Experimental Investigation of Aloe-Vera-Based CuO Nanofluid as a Novel Additive in Improving the Rheological and Filtration Properties of Water-Based Drilling Fluid

Summary Drilling technology in petroleum engineering is associated with problems such as high fluid loss, poor hole cleaning, and pipe sticking. Improvement of rheological and filtration properties of water-based drilling fluids (WDFs) plays a major role in resolving these drilling problems. The application of nanotechnology to WDF in the recent past has attracted much attention in addressing these drilling operations problems. In the present work, we investigate the application of natural aloe vera and CuO nanofluids combined as an additive in WDF to address the drilling problems. The nanofluids of three different concentrations of CuO nanoparticle (0.2, 0.4 , and 0.6 wt%) with aloe vera as a base fluid are prepared for this study by adopting a two-step method. The prepared nanofluids are characterized by their particle size and morphological characteristics. Conventional WDF (DF.0) is synthesized, and the prepared aloe-vera-based CuO nanofluid is added to the WDF to prepare nanofluid-enhancedwater-based drilling fluid (NFWDF) of different concentrations of nanoparticles, namely, 0.2 , 0.4, and 0.6 wt%. The prepared drilling fluid mixture is then characterized for its rheological and filtrate loss properties at various temperatures. Thermal stability and aging studies are performed for both WDF and NFWDF. The experimental results are then modeled using rheological models. The results reveal that aloe-vera-based CuO nanofluids improve the thermal stability and rheological properties of drilling fluid and significantly decrease the American Petroleum Institute (API) filtrate. Viscosity for WDF shows an approximately 61.7% decrease in heating up to 90°C. Further, the hot roll aging test causes a 63% decrease in the viscosity of WDF at 90°C. However, the addition of aloe-vera-based CuO nanofluids is found to aid in recovering the viscosities to a great extent. The fluid loss values before hot rolling are observed to be 6.6 mL after 30 minutes, whereas fluid loss values for the NFWDFs are found to be 5.9, 5.4, and 4.6 mL, respectively. The fluid loss value after hot rolling for the WDF is found to be 10.8 mL after 30 minutes, whereas fluid loss values for the NFWDFs are found to be 9.2, 8.5, and 7.7 mL, respectively. The rheological performance data of NFWDF project a better fit with the Herschel-Bulkley model and suggest improvement in rheological and filtration properties. There has been limited research work available in understanding the impact of aloe-vera-gel-based nanofluids in improving the performance of WDFs through the improvement of its rheological and filtration properties. This study aims to exploit the property of native aloe vera and CuO nanofluids combined together to enhance the rheological and filtration properties of WDF by conducting the tests both before and after hot rolling conditions. This study acts as an important precursor for developing novel additives for WDF to improve its rheological and filtration properties. This study is also expected to benefit the industry and solve the major challenges in deep-well drilling operations and high-pressure and high-temperature (HPHT) drilling operations.

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A Study on the Effects of Date Pit-Based Additive on the Performance of Water-Based Drilling Fluid

Journal of Energy Resources Technology ◽

10.1115/1.4038382 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 140 (5) ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Jimoh K. Adewole ◽

Musa O. Najimu

Keyword(s):

Thermal Stability ◽

Particle Size ◽

Filter Cake ◽

Drilling Fluid ◽

Fluid Loss ◽

Drilling Fluids ◽

Date Seed ◽

Water Based ◽

Filtration Properties ◽

Loss Control

This study investigates the effect of using date seed-based additive on the performance of water-based drilling fluids (WBDFs). Specifically, the effects of date pit (DP) fat content, particle size, and DP loading on the drilling fluids density, rheological properties, filtration properties, and thermal stability were investigated. The results showed that dispersion of particles less than 75 μm DP into the WBDFs enhanced the rheological as well as fluid loss control properties. Optimum fluid loss and filter cake thickness can be achieved by addition of 15–20 wt % DP loading to drilling fluid formulation.

