Personalised REsponses to DIetary Composition Trial (PREDICT): an intervention study to determine inter-individual differences in postprandial response to foods

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Berry ◽  
David Drew ◽  
Inbar Linenberg ◽  
Jonathan Wolf ◽  
George Hadjigeorgiou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Intervention Study ◽  
Standardized Test ◽  
Metabolic Response ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Massachusetts General Hospital ◽  
Initial Study ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Dietary Composition

Abstract The Personalised REsponses to DIetary Composition Trial (PREDICT) was a single-arm, single-blind intervention study that utilized both standardized “test” meals and captured “free-living” non-standardized food consumption, to predict an individual’s metabolic response to foods based on the person’s characteristics (including their metabolomic and gut microbiome profiles), meal composition (macronutrients and energy content) and meal context (including time of day, sleep and exercise). The initial study commenced in June 2018 and targeted 1,000 generally healthy participants between the ages of 18 and 65 years for enrollment in the United Kingdom, and recruited from the existing and ongoing TwinsUK research cohort and the general population. In December 2018, an independent trial mirroring the UK protocol was launched in parallel at Massachusetts General Hospital to serve as a US-based validation cohort including 100 healthy individuals in the general population. The overall objective of these trials was to predict glucose, insulin, lipid and other postprandial responses to foods based on the individual’s characteristics, including molecular biomarkers and lifestyle factors as well as the nutritional composition of the food. The studies, collectively termed PREDICT 1, were completed in May 2019. The study has delivered highly-dimensional multi-omic data from which the predictors of individual postprandial responses have been determined. These findings will be used to design personalized dietary interventions focused on key health outcomes. This protocol is registered with the US National Institutes of Health trial registry, ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03479866.

scholarly journals Nutritional Composition and Physio-Chemical Properties of Peeled and Unpeeled Yam Flour (White Yam, Dioscorea rotundata)

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 735-735
Author(s):  
Oyetunji Akinola
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Evaluation ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Nutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Yam Flour

Abstract Objectives The main shelf-stable product of yam is the traditional yam flour (elubo), Yams (Dioscorea spp.) which are regarded as traditional foods are consumed in various ways but majorly consumed as yam flour in the south west region of Nigeria. This study investigated the physical, functional and sensory properties and anti-nutrients contents of peeled and unpeeled yam flour. Methods Yam bought in the popular market production procedures were followed, washing, peeling and slicing, parboiling, steeping. draining, drying, milling, and packaging for peeled yam and unpeeled yam peeling was not included in the process, the two samples were analyzed chemically according to the official methods of analysis described by the Association of Official Analytical Chemist as well as sensory evaluation. Results The results of the study confirmed the significant difference in the micro nutrients content of peeled and unpeeled yam flour in fats and water soluble vitamins respectively (K µg/100 g = 6.97,11.83, Fe(mg/kg) = 95.2, 126.9, minerals content Zn(mg/kg) 13.48, 22.92, Fe(mg/kg) 95.2126.9 and anti-nutrient properties of the ‘Amala’ made from the two products (peeled and unpeeled yam flour) the percentage of Tannin 0.0023, 0.0010 and Hydrocynaide (mg/kg) 0.92, 1.01.The proximate analysis of unpeeled yam four indicated a high value than that of peeled yam flour in protein (2.47, 2.28), fats (1.86, 0.54), ash (3.59, 2.32), and fibre (3.09, 1.31) of both samples respectively but the energy content derived from the ‘amala’ made from unpeeled yam flour is lesser to that of peeled yam flour. Significant exist between the two samples in sensory evaluation of taste, texture, color, mouldability, aroma and general acceptability. Conclusions The result shown that the consumption of unpeeled yam flour can be useful in treatment of nutrient deficiencies diseases. Funding Sources Self.

