scholarly journals Paternal melanisation defines wing spot area of male Drosophila nepalensis: supporting evidence through genetic crosses.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seema Ramniwas ◽  
Divya Singh
Keyword(s):  
Female Body ◽  
Supporting Evidence ◽  
High Plasticity ◽  
Male Body ◽  
Female Progeny ◽  
Spot Area ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Very High ◽  
Spot Formation

Abstract Males of Drosophila nepalensis show dimorphism in wing melanisation but how they evolve and coordinate during evolution is unknown. Heterogeneity in environment helps individuals to adapt accordingly either through genetic polymorphism or through phenotypic plasticity. In this study, we tried to untangle the genetic architecture underlying differences in wing melanisation in males because in nature the frequency of spotted and spotless males is different. We investigated the variation in wing spot formation in males of D. nepalensis via genetic cross. We found wing spot formation on wings in male is directly correlated to female body melanization. We report that the wing spot of D. nepalensis show very high plasticity and correlated with female body melanization instead of male body melanzation. Only at 21°C temperature we found darker and complete light females, dark female progeny always produced male with spotted wing whereas lighter female produced male without wing spot. The degree of wing melanisation in males of D. nepalensis was assessed to check plasticity patterns. We investigated that increased wing spot area (WSA) is negatively correlated with higher temperature. Finally, we find wing spot is highly correlated in reciprocal progeny due to linkage or pleiotropy which could help in evolution.

scholarly journals Hyperfine structure in the arc spectrum of cæsium and nuclear rotation

1928 ◽  
Vol 121 (787) ◽  
pp. 432-447 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Hyperfine Structure ◽  
Nuclear Spin ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Principal Series ◽  
Very High Frequency ◽  
Nuclear Rotation ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Mechanical Moment ◽  
Very High

The arc spectrum of cæsium was investigated with the object of finding whether any of its lines possessed hyperfine structure, resulting from a nuclear magnetic moment, due to a quantised nuclear spin. The lines belonging to the principal series should, owing to the greater degree of penetration of the electron in the (1 s or 6 1 ) orbit, and the correspondingly greater interaction, show the greatest effect. The lines of the principal series are very easily broadened if the vapour pressure of the metal becomes high, so that great care had to be used in obtaining the spectrum of cæsium at a sufficiently low temperature. The most satisfactory method of excitation was found to be the application by means of external electrodes of a very high frequency alternating current to a tube filled with helium at about 2 mm. pressure containing a small quantity of cæsium. The tube required slight heating to bring out the cæsium lines; without this the helium spectrum was very much stronger than the metallic spectrum. At a very low vapour pressures of cæsium the discharge was blue in colour. Under these conditions the lines of the principal series showed no broadening greater than that due to thermal agitation, but at a slightly higher temperature the colour of the discharge became purple and the lines broadened. The lines belonging to the principal series were found to be very close doublets with very nearly constant frequencies differences. A theory is worked out which explains the origin of these doublets, assuming a nuclear spin of one half quantum; by correlating the difference in the separation of the hyperfine structure doublets in the 1 s — m 2 p 3/2 lines and the 1 s — m 2 p 1/2 lines, it is shown that a ratio of the magnetic to the mechanical moment of the nucleus about twice as great as the corresponding ratio for the electron would account for the observed frequency differences. The spectral notation used throughout is that of Hund. The results are compared with those found for the hyperfine structure of some of the bismuth lines by Back and Goudsmid, and are found to be in satisfactory agreement. A selection principle is found which applies both to the bismuth and the cæsium spectrum.