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Evaluation of environment friendly micro-ionized litchi leaves powder (LLP) as a fluid loss control agent in water-based drilling fluid

Journal of Petroleum Exploration and Production Technology ◽

10.1007/s13202-021-01147-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 1715-1726

Author(s):

Ved Prakash ◽

Neetu Sharma ◽

Munmun Bhattacharya ◽

Ashok Raina ◽

Man Mohan Gusain ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hot Rolling ◽

Drilling Fluid ◽

Control Agent ◽

American Petroleum Institute ◽

Rheological Parameters ◽

Fluid Loss ◽

Environment Friendly ◽

Filtration Loss ◽

Water Based ◽

Loss Control

AbstractThis work investigates the efficacy of a biodegradable natural product, litchi leaves powder (LLP) as a filtration loss control agent in the water-based drilling fluid formulations. In order to evaluate the potential of litchi leaves powder (LLP), a strict protocol of experimentations according to API (American Petroleum Institute) standard has been followed. The experimental outcome showed that before hot rolling and after hot rolling of mud samples at 100 °C it was observed that 3–5% Concentration of LLP significantly increased the rheological parameters such as PV, YP and gelation of drilling fluid as compared to reference mud. Also, LLP reformed the filtration loss control characterization, suggesting a better biodegradable fluid loss reducing agent. After hot rolling at 100 °C for 18 h, the water-based drilling fluid with LLP as an additive showed a marked reduction in filtration control property as compared to reference Mud (RM). Experimental results concluded that 5% concentration of LLP significantly reduced the filtration loss of drilling fluid by 70.6% as compared to reference mud under the influence of 100 psi pressure. However, the conventional fluid loss additive CMC (LVG) reduced the filtration loss by maximum 67.5% as compared to reference mud. Therefore, LLP can be used as an alternative to CMC (LVG) in water-based drilling fluid with a maximum subsurface temperature of 100 °C.

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A Zwitterionic Copolymer as Rheology Modifier and Fluid Loss Agents for Water-Based Drilling Fluids

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym13183120 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (18) ◽

pp. 3120

Author(s):

Xianfeng Tan ◽

Longchen Duan ◽

Weichao Han ◽

Ying Li ◽

Mingyi Guo

Keyword(s):

Zeta Potential ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Drilling Fluid ◽

Fluid Loss ◽

Drilling Fluids ◽

High Concentration ◽

Free Radical Copolymerization ◽

Filtration Loss ◽

Water Based ◽

Filtration Properties

To overcome the negative impact on the rheological and filtration loss properties of drilling fluids caused by elevated temperature and salts contamination, which are common in ultradeep or geothermal drilling operations, it is imperative to develop highly efficient additives used in the water-based drilling fluid. In this study, a zwitterionic copolymer P (AM/DMC/AMPS/DMAM, ADAD) was synthesized by using acrylamide (AM), cationic monomer methacrylatoethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (DMC), anionic monomer 2-acrylamide-2-methyl propane sulfonic acid (AMPS), and N,N-dimethylacrylamide (DMAM) through free radical copolymerization. The copolymer was characterized by 1H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), elemental analysis, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and zeta potential. The rheological behavior, filtration properties, and the performance exposure to salt or calcium contamination in water-based drilling fluid were investigated. The bentonite/polymer suspension showed improved rheological and filtration properties even after aging at 160 °C or a high concentration of salt and calcium. The filtration loss can be greatly reduced by more than 50% (from 18 mL to 7 mL) by the inclusion of 2.0 wt% copolymer, while a slight increase in the filtrate loss was observed even when exposed to electrolyte contamination. Particle size distribution and zeta potential further validate the idea that zwitterionic copolymer can greatly improve the stability of base fluid suspension through positive group enhanced anchoring on the clay surface and repulsion force between negative particles. Moreover, this study can be directed towards the design and application of zwitterionic copolymer in a water-based drilling fluid.

