scholarly journals Biofilm formation and antibiotic resistance of urinary catheter associated bacteria from hospitalized patients, Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kar, S. ◽  
Devnath, P.
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Urinary Catheter ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
Associated Bacteria

scholarly journals BIOFILM FORMATION AND ANTIBIOTIC SUSCEPTIBILITY OF STROKE PATIENT’S URINARY CATHETER ISOLATES AT BETHESDA HOSPITAL, YOGYAKARTA

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 58
Author(s):  
Christofer Sathya Wijaya Budi Sarwono
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Urinary Catheter ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Plate Method ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
E Coli

Background: Antibiotic resistance currently challenges infectious disease management, specifically in combating biofilm formation. Biofilm might be developed on urinary catheter, in which stroke patients with urinary tract problem have higher risk of catheter associated urinary tract infection and problems related to antibiotic resistance. Aim: This study describes the microbe types from catheter isolates, measuring the antibiotic susceptibility and biofilm formation, especially in stroke patients at Bethesda Hospital, Yogyakarta. Method: This is a cross-sectional study, describing findings of specimens from stroke patients at Bethesda Hospital, since December 2018 to January 2019. The isolates were identified with standard method, the antibiotic susceptibility were tested with antibiotic disc on MHA medium, and the biofilm formation were assessed using tissue culture plate method. All procedure were done in Microbiology Laboratorium, FK UKDW. Result: Thirty three microbes were isolated from 30 specimens of urinary catheter (63,3% male, 36,3% female). There is 76% isolates incapable of developing biofilm, while 15% is moderate biofilm producer and 9% is strong biofilm producer. The susceptibility test showed 100% resistancy of ampicillin-sulbactam, tetracyclin, ketoconazole, itraconazole, and terbinafine. Around 50% of E. coli and 57% of K. pneumonias isolates is MDR, and 75% of A. baumanii is XDR. Conclusion: Isolated microbes from urinary catheter of stroke patients at Bethesda Hospital is dominated by E. coli, K. pneumoniae, and A. baumanii. Some of the microbes could form strong biofilm, and some of the antibiotics could not be used in the future due to their 100% resistancy on all specimens.

scholarly journals Correlation Between Antimicrobial Resistance and Biofilm Formation Capability Among Klebsiella Pneumoniae Strains Isolated From Hospitalized Patients in Iran

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shadi Shadkam ◽  
Hamid Reza Goli ◽  
Bahman Mirzaei ◽  
Mehrdad Gholami ◽  
Mohammad Ahanjan
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Hospital Setting ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Test

Abstract BackgroundKlebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) is a common cause of nosocomial infections. Antibiotic resistance and ability to form biofilm, as two key virulence factors of K. pneumoniae, involved in persistent of the infections. The purpose of this study is to investigate the correlation between antimicrobial resistance and biofilm formation capability among K. pneumoniae strains isolated from hospitalized patients in Iran.MethodsOver a 10-month period, a total of 100 non-duplicate K. pneumoniae strains were collected. Antibiotic susceptibility test was determined by Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method according to CLSI. Biofilm formation was assessed by tissue culture plate method. Finally, polymerase chain reaction was conducted to detect four families of carbapenemase: blaIMP, blaVIM, blaNDM, blaOXA-48, biofilm formation associated genes; treC, wza, luxS and K. pneumoniae confirming gene; rpoB.ResultsMost of the isolates were resistant to co-trimoxazole (52%), cefotaxime (51%), cefepime (43%), and ceftriaxone (43%). Among all the 100 isolates, 67 were multidrug-resistant (MDR), and 11 were extensively drug-resistant (XDR). The prevalence of the blaVIM, blaIMP, blaNDM, and blaOXA-48 genes were 7%, 11%, 5%, and 28%, respectively. Among these isolates, 25% formed fully established biofilms, 19% were categorized as moderately biofilm-producing, 31% formed weak biofilms, and 25% were non-biofilm-producers. Molecular distribution of biofilm formation genes revealed that 98%, 96%, and 34% of the isolates carried luxS, treC, and wza genes, respectively. ConclusionThe rise of antibiotic resistance among biofilm-producer strains, demonstrating a serious alarm about limited treatment options in hospital setting. Also, fundamental actions and introduction of novel strategies for controlling of K. pneumoniae biofilm-related infections is essential.

