Antioxidant activity of St. John’s Wort extracts obtained with ultrasound-assisted extraction

Introduction: St. John’s Wort (Hypericum perforatum L.) is a plant from the Hypericaceae family commonly occurring in Europe, Asia, Africa and North America. It is used for medical purposes, for example in depression, viral or bacterial diseases, as well as diseases of the digestive system. St. John’s Wort is a source of hypericin as well as flavonoids useful to reduce the harmful effects of free radical action.The aim of the study was to evaluate the antioxidant activity of alcoholic and aqueous extracts of H. perforatum.Materials and methods: St. John’s Wort extracts were prepared in ethanol, methanol and isopropanol (each of 40%, 70% (v/v) and undiluted) and in water, with ultrasound-assisted extraction. Plant samples were extracted for 15, 30 and 60 min, and the antioxidant potentials of the extracts evaluated using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) aand ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP).Results: All the extracts showed antioxidant activity. In the case of the DPPH evaluation, the results ranged 2.42–4.37 mg trolox/g of raw material, which corresponds to 53.89–91.98% radical scavenging activity (RSA). The highest results were obtained for samples extracted for 60 min, with the antioxidant activity of most of them above 4.00 mg trolox/g of raw material. In the case of FRAP evaluation, the reducing power of the extracts ranged 1.40–37.82 mg FeSO4/g of raw material, with the highest results found for samples prepared in undiluted methanol. In contrast, the antioxidant capacity of the aqueous extracts was low.Conclusions: St. John’s Wort herb showed high antioxidant activity. In most cases, higher potentials were found for the extracts prepared in undiluted alcohols. The type of solvent used and the extraction time influenced the antioxidant properties of the extracts.

Download Full-text

Simultaneous Optimization of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction for Flavonoids and Antioxidant Activity of Angelica keiskei Using Response Surface Methodology (RSM)

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules24193461 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 24 (19) ◽

pp. 3461 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Lei Zhang ◽

Yuhuan Jiang ◽

Xuening Pang ◽

Puyue Hua ◽

Xiang Gao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Response Surface Methodology ◽

Response Surface ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Ultrasound Assisted Extraction ◽

Antioxidant Power ◽

Assisted Extraction ◽

Ultrasonic Time ◽

Angelica Keiskei ◽

Ultrasound Assisted

Angelica keiskei Koidzumi (A. keiskei), as a Japanese edible herbal plant, enjoys a variety of biological activities due to the presence of numerous active compounds, especially flavonoids. This study aims for the optimization of ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) for flavonoids in A. keiskei and their antioxidant activity by using the response surface methodology (RSM). Single-factor experiments and a four-factor three-level Box–Behnken design (BBD) were performed to explore the effects of the following parameters on flavonoid extraction and antioxidant activity evaluation: ultrasonic temperature (X1), ultrasonic time (X2), ethanol concentration (X3) and liquid–solid ratio (X4). The optimum conditions of the combination of total flavonoid content (TFC), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging capacity (DPPH-RSC) and ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) were as follows: X1 = 80 °C, X2 = 4 min, X3 = 78%, X4 = 35 mL/g, respectively. The experimental results provide a theoretical basis for the extensive utilization of A. keiskei and flavonoids extraction from A. keiskei as a potential source of antioxidants.

Download Full-text

The application of amino acid ionic liquids as additives in the ultrasound-assisted extraction of plant material

RSC Advances ◽

10.1039/d1ra03840k ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (42) ◽

pp. 25983-25994

Author(s):

Barbara Roman ◽

Anna Muzykiewicz-Szymańska ◽

Paula Ossowicz-Rupniewska ◽

Adam Klimowicz ◽

Ewa Janus

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Ionic Liquids ◽

Amino Acid ◽

Plant Material ◽

Aqueous Extracts ◽

Ultrasound Assisted Extraction ◽

Lycopodium Clavatum ◽

Assisted Extraction ◽

Ultrasound Assisted

The antioxidant activity of the aqueous extracts from Lycopodium clavatum, Cetraria islandica and Dipsacus fullonum obtained by ionic liquids and ultrasound-assisted extraction (IL-UAE) method was determined.