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Improving the rheological and fluid loss properties of the water-based mud using wheat flour

Multidiszciplináris Tudományok ◽

10.35925/j.multi.2021.1.15 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 137-145

Author(s):

Hani Ali Al Khalaf ◽

Zeeshan Ahmad ◽

Gabriella Kovácsné Federer

Keyword(s):

Yield Point ◽

Wheat Flour ◽

Apparent Viscosity ◽

Loss Rate ◽

Drilling Fluid ◽

Filter Press ◽

Fluid Loss ◽

Drilling Fluids ◽

Water Based ◽

Filtration Properties

This study aims to evaluate the effect of wheat flour as a natural and environmentally friendly material on the properties of water-based mud. Recently, many experiments have been conducted with various additives to improve the properties of drilling fluids. The effect of using wheat flour as a new additive to drilling fluid was studied to improve rheological and filtration properties. In the laboratory several samples of water-based mud were prepared, different concentrations of wheat flour from 1 wt% to 7 wt% were added to the mud and tested by using a Fann 35 viscometer, 140 Fann Mud balance, and an API LT-LP filter press. The results showed that adding 7 wt% of wheat flour was the optimal concentration. It was found that the apparent viscosity and yield point increased by 50% and 35%, respectively, when 7 wt% of wheat flour was added to the water-based drilling fluid. Likewise, the fluid loss rate was reduced by 25% when using the same concentration of wheat flour.

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Application of a Novel Ecofriendly Okra Powder as Fluid Loss Controller in Water Based Drilling Fluids

10.2118/204773-ms ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Mobeen Murtaza ◽

Zeeshan Tariq ◽

Xianmin Zhou ◽

Dhafer Al Sheri ◽

Muhammad Mahmoud ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Thermal Stability ◽

Saudi Arabia ◽

Local Development ◽

Drilling Fluid ◽

Raw Material ◽

Fluid Loss ◽

Drilling Fluids ◽

Gravimetric Analysis ◽

Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia ◽

Water Based

Abstract Saudi Arabian based companies are spending many millions of dollars a year on import of drilling mud additives to meet the drilling industry demand. To cut the imported materials, locally available materials are preferable. Out of many drilling fluid additives, a single locally available additive such as fluid loss can save millions of dollars a year. The cost and locally available raw material justify the development of drilling fluid additives in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. In other aspect, local development provides many benefits to the Kingdom including industrial growth, technology ownership and new job opportunities. Okra (Hibiscus esculents) is widely used as a thickener and viscosifier in medical and food industries due to its low cost, availability, longer shelf life, and high thermal tolerance. In addition to that, it is environment friendly and available in abundance locally in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The composition of Okra powder was diagnosed by X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The thermal stability of Okra was tested using thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). The Okra powder was mixed in various concentrations such as (1, 2 and 3) grams in 350ml of water based drilling fluid (WBDF). The performance of Okra contained drilling fluids was compared with starch-based drilling fluid. The addition of Okra reduced fluid loss in different proportions at different concentrations. For instance, drilling fluid with 3g Okra concentration had 42% lower fluid loss as compared to the base fluid. The cake thickness was reduced upon the addition of Okra. The low fluid loss and thin filter cake make Okra a useful solution as a fluid loss controller in WBDFs. The addition of Okra powder also increased the viscosity and gel strength of the WBDFs. TGA analysis of Okra powder showed that it has strong thermal stability as compared to starch. Overall, the experimental results suggest that Okra mixed drilling fluids can be used as an alternate solution to starch mixed drilling fluids.

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Effect of silica nano particles on the rheological and HTHP filtration properties of environment friendly additive in water-based drilling fluid

Journal of Petroleum Exploration and Production Technology ◽

10.1007/s13202-021-01305-z ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ved Prakash ◽

Neetu Sharma ◽

Munmun Bhattacharya

Keyword(s):

