scholarly journals The Association between Gut Microbiota and Intestinal Toll-like Receptors Genes Expression in Adenomatous and Colorectal Cancerous patients

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sama Rezasoltani ◽  
Maryam Sharafkhah ◽  
Hamid Asadzadeh Aghdaei ◽  
Meysam Olfatifar ◽  
Ehsan Nazemalhosseini Mojarad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Bacteroides Fragilis ◽  
Normal Group ◽  
Adenomatous Polyposis ◽  
Toll Like Receptors ◽  
Genes Expression

Abstract Background: Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling has been implicated in colorectal cancer (CRC) development. Intestinal microbiota can affect the expression of TLRs, which may induce inflammatory responses and impair the gut homeostasis. Here, we aimed to evaluate certain intestinal microbiota related to TLRs expression in colonic tissues of adenomatous polyposis and CRC patients. Results: Fecal and colonic tissue samples were collected from normal controls (NC), adenomatous (AP) cases and (CRC) patients via colonoscopy for CRC screening during 2016 to 2018. Fecal samples were collected to analyze intestinal bacteria including Streptococcus bovis , Enterococcus faecalis , Bacteroides fragilis , enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis (ETBF) , Fusobacterium nucleatum , Porphyromonas gingivalis, Porphyromonas spp . and Roseburia spp . by real-time PCR. Gene expression of TLR2, TLR4 and TLR5 was examined in colonic tissues by qRT-PCR. Different abundant of gut bacteria were achieved in NC, AP and CRC groups. The genes expression of TLR2, TLR4 and TLR5 were significantly different in AP and CRC cases vs. normal group (P value <0.05). There was a significant relationship between TLR2, TLR4, TLR5 genes expression and Roseburia spp., P. gingivalis and ETBF quantity in normal group. Also significant association between TLR2, TLR4 genes expression levels and the quantity of S.bovis , ETBF, Roseburia spp. and E. faecalis in AP and CRC cases were achieved. Conclusion : Intestinal expression of TLR2, TLR4 and TLR5 is dynamic and depends on gut microbiota. Hence, altered immune activation in response to dysbiotic microbiota may promote intestinal inflammation in a group of patients with AP and CRC. Keyword: Adenomatous polyposis; colorectal cancer; gut microbiota; Toll-like receptors; intestinal inflammation

scholarly journals A Crosstalk between Diet, Microbiome and microRNA in Epigenetic Regulation of Colorectal Cancer

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 2428
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Guz ◽  
Witold Jeleniewicz ◽  
Anna Malm ◽  
Izabela Korona-Glowniak
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Disease States ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Dietary Components ◽  
Non Coding Rnas

A still growing interest between human nutrition in relation to health and disease states can be observed. Dietary components shape the composition of microbiota colonizing our gastrointestinal tract which play a vital role in maintaining human health. There is a strong evidence that diet, gut microbiota and their metabolites significantly influence our epigenome, particularly through the modulation of microRNAs. These group of small non-coding RNAs maintain cellular homeostasis, however any changes leading to impaired expression of miRNAs contribute to the development of different pathologies, including neoplastic diseases. Imbalance of intestinal microbiota due to diet is primary associated with the development of colorectal cancer as well as other types of cancers. In the present work we summarize current knowledge with particular emphasis on diet-microbiota-miRNAs axis and its relation to the development of colorectal cancer.

scholarly journals Gut Microbiota, Fusobacteria, and Colorectal Cancer

Diseases ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dervla Kelly ◽  
Liying Yang ◽  
Zhiheng Pei
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Tumor Development ◽  
Host Responses ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Bacterial Microbiota ◽  
Promote Tumor Growth ◽  
Tumor Environment ◽  
Protective Strategies

The gut microbiota has emerged as an environmental contributor to colorectal cancer (CRC) in both animal models and human studies. It is now generally accepted that bacteria are ubiquitous colonizers of all exposed human body surfaces, including the entire alimentary tract (5). Recently, the concept that a normal bacterial microbiota is essential for the development of inflammation-induced carcinoma has emerged from studies of well-known colonic bacterial microbiota. This review explores the evidence for a role of fusobacteria, an anaerobic gram-negative bacterium that has repeatedly been detected at colorectal tumor sites in higher abundance than surrounding histologically normal tissue. Mechanistic studies provide insight on the interplay between fusobacteria, other gut microbiota, barrier functions, and host responses. Studies have shown that fusobacteria activate host inflammatory responses designed to protect against pathogens that promote tumor growth. We discuss how future research identifying the pathophysiology underlying fusobacteria colon colonization during colorectal cancer may lead to new therapeutic targets for cancer. Furthermore, disease-protective strategies suppressing tumor development by targeting the local tumor environment via bacteria represent another exciting avenue for researchers and are highlighted in this review.