Pregnant Men

2019 ◽  
pp. 102-122
Author(s):  
Michael Davidson
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Female Body ◽  
Comparative Anatomy ◽  
Test Tube ◽  
Djuna Barnes ◽  
Male Body ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Classical Literature

Chapter 5 investigates the idea of biofuturity within modernism, focusing specifically on the figure of male maternity in Djuna Barnes’ Nightwood and in Virginia Woolf’s Orlando. Although the figure of the pregnant male occurs in ancient and classical literature it surfaces significantly among modernist works—Apollinaire’s Les Mamelles de Tiresias, Marinetti’s Mafarka the Futurist, Joyce’s Ulysses, Freud’s Schreber case—at a moment when biological life was being reimagined through the optic of eugenic science and comparative anatomy. Representations of the pregnant male foreground the spectacle of reproduction loosed from its putative organic site in the female body and displace it elsewhere—the test tube, the surrogate womb, the male body, and, not insignificantly, the novel. This displacement is both a queering and cripping of normative attitudes toward reproductive health and the futures that such embodiment implies.

Temperature relevant performance and calibration of spin-valve sensor

Sensor Review ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 881-886
Author(s):  
Huachen Zhu ◽  
Zhenghong Qian ◽  
Jiaofeng Zhang ◽  
Yucheng Sun ◽  
Ru Bai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spin Valve ◽  
Temperature Stability ◽  
Lower Sensitivity ◽  
Temperature Drift ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Drift Model ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose It has been noted that the spin-valve sensor exhibits lower sensitivity with higher temperature because of the variation of GMR ratio, which could lead to the measurement error in applications where working temperature changes largely over seasons or times. This paper aims to investigate and compensate the temperature effect of the spin-valve sensor. Design/methodology/approach A spin-valve sensor is fabricated based on microelectronic process, and its temperature relevant properties are investigated, in which the transfer curves are acquired within a temperature range of −50°C to 125°C with a Helmholtz coil and temperature chamber. Findings It is found that the sensitivity of spin-valve sensor decreases with temperature linearly, where the temperature coefficient is calculated at −0.25 %/°C. The relationship between sensitivity of spin-valve sensor and temperature is well-modeled. Originality/value The temperature drift model of the spin-valve sensor’s sensitivity is highly correlated with tested results, which could be used to compensate the temperature influence on the sensor output. A self-compensation sensor system is proposed and built based on the expression modeled for the temperature dependence of the sensor, which exhibits a great improvement on temperature stability.

scholarly journals Maternal caffeine intake during pregnancy and childhood growth and overweight: results from a large Norwegian prospective observational cohort study

BMJ Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. e018895 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleni Papadopoulou ◽  
Jérémie Botton ◽  
Anne-Lise Brantsæter ◽  
Margaretha Haugen ◽  
Jan Alexander ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Individual Growth ◽  
Caffeine Intake ◽  
Supporting Evidence ◽  
Caffeine Consumption ◽  
Childhood Growth ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Very High

ObjectivesTo study the association between maternal caffeine intake during pregnancy and the child’s weight gain and overweight risk up to 8 years.DesignProspective nationwide pregnancy cohort.SettingThe Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study.ParticipantsA total of 50 943 mothers recruited from 2002 to 2008 and their children, after singleton pregnancies, with information about average caffeine intake assessed at mid-pregnancy.Outcome measureChild’s body size information at 11 age points from 6 weeks to 8 years. We defined excess growth in infancy as a WHO weight gain z-score of >0.67 from birth to age 1 year, and overweight according to the International Obesity Task Force. We used a growth model to assess individual growth trajectories.ResultsCompared with pregnant women with low caffeine intake (<50 mg/day, 46%), women with average (50–199 mg/day, 44%), high (≥200–299 mg/day, 7%) and very high (≥300 mg/day, 3%) caffeine intakes had an increased risk of their child experiencing excess growth in infancy, after adjustment for confounders (OR=1.15, 95% CI 1.09 to 1.22, OR=1.30, 95% CI 1.16 to 1.45, OR=1.66, 95% CI 1.42 to 1.93, respectively). In utero exposure to any caffeine was associated with higher risk of overweight at age 3 years and 5 years, while the association persisted at 8 years, only for very high exposures. Any caffeine intake was associated with increased body mass index from infancy to childhood. Children prenatally exposed to caffeine intake >200 mg/day had consistently higher weight. Very high caffeine exposures were associated with higher weight gain velocity from infancy to age 8 years.ConclusionAny caffeine consumption during pregnancy is associated with a higher risk of excess infant growth and of childhood overweight, mainly at preschool ages. Maternal caffeine intake may modify the overall weight growth trajectory of the child from birth to 8 years. This study adds supporting evidence for the current advice to reduce caffeine intake during pregnancy.