Download Full-text

Green-Sustainable Recovery of Phenolic and Antioxidant Compounds from Industrial Chestnut Shells Using Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction: Optimization and Evaluation of Biological Activities In Vitro

Antioxidants ◽

10.3390/antiox9030267 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 267

Author(s):

Fátima Lameirão ◽

Diana Pinto ◽

Elsa F. Vieira ◽

Andreia F. Peixoto ◽

Cristina Freire ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Biological Activities ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Raw Material ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Antioxidant Compounds ◽

Ultrasound Assisted Extraction ◽

Antioxidant Power ◽

Assisted Extraction ◽

Ultrasound Assisted

Chestnut processing industry generates large amounts of by-products, including leaves, burs and shells that are a source of bioactive compounds. The purpose of this study was to establish an ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) of phenolic and antioxidant compounds from industrial chestnut shells. A central composite design (CCD) was conducted to analyze the effects of time (4–46 min) and temperature (34–76 °C) in the antioxidant activity (2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP)) and total phenolic compounds (TPC) of chestnut shells extracts. The optimal extraction conditions were obtained at 70 °C for 40 min. The optimal extract was characterized regarding phenolic profile, radical scavenging capacity, and effects on intestinal and dermal cell lines. The optimal extract revealed high amounts of ellagic acid (40.4 µg/mg dw), followed by caffeic acid derivative (15.4 µg/mg dw) and epigallocatechin (15.3 µg/mg dw). Indeed, the extract exhibited the highest scavenging efficiencies against NO● (IC50 = 0.1 µg/mL) and HOCl (IC50 = 0.7 µg/mL) and did not conducted to a decrease on HaCaT and HFF-1 viability up to 100 μg/mL. Oppositely, a decrease on Caco-2 and HT29-MTX viability was observed. This study suggests that UAE could be a sustainable option to valorize chestnut shells as raw material for different industries.

Download Full-text

Optimization of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Some Bioactive Compounds from Tobacco Waste

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules24081611 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 24 (8) ◽

pp. 1611 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Marija Banožić ◽

Ines Banjari ◽

Martina Jakovljević ◽

Drago Šubarić ◽

Srećko Tomas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Bioactive Compounds ◽

Raw Material ◽

Ultrasound Assisted Extraction ◽

Leaf Extracts ◽

Potential Source ◽

Assisted Extraction ◽

Different Types ◽

Ultrasound Assisted ◽

Tobacco Waste

This is the first study on ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) of bioactive compounds from different types of tobacco industry wastes (scrap, dust, and midrib). The obtained results were compared with starting raw material (tobacco leaves) to see the changes in bioactive compounds during tobacco processing. Results suggested that tobacco waste extracts possess antioxidant activity and considerable amounts of targeted bioactive compounds (phenolics and solanesol). The content of chlorogenic acid varied between 3.64 and 804.2 μg/mL, caffeic acid between 2.34 and 10.8 μg/mL, rutin between 11.56 and 93.7 μg/mL, and solanesol between 294.9 and 598.9 μg/mL for waste and leaf extracts, respectively. There were noticeable differences between bioactive compounds content and antioxidant activity in extracts related to applied UAE conditions and the used type of tobacco waste. Results show that optimal UAE parameters obtained by response surface methodology (RSM) were different for each type of material, so process optimization proved to be necessary. Considering that tobacco waste is mostly discarded or not effectively utilized, the results clearly show that tobacco waste could be used as a potential source of some bioactive compounds.

Download Full-text

Optimization of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Bioactive Compounds from Pelvetia canaliculata to Sunflower Oil

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods10081732 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (8) ◽

pp. 1732

Author(s):

Gabriela Sousa ◽

Marija Trifunovska ◽

Madalena Antunes ◽

Isabel Miranda ◽

Margarida Moldão ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Oxidative Stability ◽

Bioactive Compounds ◽

Sunflower Oil ◽

Oxidation Products ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Ultrasound Assisted Extraction ◽