Drilling Fluid ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Vital Role ◽

Nano Particles ◽

Rheological Parameters ◽

Drilling Fluids ◽

Filtration Loss ◽

Water Based ◽

Drilling Operations ◽

Filtration Properties

AbstractRheological and filtration properties of drilling fluid contribute a vital role in successful drilling operations. Rheological parameters such as apparent viscosity (AV), plastic viscosity (PV), yield point (YP) and gel strength of drilling fluids are very essential for hydraulic calculations and lifting of drill cuttings during the drilling operation. Control of filtration loss volume is also very important for cost effective and successful drilling operations. Therefore, the main goal of this research is to improve the rheological and filtration properties of Grewia Optiva fibre powder (GOFP) by using 30–50 nm size of silica nano particles (SNP) in water-based drilling fluid. The experimental outcomes revealed that after hot rolling of mud samples at 100 °C for 16 h, the low pressure-low temperature (LPLT) and high pressure-high temperature (HPHT) filtration loss of GOFP additives was improved, after the addition of SNP on it. The mixture of 5% GOFP + 4% SNP has reduced the LPLT and HPHT filtration loss of drilling fluid by 74.03 and 78.12%, respectively, as compared to base mud. Thus, it was concluded that after the addition of 0.4% SNP, the LPLT and HPHT filtration control ability of GOFP additive in WBM were increased by 17.6 and 15%, respectively. The rheological parameters such as AV, PV, YP and gelation of drilling fluids were also improved by the addition of GOFP + SNP mixture in the base mud. Therefore, the implementation of GOFP + SNP mixture in water-based mud showed auspicious results which reaffirm the feasibility of using them in the successful drilling operations.

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USING DURIAN RIND AS BRIDGING MATERIAL TO OVERCOME FLUID LOSS AND LOST CIRCULATION PROBLEMS IN DRILLING OPERATIONS

Jurnal Teknologi ◽

10.11113/jt.v78.7563 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 78 (8) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Nor Fatihah Abdul Majid ◽

Issham Ismail ◽

Mohd Fauzi Hamid

Keyword(s):

Drilling Fluid ◽

Filter Press ◽

Fluid Loss ◽

Lost Circulation ◽

Water Based ◽

Drilling Operations ◽

Excellent Control ◽

Induced Fractures ◽

Loss Control ◽

Durian Rind

Lost circulation is one of the drilling operational problems. It refers to the total or partial loss of drilling fluid into highly permeable zones or natural or induced fractures. This problem is likely to occur when the hydrostatic head pressure of drilling fluid in the hole exceeds the formation pressure. Today, managing lost circulation remains a significant challenge to oilwell drilling operations because it may contribute to high non-productive time. It is imperative to note that the overbalance pressure situation also can cause the invasion of mud filtrate into production zones which will result in formation damage. To address these problems, an experimental investigation has been done on durian rind as an alternative fluid loss and lost circulation materials in water-based mud. Durian rind was selected as a mud loss control material because it contains close to 20% pectin which may complement the formation of high quality mat-like bridges across openings of the formation. The test involved the use of standard mud testing equipment and a lost circulation test cell. Durian rind powder was prepared by cleaning and cutting the durian rind into small pieces of 1 to 2 cm, and then dried them in an oven at 60°C for 48 hours before grinding into five different sizes from coarse to ultra-fine while Hydro-plug, the commercial lost circulation material was supplied by Scomi Energy. The fluid loss test was conducted using a standard low pressure filter press while the bridging test was carried out at 100 psi of pressure difference and ambient temperature using a lost circulation cell. Fine durian in the water-based mud gave the best fluid loss control compared to coarse durian rind, fine and coarse Hydro-plug. The experimental results also showed that at 15 lb/bbl (42.8 kg/m3) optimum concentration, coarse and intermediate durian rind have outperformed Hydro-plug by showing an excellent control of mud losses in 1 and 2 mm simulated fractures.

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The Application Of Methyl Glucoside As Shale Inhibitor In Sodium Chloride Mud

Jurnal Teknologi ◽

10.11113/jt.v50.175 ◽

2012 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Issham Ismail ◽

Poon Huang Ann

Keyword(s):

