjudication, the judge should concentrate on determining the results of the evidence in the hearing and in this stage the judge can judge what happened in the pre-certification stage.Keywords: Roles and Functions, Pretrial, Criminal Law Enforcement


Teisė ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 114 ◽  
pp. 132-143
Author(s):  
Marta Monterroso Rosas

If the disabled person wants to plan, guarantee and design a patrimonial strategy to safeguard future needs, how does the Law respond? Which are the legal instruments one can resort to in order to anticipate or organize mechanisms able to meet the special requirements of a disabled person? This paper aims to analyse this problem, making a connection with the Rule of Law.


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