Antioxidant Power ◽

Assisted Extraction ◽

Ultrasound Assisted

In this study, Pelvetia canaliculata L. macroalga, collected from the Atlantic Portuguese coast, was used as a source of bioactive compounds, mostly antioxidants, to incorporate them in sunflower oil with the aim of increasing its biological value and oxidative stability. The lyophilized alga was added to the oil, and ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) was performed. Algae concentration and UAE time varied following a central composite rotatable design (CCRD) to optimize extraction conditions. The following parameters were analyzed in the oils: oxidation products, acidity, color, chlorophyll pigments, carotenoids, flavonoids, total phenolic content, antioxidant activity by DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant power) assays, and sensory analysis. Extraction conditions did not affect the acidity and the amount of oxidation products in the oil. Chlorophylls and carotenoid contents increased with algae concentration, while flavonoid extraction did not depend on algae content or UAE time. Total phenolics in the oil were highly related only to FRAP antioxidant activity. Storage experiments of supplemented oil (12.5% algae; 20 min UAE) were carried out under accelerated oxidation conditions at 60 °C/12 days. Antioxidant activity (FRAP) of supplemented oil was 6-fold higher than the value of non-supplemented oil. Final samples retained 40% of their initial antioxidant activity. The presence of algae extracts contributed to the increased oxidative stability of sunflower oil.

Download Full-text

Evaluation of diuretic and antioxidant properties in aqueous bark and fruit extracts of pine

Current Drug Discovery Technologies ◽

10.2174/1570163817666200206105231 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Hadi Shariati ◽

Mohammad Hassanpour ◽

Gholamreza Sharifzadeh ◽

Asghar Zarban ◽

Saeed Samarghandian ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Phenolic Content ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Pine Bark ◽

Male Rats ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Aqueous Extracts ◽

Antioxidant Power ◽

Dose Dependent

Objective: The present study has been carried out to evaluate the diuretic and antioxidant properties of pine herb in an animal model. Materials and Methods: 45 adult male rats were randomly divided into nine groups including: groups I (the negative control), groups II (positive control, furosemide 10 mg/kg), groups III to VIII (treatment groups received 100, 200, 400 mg/kg of the aqueous extracts of bark and fruit) and group IX received the combination of aqueous extract of bark (100 mg/kg) and the fruit (100 mg/kg). The urine output, glomerular filtration rate (GFR), electrolytes, urea, and creatinine levels were evaluated . Furthermore, the phenolic content and antioxidant activity of both extracts were also assessed using 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and Folin–Ciocalteu methods. Results: The aqueous extracts of the pine bark and fruit increased the urinary output in a dose-dependent manner. The combination of the two extracts compared to the other extracts alone significantly increased the serum potassium level. This study also showed each extract increase creatinine clearance in a dose-dependent manner (p<0.01 and p<0.05). The increase of GFR in the combination group was not significant. The current data showed a significant increase in the total phenolic content in pine bark extract in compared with the fruit extract. Conclusion: The pine bark and fruit can be useful in the prevention and treatment of kidney stones due to the high antioxidant activity.

Download Full-text

Optimization of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Phloretin and Other Phenolic Compounds from Apple Tree Leaves (Malus domestica Borkh.) and Comparison of Different Cultivars from Estonia

Antioxidants ◽

10.3390/antiox10020189 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 189

Author(s):

Sana Ben-Othman ◽

Hedi Kaldmäe ◽

Reelika Rätsep ◽

Uko Bleive ◽

Alar Aluvee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Apple Tree ◽

Maximum Yield ◽

Plant Secondary Metabolites ◽

Polyphenolic Compounds ◽

Tree Leaves ◽

Ultrasound Assisted Extraction ◽

Assisted Extraction ◽

Ultrasound Assisted ◽

Promising Source

Polyphenolic compounds, plant secondary metabolites essential for plant survival, are known for their high antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. In addition, several polyphenols, such as phloretin, also have potential antiviral effects, making these compounds potential ingredients of biofunctional foods. A promising source for the extraction of phloretin is a by-product of apple production—apple tree leaves. Focusing on green technologies, the first aim of the present study was to optimize the direct ultrasound-assisted extraction conditions to gain the maximum yield of phloretin from air-dried apple leaves. For the optimization of process parameters, we applied the response surface method with Box–Behnken design. The optimal extraction conditions were extraction time 14.4 min, sonication amplitude 10% and 10 g of sample per 100 mL solvent (70% ethanol, w/w). Using these conditions, we assessed the content of individual and total polyphenolic compounds along with antioxidant activity in the leaves of different autumn and winter apple cultivars grown in Estonia. The analyses were carried out with chromatographic (HPLC-DAD-MS/MS) and spectrophotometric methods. The phloretin concentration ranged from 292 to 726 µg/g and antioxidant activity from 6.06 to 11.42 mg GA eq./g, these being the highest in the local winter cultivars ‘Paide taliõun’ and ‘Tellissaare’, respectively.