Modelling the effects of thermal environment and dietary composition on pig performance: model logic and concepts

2003 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.J. Wellock ◽  
G.C. Emmans ◽  
I. Kyriazakis
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Performance Model ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Dietary Composition ◽  
Current State ◽  
Deterministic Dynamic ◽  
Climatic Environment

AbstractA deterministic, dynamic pig growth model is described that predicts the effects of genotype and the thermal and nutritional environments on food intake, growth and body composition of growing pigs. From the daily potential for protein gain, as determined by pig genotype and current state, the potential gains of the other chemical components, including ‘desired’ lipid gain, are calculated. Unconstrained voluntary food intake is predicted from the current protein and lipid contents of the pig, and the composition of the food, as that which is needed to permit potential growth to be achieved. The model allows compensatory lipid gain. The composition of the food is described in terms of its digestible energy content (DEC), ideal digestible crude protein content (IDCPC) and bulkiness. Both energy and protein can be limiting resources and the bulk of the food may constrain intake. The animal’s capacity for bulk is a function of its size. The thermal environment is described by the ambient temperature, wind speed, floor type and humidity and sets the maximum (HLmax) and minimum (HLmin) values possible for heat loss. A comparison with heat production (HP) determines whether the environment is hot (HP > HLmax), cold (HP < HLmin) or thermoneutral (HLmin< HP < HLmax). A constraint on intake operates in hot environments, while in cold environments, there is an extra thermal demand. If conditions are thermoneutral no further action is taken. Daily gains of each of the chemical components are calculated by partitioning energy intake between protein and lipid gains according only to the energy to protein ratio of the food. The model builds on the work of others in the literature as it allows predictions on how changes in: (i) the kind of pig; (ii) the animal’s current state, which is particularly relevant in cases of compensatory growth; (iii) the dietary composition, and; (iv) the climatic environment, affect food intake and growth, whilst maintaining simplicity and flexibility.

Nutritional composition of the diet of the gorilla (Gorilla beringei): a comparison between two montane habitats

2007 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 673-682 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica M. Rothman ◽  
Andrew J. Plumptre ◽  
Ellen S. Dierenfeld ◽  
Alice N. Pell
Keyword(s):  
National Parks ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Democratic Republic Of Congo ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Dietary Composition ◽  
Gorilla Beringei Beringei ◽  
Gorilla Beringei ◽  
Staple Foods ◽  
Matter Basis

The mountain gorilla (Gorilla beringei beringei) lives in two geographically separated populations, Bwindi Impenetrable National Park, Uganda and in three national parks spanning the Virunga mountain region in Rwanda, Democratic Republic of Congo, and Uganda. The altitude, climate and plant composition of these habitats differ. Our goal was to compare the diets of gorillas living in each of these habitats. The nutrients in staple foods and in the diets of individuals in a group of gorillas in Bwindi (N = 12 individuals) and a group in the Virungas (N = 7 individuals) were compared to determine if differences in dietary composition affected concentrations of nutrients in their diets. At both sites gorilla diets consisted primarily of herbaceous leaves, but the diet of Bwindi gorillas contained more tree leaves, fruit, pith and dry wood, and fewer stems. Despite differences in habitat and dietary composition, the nutrient concentrations in both gorilla diets were remarkably similar. On a dry matter basis, the diets and staple foods of Bwindi and Virunga gorillas contained similar concentrations of crude protein (CP), fibre (NDF) and non-structural carbohydrates (TNC). Bwindi gorillas ate diets containing 18% CP, 43% NDF and 19% TNC on a dry-matter basis, while the diets of the Virunga gorillas contained 17% CP, 41% NDF and 18% TNC. Our results demonstrate that gorillas consume diets that differ by plant species and part, but contain similar concentrations of nutrients. This suggests that classifying animals by broad dietary strategy (e.g. frugivory and folivory) does not provide a reliable indicator of the nutritional quality of their diet, and that our previous assumptions about these categories should be re-evaluated.

scholarly journals Reduced glycaemic and insulinaemic responses following trehalose ingestion: implications for postprandial substrate use