scholarly journals The gastrointestinal microbiota and colorectal cancer

2015 ◽  
Vol 308 (5) ◽  
pp. G351-G363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Temitope O. Keku ◽  
Santosh Dulal ◽  
April Deveaux ◽  
Biljana Jovov ◽  
Xuesong Han
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Western World ◽  
Cell Physiology ◽  
Energy Regulation ◽  
Gastrointestinal Microbiota ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Important Player

The human gut is home to a complex and diverse microbiota that contributes to the overall homeostasis of the host. Increasingly, the intestinal microbiota is recognized as an important player in human illness such as colorectal cancer (CRC), inflammatory bowel diseases, and obesity. CRC in itself is one of the major causes of cancer mortality in the Western world. The mechanisms by which bacteria contribute to CRC are complex and not fully understood, but increasing evidence suggests a link between the intestinal microbiota and CRC as well as diet and inflammation, which are believed to play a role in carcinogenesis. It is thought that the gut microbiota interact with dietary factors to promote chronic inflammation and CRC through direct influence on host cell physiology, cellular homeostasis, energy regulation, and/or metabolism of xenobiotics. This review provides an overview on the role of commensal gut microbiota in the development of human CRC and explores its association with diet and inflammation.

scholarly journals The phytonutrient cinnamaldehyde limits intestinal inflammation and enteric parasite infection

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling Zhu ◽  
Audrey I.S. Andersen-Civil ◽  
Laura J. Myhill ◽  
Stig M. Thamsborg ◽  
Witold Kot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Host Responses ◽  
Mucosal Inflammation ◽  
Enteric Infection ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph Nodes

AbstractPhytonutrients such as cinnamaldehyde (CA) have been studied for their effects on metabolic diseases, but their influence on mucosal inflammation and immunity to enteric infection are not well documented. Here, we show that consumption of CA significantly down-regulates transcriptional pathways connected to inflammation in the small intestine of mice. During infection with the enteric helminth Heligomosomoides polygyrus, CA-treated mice displayed higher growth rates and less worms, concomitant with altered T-cell populations in mesenteric lymph nodes. Furthermore, infection-induced changes in gene pathways connected to cell cycle and mitotic activity were counteracted by CA. Mechanically, CA did not appear to exert activity through a prebiotic effect, as CA treatment did not significantly change the composition of the gut microbiota. Instead, in vitro experiments showed that CA directly induced xenobiotic metabolizing pathways in intestinal epithelial cells and suppressed endotoxin-induced inflammatory responses in macrophages. Thus, CA down-regulates inflammatory pathways in the intestinal mucosa and regulates host responses to enteric infection. These properties appear to be largely independent of the gut microbiota and instead connected to CA’s ability to induce antioxidant pathways in intestinal cells. Our results encourage further investigation into the use of CA and related phytonutrients as functional food components to promote intestinal health in humans and animals.

scholarly journals Gut Microbiota Manipulation as a Tool for Colorectal Cancer Management: Recent Advances in Its Use for Therapeutic Purposes

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (15) ◽  
pp. 5389
Author(s):  
Federica Perillo ◽  
Chiara Amoroso ◽  
Francesco Strati ◽  
Maria Rita Giuffrè ◽  
Angélica Díaz-Basabe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Targeted Therapies ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Cancer Recurrence ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Cancer Management ◽  
Host Microbe Interactions

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a multifaceted disease influenced by both environmental and genetic factors. A large body of literature has demonstrated the role of gut microbes in promoting inflammatory responses, creating a suitable microenvironment for the development of skewed interactions between the host and the gut microbiota and cancer initiation. Even if surgery is the primary therapeutic strategy, patients with advanced disease or cancer recurrence after surgery remain difficult to cure. Therefore, the gut microbiota has been proposed as a novel therapeutic target in light of recent promising data in which it seems to modulate the response to cancer immunotherapy. The use of microbe-targeted therapies, including antibiotics, prebiotics, live biotherapeutics, and fecal microbiota transplantation, is therefore considered to support current therapies in CRC management. In this review, we will discuss the importance of host−microbe interactions in CRC and how promoting homeostatic immune responses through microbe-targeted therapies may be useful in preventing/treating CRC development.