scholarly journals Correlation between antimicrobial resistance and biofilm formation capability among Klebsiella pneumoniae strains isolated from hospitalized patients in Iran

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shadi Shadkam ◽  
Hamid Reza Goli ◽  
Bahman Mirzaei ◽  
Mehrdad Gholami ◽  
Mohammad Ahanjan
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Culture Plate ◽  
Tissue Culture Plate

Abstract Background Klebsiella pneumoniae is a common cause of nosocomial infections. Antibiotic resistance and ability to form biofilm, as two key virulence factors of K. pneumoniae, are involved in the persistence of infections. The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation between antimicrobial resistance and biofilm formation capability among K. pneumoniae strains isolated from hospitalized patients in Iran. Methods Over a 10-month period, a total of 100 non-duplicate K. pneumoniae strains were collected. Antibiotic susceptibility was determined by Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion method according to CLSI. Biofilm production was assessed by tissue culture plate method. Finally, polymerase chain reaction was conducted to detect four families of carbapenemase: blaIMP, blaVIM, blaNDM, blaOXA−48; biofilm formation associated genes: treC, wza, luxS; and K. pneumoniae confirming gene: rpoB. Results Most of the isolates were resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (52 %), cefotaxime (51 %), cefepime (43 %), and ceftriaxone (43 %). Among all the 100 isolates, 67 were multidrug-resistant (MDR), and 11 were extensively drug-resistant (XDR). The prevalence of the blaVIM, blaIMP, blaNDM, and blaOXA−48 genes were 7 , 11 , 5 , and 28 %, respectively. The results of biofilm formation in the tissue culture plate assay indicated that 75 (75 %) strains could produce biofilm and only 25 (25 %) isolates were not able to form biofilm. Among these isolates, 25 % formed fully established biofilms, 19 % were categorized as moderately biofilm-producing, 31 % formed weak biofilms, and 25 % were non-biofilm-producers. The antimicrobial resistance among biofilm former strains was found to be significantly higher than that of non-biofilm former strains (p < 0.05). Molecular distribution of biofilm formation genes revealed that 98 , 96 , and 34 % of the isolates carried luxS, treC, and wza genes, respectively. Conclusions The rise of antibiotic resistance among biofilm-producer strains demonstrates a serious concern about limited treatment options in the hospital settings. All of the data suggest that fundamental actions and introduction of novel strategies for controlling of K. pneumoniae biofilm-related infections is essential.

scholarly journals Interaction of Acinetobacter baumannii with Human Serum Albumin: Does the Host Determines the Outcome?

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 833
Author(s):  
Camila Pimentel ◽  
Casin Le ◽  
Marisel R. Tuttobene ◽  
Tomas Subils ◽  
Krisztina M. Papp-Wallace ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Human Serum Albumin ◽  
Quorum Sensing ◽  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Human Serum ◽  
Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Multiple Drugs

Acinetobacter baumannii has become a serious threat to human health due to its extreme antibiotic resistance, environmental persistence, and capacity to survive within the host. Two A. baumannii strains, A118 and AB5075, commonly used as model systems, and three carbapenem-resistant strains, which are becoming ever more dangerous due to the multiple drugs they can resist, were exposed to 3.5% human serum albumin (HSA) and human serum (HS) to evaluate their response with respect to antimicrobial resistance, biofilm formation, and quorum sensing, all features responsible for increasing survival and persistence in the environment and human body. Expression levels of antibiotic resistance genes were modified differently when examined in different strains. The cmlA gene was upregulated or downregulated in conditions of exposure to 3.5% HSA or HS depending on the strain. Expression levels of pbp1 and pbp3 tended to be increased by the presence of HSA and HS, but the effect was not seen in all strains. A. baumannii A118 growing in the presence of HS did not experience increased expression of these genes. Aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes were also expressed at higher or lower levels in the presence of HSA or HS. Still, the response was not uniform; in some cases, expression was enhanced, and in other cases, it was tapered. While A. baumannii AB5075 became more susceptible to rifampicin in the presence of 3.5% HSA or HS, strain A118 did not show any changes. Expression of arr2, a gene involved in resistance to rifampicin present in A. baumannii AMA16, was expressed at higher levels when HS was present in the culture medium. HSA and HS reduced biofilm formation and production of N-Acyl Homoserine Lactone, a compound intimately associated with quorum sensing. In conclusion, HSA, the main component of HS, stimulates a variety of adaptative responses in infecting A. baumannii strains.