Download Full-text

Ultrasound-assisted extraction of protein from Bombay locusts and its impact on functional and antioxidative properties

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-96694-w ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Passakorn Kingwascharapong ◽

Manat Chaijan ◽

Supatra Karnjanapratum

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Surface Hydrophobicity ◽

Molecular Characteristics ◽

Ultrasound Assisted Extraction ◽

Antioxidative Properties ◽

Assisted Extraction ◽

Ultrasound Assisted ◽

Nonessential Amino Acids ◽

The Impact

AbstractImpact of ultrasound-assisted process (UAP) on yield, functional properties, antioxidant properties and molecular characteristics of protein extracted from Bombay locusts (BL) (Patanga succinta L.) was studied. Different conditions of UAP were implemented for different amplitudes (40–60%) and times (10–30 min) during aqueous extraction. Notably, UAP could enhance yield and protein recovery, compared with those from typical process (TP) (continuously stirred at 100 rpm at room temperature for 1 h). UAP conditions used governed the change of surface hydrophobicity and free α-amino content of BL. UAP could improve solubility of BL, especially at pH levels higher than 2. UAP had no significant (p > 0.05) detrimental effects on foaming capacity and stability of BL. Nevertheless, UAP, particularly at 50–60% amplitudes, affected the emulsion activity and stability of BL. UAP provided BL with high radical scavenging activities and good electron donating ability, especially that from 60% amplitude for 20 min (UAP-60/20). UAP-60/20 showed the impact on change of isoelectric point and molecular characteristic monitored by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) of BL, compared to those from TP. In addition, BL was also an excellent source of both essential and nonessential amino acids. Therefore, UAP potentially enhanced BL extraction efficiency, resulting the BL with good functional and antioxidative properties.

Download Full-text

Effect of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction Parameters on Total Polyphenols and Its Antioxidant Activity from Mango Residues (Mangifera indica L. var. Manililla)

Separations ◽

10.3390/separations8070094 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (7) ◽

pp. 94

Author(s):

Anahí J. Borrás-Enríquez ◽

Elizabeth Reyes-Ventura ◽

Socorro J. Villanueva-Rodríguez ◽

Lorena Moreno-Vilet

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Mangifera Indica ◽

Central Point ◽

Added Value ◽

Sonication Time ◽

Ultrasound Assisted Extraction ◽

Extraction Technology ◽

Total Polyphenols ◽

Assisted Extraction ◽

Ultrasound Assisted

Manililla is a mango variety whose residues contain bioactive compounds such as polyphenols and flavonoids, with high added value. The use of environmentally friendly extraction technology would be of great relevance; hence, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of solvent relation, sonication time and amplitude on the ultrasound-assisted extraction of total polyphenols in Manililla mango residues (peel, endocarp and kernel) and antioxidant activity. An experimental design 23 with a central point was used to evaluate the curvature behavior of the process variables. Conventional maceration was used as a control. The better conditions were obtained at the central point using 50% ethanol in water, 60% amplitude and 20 min of sonication time. We obtained values of up to 1814 mg GAE/100 g, 469 mg GAE/100 g and 672 mg GAE/100 g of total polyphenols and 1228 mg QE/100 g, 653 mg QE/100 g and 880 mg QE/100 g of total flavonoids for peel, endocarp and kernel, respectively. Mangiferin was quantified in ultrasound-assisted extraction at 150 mg/g in peel and 0.025 mg/g in the kernel, but it was not detectable in maceration. An antioxidant capacity of 87%, 14% and 83% inhibition for peel, endocarp and kernel, respectively, were obtained. Peel and kernel were the residues with higher potential as extraction material, while endocarp was not.

Download Full-text