scholarly journals Potential Mechanisms of Probiotics Action in the Prevention and Treatment of Colorectal Cancer

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Molska ◽  
Julita Reguła
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Processed Meat ◽  
Physicochemical Conditions ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Antioxidant Metabolites ◽  
Prevention Of Cancer ◽  
Vegetables And Fruits

Colorectal cancer is one of the most common and most diagnosed cancers in the world. There are many predisposing factors, for example, genetic predisposition, smoking, or a diet rich in red, processed meat and poor in vegetables and fruits. Probiotics may be helpful in the prevention of cancer and may provide support during treatment. The main aim of this study is to characterize the potential mechanisms of action of probiotics, in particular the prevention and treatment of colorectal cancer. Probiotics’ potential mechanisms of action are, for example, modification of intestinal microbiota, improvement of colonic physicochemical conditions, production of anticancerogenic and antioxidant metabolites against carcinogenesis, a decrease in intestinal inflammation, and the production of harmful enzymes. The prevention of colorectal cancer is associated with favorable quantitative and qualitative changes in the intestinal microbiota, as well as changes in metabolic activity and in the physicochemical conditions of the intestine. In addition, it is worth noting that the effect depends on the bacterial strain, as well as on the dose administered.

scholarly journals Direct impact of commonly used dietary emulsifiers on human gut microbiota

Microbiome ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabrine Naimi ◽  
Emilie Viennois ◽  
Andrew T. Gewirtz ◽  
Benoit Chassaing
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Food Additives ◽  
Polysorbate 80 ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Epidemiologic Evidence ◽  
And Function

Abstract Background Epidemiologic evidence and animal studies implicate dietary emulsifiers in contributing to the increased prevalence of diseases associated with intestinal inflammation, including inflammatory bowel diseases and metabolic syndrome. Two synthetic emulsifiers in particular, carboxymethylcellulose and polysorbate 80, profoundly impact intestinal microbiota in a manner that promotes gut inflammation and associated disease states. In contrast, the extent to which other food additives with emulsifying properties might impact intestinal microbiota composition and function is not yet known. Methods To help fill this knowledge gap, we examined here the extent to which a human microbiota, maintained ex vivo in the MiniBioReactor Array model, was impacted by 20 different commonly used dietary emulsifiers. Microbiota density, composition, gene expression, and pro-inflammatory potential (bioactive lipopolysaccharide and flagellin) were measured daily. Results In accordance with previous studies, both carboxymethylcellulose and polysorbate 80 induced a lasting seemingly detrimental impact on microbiota composition and function. While many of the other 18 additives tested had impacts of similar extent, some, such as lecithin, did not significantly impact microbiota in this model. Particularly stark detrimental impacts were observed in response to various carrageenans and gums, which altered microbiota density, composition, and expression of pro-inflammatory molecules. Conclusions These results indicate that numerous, but not all, commonly used emulsifiers can directly alter gut microbiota in a manner expected to promote intestinal inflammation. Moreover, these data suggest that clinical trials are needed to reduce the usage of the most detrimental compounds in favor of the use of emulsifying agents with no or low impact on the microbiota.

scholarly journals Potential Role of the Gut Microbiome In Colorectal Cancer Progression

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaeho Kim ◽  
Heung Kyu Lee
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Host Immune System ◽  
Anti Cancer

An increasing number of studies have revealed that the progression of colorectal cancer (CRC) is related to gut microbiome composition. Under normal conditions, the gut microbiome acts as a barrier to other pathogens or infections in the intestine and modulates inflammation by affecting the host immune system. These gut microbiota are not only related to the intestinal inflammation associated with tumorigenesis but also modulation of the anti-cancer immune response. Thus, they are associated with tumor progression and anti-cancer treatment efficacy. Studies have shown that the gut microbiota can be used as biomarkers to predict the effect of immunotherapy and improve the efficacy of immunotherapy in treating CRC through modulation. In this review, we discuss the role of the gut microbiome as revealed by recent studies of the growth and progression of CRC along with its synergistic effect with anti-cancer treatment modalities.

scholarly journals The Association between Gut Microbiota and Intestinal Toll-like Receptors Genes Expression in Adenomatous and Colorectal Cancerous patients

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sama Rezasoltani ◽  
Maryam Sharafkhah ◽  
Hamid Asadzadeh Aghdaei ◽  
Meysam Olfatifar ◽  
Ehsan Nazemalhosseini Mojarad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Toll Like Receptors ◽  
Genes Expression

Abstract The authors have withdrawn this preprint from Research Square

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