scholarly journals Reduced Crystalline Biofilm Formation on Superhydrophobic Silicone Urinary Catheter Materials

ACS Omega ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (17) ◽  
pp. 11488-11496
Author(s):  
Buddhika Gayani ◽  
Ayomi Dilhari ◽  
Nilwala Kottegoda ◽  
Dilru R. Ratnaweera ◽  
Manjula Manoji Weerasekera
Keyword(s):  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Urinary Catheter

scholarly journals Virulence Factors in Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 170
Author(s):  
Angela França ◽  
Vânia Gaio ◽  
Nathalie Lopes ◽  
Luís D. R. Melo
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Healthcare Associated ◽  
Major Pathogens

Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) have emerged as major pathogens in healthcare-associated facilities, being S. epidermidis, S. haemolyticus and, more recently, S. lugdunensis, the most clinically relevant species. Despite being less virulent than the well-studied pathogen S. aureus, the number of CoNS strains sequenced is constantly increasing and, with that, the number of virulence factors identified in those strains. In this regard, biofilm formation is considered the most important. Besides virulence factors, the presence of several antibiotic-resistance genes identified in CoNS is worrisome and makes treatment very challenging. In this review, we analyzed the different aspects involved in CoNS virulence and their impact on health and food.

scholarly journals Draft Genome Sequence of a Clinically Isolated Extensively Drug-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa Strain

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhavani Manivannan ◽  
Niranjana Mahalingam ◽  
Sudhir Jadhao ◽  
Amrita Mishra ◽  
Pravin Nilawe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Genome Assembly ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Draft Genome ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Draft Genome Assembly ◽  
Extensively Drug Resistant ◽  
History Of ◽  
Urinary Tuberculosis

We present the draft genome assembly of an extensively drug-resistant (XDR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain isolated from a patient with a history of genito urinary tuberculosis. The draft genome is 7,022,546 bp with a G+C content of 65.48%. It carries 7 phage genomes, genes for quorum sensing, biofilm formation, virulence, and antibiotic resistance.

scholarly journals Evidence of Another Anthropic Impact on Iguana delicatissima from the Lesser Antilles: The Presence of Antibiotic Resistant Enterobacteria

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 885
Author(s):  
Gustavo Di Lallo ◽  
Marco Maria D’Andrea ◽  
Samanta Sennati ◽  
Maria Cristina Thaller ◽  
Luciana Migliore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Acquired Resistance ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Associated Bacteria ◽  
Improper Use ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Drug Resistant Strains

The improper use of antibiotics by humans may promote the dissemination of resistance in wildlife. The persistence and spread of acquired antibiotic resistance and human-associated bacteria in the environment, while representing a threat to wildlife, can also be exploited as a tool to monitor the extent of human impact, particularly on endangered animal species. Hence, we investigated both the associated enterobacterial species and the presence of acquired resistance traits in the cloacal microbiota of the critically endangered lesser Antillean iguana (Iguana delicatissima), by comparing two separate populations living in similar climatic conditions but exposed to different anthropic pressures. A combination of techniques, including direct plating, DNA sequencing and antimicrobial susceptibility testing allowed us to characterize the dominant enterobacterial populations, the antibiotic resistant strains and their profiles. A higher frequency of Escherichia coli was found in the samples from the more anthropized site, where multi-drug resistant strains were also isolated. These results confirm how human-associated bacteria as well as their antibiotic-resistance determinants may be transferred to wildlife, which, in turn, may act as a reservoir of antibiotic resistance.

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