2009 ◽  
Vol 102 (10) ◽  
pp. 1395-1399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith G. P. van Can ◽  
T. Herman IJzerman ◽  
Luc J. C. van Loon ◽  
Fred Brouns ◽  
Ellen E. Blaak
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Response ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Insulin Response ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Fat Oxidation ◽  
Mixed Meal ◽  
Glucose Response ◽  
Substrate Use ◽  
Total Energy Content ◽  
Single Blind

The proposed impact of slowly digestible sources of dietary carbohydrate in reducing the risk of developing obesity and related metabolic disorders remains unclear. The aim of the present study was to compare the postprandial metabolic response to the ingestion of glucose v. trehalose. We hypothesised that the reduced digestion and absorption rate of trehalose is accompanied by an attenuated glycaemic and insulinaemic response, leading to a less inhibited postprandial fat oxidation rate. In a randomised, single-blind, cross-over study, ten overweight subjects ingested two carbohydrate drinks (75 g carbohydrate equivalents of trehalose or glucose) following an overnight fast (08.40 hours) and together with a standardised mixed meal (12.30 hours; 25 % total energy content was provided as either glucose or trehalose). Blood samples were collected before ingestion and every 30 min thereafter for a period of 3 h; substrate use was assessed by indirect calorimetry and expired breath samples were collected. Ingestion of carbohydrates with a mixed meal resulted in a lower peak glucose response and a lower change in area under the curve (ΔAUC) following trehalose when compared with glucose. Differences in peak insulin response and ΔAUC were observed with trehalose when compared with glucose during the morning and afternoon. These differences were accompanied with a reduced carbohydrate oxidation after trehalose when ingested as a drink, whilst no significant differences in fat oxidation between drink were observed.

scholarly journals Monitoring the circadian clock in human blood using personalized machine learning

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob J. Hughey
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Clock ◽  
Human Blood ◽  
Cross Validation ◽  
Metabolic Response ◽  
Absolute Error ◽  
Accurate Method ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Circadian Time ◽  
Genome Wide Gene Expression

AbstractThe circadian clock and the rhythms it produces are crucial for human health, but frequently perturbed by the modern environment. At the same time, circadian rhythms may influence the efficacy and toxicity of therapeutics and the metabolic response to food intake. Measuring the body’s response to treatments for circadian dysfunction, as well as optimizing the daily timing of treatments for other health conditions, requires a simple and accurate method for monitoring the circadian clock. Here we used a recently developed method called ZeitZeiger to predict circadian time (CT, time of day according to the circadian clock) from genome-wide gene expression in human blood. In cross-validation on 498 samples from 60 individuals across three publicly available datasets, ZeitZeiger predicted CT in single samples with a median absolute error of 2.1 h. The predictor trained on all 498 samples used 15 genes, only two of which are part of the core circadian clock. We then extended ZeitZeiger to make predictions for groups of samples, and developed a general framework to personalize predictions using samples from only the respective individual. Each of these strategies improved prediction of CT by ~20%. Our results are an important step towards precision circadian medicine.

scholarly journals Assessment and identification of some factors affecting the results of treatment by orthotic bracing for pectus carinatum

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Trinh Quang Dung ◽  
Nguyen Huu Chut ◽  
Tran Vinh Son
Keyword(s):  
Intervention Study ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Pectus Carinatum ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Haller Index ◽  
Results Of Treatment ◽  
End Of Treatment ◽  
Invasive Intervention

Objective: Assessment and identification of some factors affecting the outcome of treatment of children withPectus carinatum by orthotic bracing (Non - Invasive Intervention).Subjectives: 86 children with Pectus carinatum end of treatment and re-examination at the RehabilitationDepartment of Viet Nam National Children’s Hospital from January 2015 to January 2017.Methods: The intervention study no control group.Result: 100% of children improved on deformity. The Haller Index increased from 1.81 before interventionto 2.23 after 36 months of intervention (p <0.001). Some factors related to progression: The Haller Index beforetreatment (B = 0.383, p <0.001). Time of day Wearing the brace (B = 0.017; p <0.001).