Regional differences in catecholamine concentrations in bovine ovaries analysed by high-performance liquid chromatography

1991 ◽  
Vol 129 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Denning-Kendall ◽  
M. L. Wild ◽  
Wathes D. C.
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Very High

ABSTRACT Bovine corpora lutea and ovarian stroma were analysed by high-performance liquid chromatography for catecholamine content. High concentrations (up to 102 nmol/g wet weight) were found in both 'central' stroma, containing many blood vessels, and 'peripheral' stroma. Central stroma contained noradrenaline and some dopamine, whereas peripheral stroma contained a higher proportion of dopamine and also significant amounts of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC). Occasional samples of stroma had very high amounts of dopamine, suggesting that it is stored in specific regions. Corpora lutea, although devoid of direct innervation, contained dopamine (up to 5·3 nmol/g) and noradrenaline (up to 1·2 nmol/g). The average dopamine: noradrenaline molar ratio was 1·19 : 1 and the concentrations of dopamine and noradrenaline were highly correlated (P < 0·002). The concentration of dopamine was significantly higher in the early luteal phase of the oestrous cycle than during the rest of the cycle or in pregnancy. The levels of noradrenaline and dopamine present in corpora lutea are sufficient to modulate the production of both oxytocin and progesterone by luteal cells in vitro. Journal of Endocrinology (1991) 129, 221–226

scholarly journals Composition and Distribution of Pythium Communities in Wheat Fields in Eastern Washington State

2003 ◽  
Vol 93 (7) ◽  
pp. 867-873 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. C. Paulitz ◽  
K. Adams
Keyword(s):  
Soil Type ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Annual Precipitation ◽  
Frequency Distributions ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Eastern Washington ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Average Annual Precipitation

Pythium spp. were isolated from a mixture of soil and roots collected from 80 wheat fields in eastern Washington in the summer of 2000 from an area encompassing approximately 27,000 km2. These sites covered a range of soil textures (coarse to fine, silty loess), average annual precipitation (200 to 600 mm), and average annual temperatures (7 to 11°C). Soil type and annual precipitation run in an east-west gradient, while temperature has a north-south gradient. Species were identified using classical methods and by sequencing the internal transcribed spacer (ITS)-1 region of the rDNA and comparing these sequences to a database from a worldwide collection of Pythium spp. The species with the highest frequency of occurrence among all the sites were P. abappressorium sp. nov. (A) (50%), P. rostratum (R) (40%), P. debaryanum (D) (37.5%), P. heterothallicum (H) (33.7%), P.oligandrum (O) (31.2%), an unidentified P. sp. (aff. echinulatum) (E) (25%), and P. ultimum (U) (18%). P. intermedium, P. irregulare, P. paroecandrum, P. sylvaticum, P. dissimile, and P. dissoticum were isolated at a low frequency. From one to six species were isolated at each site, and there were 46 different species combinations detected. The species presence/absence data from all sites were analyzed with Jaccard's similarity coefficient hierarchical cluster analysis. Six communities were identified (species within each community designation in order of frequency among the sites within the community)-AD, AOU, AR, DEH, HE, and RU. In general, P. abappressorium was evenly distributed over all zones. AOU was more prevalent in zones with lower precipitation and coarser soil, while DEH and HE were associated with zones with higher precipitation and finer-textured soils on the basis of comparison of frequency distributions with the expected distribution over all the sites. The RU community was more prevalent in higher temperature zones. Canonical correspondence analysis was performed to examine the relationship between species and environmental variables. Soil type and precipitation were highly correlated with each other and with axis 1, which separated P. ultimum and P. abappressorium (lower variable values) from P. heterothallicum (higher variable values). Axis 2 and 3 were most correlated with temperature, and these axes separated P. oligandrum (higher value) from P. debaryanum (lower value) and P. ultimum-P. rostratum from the other species. The results suggest that Pythium species composition, distributions, and associations on a given crop may be influenced by environmental factors at a mesoscale level (100 to 1,000,000 ha).