Sodium Chloride ◽

Hot Rolling ◽

Drilling Fluid ◽

Clay Content ◽

Control Agent ◽

American Petroleum Institute ◽

Fluid Loss ◽

Methyl Glucoside ◽

Water Based ◽

Dispersion Test

Lumpur metil glukosida, atau dikenali sebagai MEG, ialah lumpur dasar air terkini yang mesra alam. Lumpur ini mempunyai prestasi yang hampir menyamai lumpur dasar minyak. Projek ini dilaksanakan bagi mengkaji kesan penambahan MEG ke dalam lumpur natrium klorida (MEG/NaCl) untuk mengawal pengembangan dan penyerakan syal pada beberapa kepekatan yang berlainan, iaitu 5% hingga 35% berdasarkan berat. Kajian ini melibatkan ujian penyerakan putaran panas yang berdasarkan American Petroleum Institute – Recommended Practice – 13I. Sifat pengawalan sedemikian turut dikaji menggunakan beberapa sampel syal yang mempunyai kereaktifan dan kandungan lempung yang berlainan. Selain itu, prestasi lumpur MEG/NaCl turut dikaji menerusi ujian sifat reologi, kawalan kehilangan turasan, aktiviti air dalam lumpur, dan proses penuaan, sebagaimana yang dicadangkan dalam American Petroleum Institute – Recommended Practice – 13B. Kajian menunjukkan bahawa lumpur MEG/NaCl boleh mengurangkan masalah pengembangan dan penyerakan syal. Namun begitu, kepekatan yang berkesan adalah bergantung kepada kereaktifan dan kandungan lempung yang wujud dalam sampel syal. Hasil kajian juga menunjukkan bahawa MEG ialah agen kawalan kehilangan bendalir yang baik. Kata kunci: Ujian penyerakan putarasan panas; metil glukosida (MEG); penyerakan syal; pengembangan syal; lumpur dasar air The methyl glucoside drilling fluid, or designated as the MEG, is a recently developed environmentally–friendly water–based mud. It is said to possess performance that approaches the oil–based mud. This project studied on the effects of introducing MEG into sodium chloride (MEG/NaCl) mud in controlling shale hydration and dispersion at different concentrations, namely 5% to 35% by weight, through hot rolling dispersion test, based on the American Petroleum Institute – Recommended Practice – 13I. The inhibitive features were further evaluated against several shale samples which had different reactivity and clay contents. Besides, the performance of MEG/NaCl mud was also evaluated through series of rheological properties, fluid loss, mud water activity, and ageing process tests as recommended in the American Petroleum Institute – Recommended Practice – 13B. The experimental results revealed that MEG/NaCl mud system could satisfactorily exhibit shale stabilization performance. The effective concentration of MEG, however, was corresponding on the reactivity and clay content present in the shale. The experiment results also showed that MEG is a good fluid loss control agent. Key words: Hot rolling dispersion test; methyl glucoside (MEG); shale dispersion; shale swelling; water–based mud

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Investigating the Properties of Modified Drilling Mud with Barite/Polyacrylamide Nanocomposite

SPE Drilling & Completion ◽

10.2118/205511-pa ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Pouria Roodbari ◽

Samad Sabbaghi

Keyword(s):

Fluid Loss ◽

Solution Polymerization ◽

Drilling Mud ◽

Drilling Operation ◽

Water Based ◽

Drilling Operations ◽

The Impact ◽

Viscosity Fluid ◽

Polymerization Method

Summary Drilling mud plays a significant role in the drilling operation because it is influential in the quality of the drilled well and the efficiency of the drilling operation. In this paper, we aim to identify the methods to improve the effectiveness of drilling operations by analyzing and evaluating the impact of adding polyacrylamide and a barite/polyacrylamide nanocomposite, synthesized through the solution polymerization method, on the properties of drilling mud. The study added the synthesized nanocomposite to the water-based drilling mud (350 cm3 water with 10 g bentonite) and examined the properties of the drilling mud, including viscosity, fluid loss, and mudcake thickness. Overall, the results indicated that the addition of the synthesized nanocomposite caused a decrease in fluid loss and the thickness of the mudcake, while it increased the drilling mud’s viscosity.

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Effect of molecular flexibility on the rheological and filtration properties of synthetic polymers used as fluid loss additives in water-based drilling fluid

RSC Advances ◽

10.1039/c9ra00038k ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (15) ◽

pp. 8608-8619 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Qi Chu ◽

Ling Lin

Keyword(s):

Drilling Fluid ◽

Synthetic Polymers ◽

Fluid Loss ◽

Molecular Flexibility ◽

Water Based ◽

Filtration Properties

The effect of molecular flexibility on the rheological and filtration properties of synthetic polymers used as fluid loss additives in water-based drilling fluid was investigated.

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