scholarly journals The Diet for Edible-Nest Swiftlets: Nutritional Composition and Cost of Life Stages of Megaselia scalaris Loew (Diptera: Phoridae) Bred on 3 Commercial Breeding Materials

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 117954331882353
Author(s):  
Hamdan Ahmad ◽  
Song-Quan Ong ◽  
Eng Hua Tan
Keyword(s):  
Egg Production ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Mass Rearing ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
The Other ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Megaselia Scalaris ◽  
Feeding Methods ◽  
Commercial Breeding ◽  
Third Instar Larvae

Megaselia scalaris (Loew) is one of the best-known diets for the swiftlet. Previous studies have addressed the problem of some mass rearing conditions for this insect; unfortunately, the details of the nutritional composition of the life stages and cost of the breeding materials were insufficiently reported, even though this information is crucial for farming the edible-nest swiftlet. We aimed to investigate the nutritional composition of the life stages of M scalaris on a cost basis using 3 common commercial breeding materials: chicken pellets (CPs), fish pellets (FPs), and mouse pellets (MPs). Modified Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC) proximate and mineral analyses were carried out on the insect’s third instar larvae, pupal, and adult stages to determine the nutritional composition. Regardless of the breeding materials, the adult stage of M scalaris had significantly higher crude protein than the other stages; the pupae were rich in calcium, which is required for egg production; and the third instar larvae had the highest amount of crude fat compared with the other stages. Regarding the energy content, there were no significant differences among the stages according to the breeding materials. In terms of nutritional cost, CP was the most economic breeding material and generated the highest amount of nutrients per US dollar (US $). Different life stages of M scalaris were used by the swiftlets by supplying the required nutrients, and future studies should focus on effective diet feeding methods.

scholarly journals A multicentre study of street foods purchased in urban areas of Central Asia: the FEEDCities Project

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
S Sousa ◽  
N Lunet ◽  
M Gelormini ◽  
J Jewell ◽  
I Morais ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Systematic Sampling ◽  
Trans Fat ◽  
Street Food ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Food Composition Tables

Abstract Background Street food (SF) is a strong tradition in Central Asia, where urbanization and westernization of food habits is occurring. Research on SF consumption is scarce, and crucial to understand its implications for public health. This study aims to describe the SF purchases in urban areas of Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan and Kazakhstan. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in Dushanbe, Bishkek, Ashgabat and Almaty in 2016/2017. SF markets (n = 34) and vending sites (n = 270) were selected by random and systematic sampling. Data on customers’ characteristics and food items purchased was collected by direct observation. Nutritional composition of the food items (n = 852) was obtained by laboratorial analysis (n = 582) or food composition tables and labels (n = 270). Results A total of 714 customers were identified. The most commonly purchased foods and beverages were savoury pastries/snacks (23.2%), main dishes (19.0%), sweet pastries/confectionery (17.9%), tea/coffee (11.3%) and soft drinks/juices (9.8%). Fruit was the least frequently purchased food (1.1%). Nearly one-third of customers purchased industrial food items; this proportion was significantly higher in Kazakhstan (43.2%) and Turkmenistan (32.3%). The median energy content of a SF purchase ranged between 352kcal (Tajikistan) and 568kcal (Turkmenistan). The median saturated (SFA) and trans fat contents were 4.74g and 0.36g, respectively; the highest values were 9.01g for SFA (Turkmenistan) and 0.60g for trans fat (Kazakhstan), accounting for 40.6% and 27.3% of the maximum daily recommendations, respectively. Sodium-potassium ratio was far above recommended, reaching the highest values of 6.57 and 5.17 in Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan. Conclusions Frequent purchase of industrial food reflects a shift to a westernized dietary pattern. Public health policies in these settings should aim to increase fruit availability and to improve SF nutritional composition, namely its lipid profile and sodium content. Key messages A relevant proportion of customers bought industrial foods, while fruit was rarely purchased, reflecting the nutrition transition process that is occurring in developing countries. Street food meals showed concerning levels of saturated fat, trans-fat and sodium, which must be considered when designing strategies targeted to improve the urban food environment in these settings.

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