Note on Males' and Females' Preferences for Opposite-Sex Body Parts, Bust Sizes, and Bust-Revealing Clothing

1976 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 485-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert W. Wildman ◽  
Robert W. Wildman ◽  
Archie Brown ◽  
Carol Trice
Keyword(s):  
Young Women ◽  
Female Body ◽  
Body Part ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Male Body ◽  
Opposite Sex ◽  
Males And Females

In Study 1, 55 young women responded that they preferred men with hairy chests and circumcised penises. The chest was the male body part reported to be most “sexually stimulating” to females. The busts were the female body part most “sexually stimulating” to males ( n = 34). In Study 2, men ( n = 35) preferred larger busts than women typically possess on the average, but the women ( n = 48) tended to overestimate the bust size most preferred by males. The ratings of bust-revealing clothing showed the males were more desirous of actually seeing the naked bust than females appear to realize.

Frequency-dependent selection by predators

1988 ◽  
Vol 319 (1196) ◽  
pp. 485-503 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Prey Density ◽  
Prey Species ◽  
Colour Pattern ◽  
Supporting Evidence ◽  
Frequency Dependent ◽  
Frequency Dependent Selection ◽  
Apostatic Selection ◽  
High Selection ◽  
Very High

Sometimes predators tend to concentrate on common varieties of prey and overlook rare ones. Within prey species, this could result in the fitness of each variety being inversely related to its frequency in the population. Such frequency-dependent or ‘apostatic’ selection by predators hunting by sight could maintain polymorphism for colour pattern, and much of the supporting evidence for this idea has come from work on birds and artificial prey. These and other studies have shown that the strength of the observed selection is affected by prey density, palatability, coloration and conspicuousness. When the prey density is very high, selection becomes ‘antiapostatic’: predators preferentially remove rare prey. There is still much to be learned about frequency-dependent selection by predators on artificial prey: work on natural polymorphic prey has hardly begun.

scholarly journals Mineralogical composition and physical characteristics of marly soils from Heraklion Crete

2001 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 851
Author(s):  
Α. ΤΣΙΡΑΜΠΙΔΗΣ ◽  
Θ. ΠΑΠΑΛΙΑΓΚΑΣ
Keyword(s):  
Clay Minerals ◽  
Clay Fraction ◽  
Soil Classification ◽  
Mineralogical Composition ◽  
Liquid Limit ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
High Plasticity ◽  
Degree Of Consolidation ◽  
Very High

The mainly white-yellow marly soils studied present medium degree of consolidation and induration. The predominant grain size of the non - carbonate constituents is that of silt varying from 34 to 64%. According to the textural classification of soils of the SSDS the samples are mainly silty-clay loams with moisture capacity 30-40%. In the untreated samples in decreasing abundance the following minerals predominate: calcite (31-59%), clay minerals (20-34%) and quartz (12-20%). In the clay fraction (<2μπι) in decreasing abundance the following clay minerals (in discrete and interstratified phases) predominate: illite, smectite and vermiculite. Chlorite and kaolinite are missing. Mineralogically the marly soils are immature, because of the extended presence of Fe-Mg minerals (i.e. amphiboles, pyroxenes and clay minerals). According to the Unified Soil Classification System of the ASTM the studied marly soils mainly belong to the groups MH and CH (inorganic silts and inorganic clays respectively with high plasticity and liquid limit >50%), as well as to the group CL (inorganic clays with low plasticity and liquid limit <50%). The degree of consolidation and induration, as well as of compaction of these soils is medium. They contain significant amounts of discrete or interstratified smectite and mainly present high to very high swelling potential and activity between 0.5 and 2.0. It is concluded that specific precautions must be taken into account, when it is unavoidable the foundation of various constructions on these marly soils, because they swell and shrink extensively.

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