scholarly journals Synthesis and Characterization of Dual-Ion-Crosslinked Magnetic Sodium Alginate-Based Fe-SA-Y@Fe3O4 Biogel Composite with Ultrastrong Performance for Azo Dye Removal

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beigang Li ◽  
Ting Lv ◽  
Yanlong Shen
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Alginate ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Azo Dye ◽  
Dye Adsorption ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Isothermal Model ◽  
Preparation Conditions ◽  
Adsorption Processes ◽  
Pseudo Second Order

Abstract Magnetic sodium alginate(SA)-based biogel composite Fe-SA-Y@Fe3O4 macroparticles were polymerized by co-crosslinking of yttrium(III) and iron(III) ions according to the optimized preparation conditions and characterized by various modern analytical techniques. The results show that the biogel beads have unique cauliflower-shaped surface and sensitive magnetic response. Fe-SA-Y@Fe3O4 composite was used for the removal of Direct Red 13 (DR 13) and Direct Black 19 (DB 19) dyes from water. The adsorption capacities and removal efficiency can reach 2487 mg/g and 99.5% for DR-13 and 2992 mg/g and 99.7% for DB-19 respectively within the equilibrium time of 60 min at 298K and pH 2.0, and decrease slightly with pH up to 10.0. The kinetic and equilibrium adsorption data followed the Pseudo-second-order rate model and Langmuir isothermal model well, respectively. Electrostatic adsorption, various H-bonding and complexation were largely involved in dye adsorption processes with spontaneous and exothermic character by the biogel beads, which were explained by thermodynamic studies, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), respectively. Fe-SA-Y@Fe3O4 gel composite with ultrahigh adsorption capacity and fast magnetic separation property will be a promising eco-friendly bio-based adsorbent for the superefficient purification of practical azo-dye effluents.

Modification of Post-Etch Residues by UV for Wet Removal

2012 ◽  
Vol 187 ◽  
pp. 207-210
Author(s):  
Quoc Toan Le ◽  
F. Drieskens ◽  
T. Conard ◽  
M. Lux ◽  
J.F. de Marneffe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Treatment ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Complete Removal ◽  
Fast Screening ◽  
High Adhesion ◽  
The One ◽  
Good Coverage ◽  
Wet Removal

In back-end of line processing, the polymer deposited on the dielectric sidewalls during the etch must be removed prior to subsequent processing steps to achieve high adhesion and good coverage of materials deposited in the etched features [1,. Typically, this is done by a combination of short plasma treatment and diluted wet clean, or by wet cleans alone. On the one hand, for porous dielectric stacks, a mild plasma treatment that preserves the integrity of the low-k dielectrics would not be sufficient to efficiently remove this residue. Furthermore, aqueous cleaning solutions is not efficient to achieve a complete removal without etching the underlying layer. Hence appropriate wet clean chemistries are needed to dissolve/decompose these polymers without etching the dielectric. On the other hand, analytical techniques available for direct characterization of sidewall polymer are limited. For a fast screening of potential chemistries capable of dissolving/removing polymer residues generated during the low-k etch, a fluoropolymer deposited on a blanket, checkerboard low-k substrate was used as a model polymer. In our recent study [, using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), it was shown that the polymer was composed of CF, CF2, and CF3 groups. This model polymer was found to be very similar to the polymer residue generated during the etch of the low-k stack using similar plasma. The present study mainly focused on the effect of UV treatment and the concentration of active component in wet clean solution on the structure change of the polymer and the enhancement of polymer removal.

Spectroscopic Characterization of Wilkinson's Catalyst Using X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (ESCA)

1982 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 290-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Carvalho ◽  
Larry F. Wieserman ◽  
David M. Hercules
Keyword(s):  
Binding Energy ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Spectroscopic Characterization ◽  
Homogeneous Hydrogenation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Wilkinson’S Catalyst ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Wilkinson's Catalyst

Wilkinson's catalyst, RhCl(PPh3)3 is a well known and widely used homogeneous hydrogenation catalyst. This catalyst was analyzed by ESCA which revealed that two rhodium species [Rh(I) and Rh(III)] were present, both for commercial preparations and for catalysts prepared in this laboratory. The ratio of Rh(I) to Rh(III) was 3:2 regardless of the source. A different method of synthesizing RhCl(PPh3)3 was used and produced a compound having only Rh(I) species. Additional analytical techniques such as elemental analysis, FT-IR, liquid chromatography, and 31P NMR were used to determine the origin of the higher binding energy peaks when Wilkinson's procedure was used to prepare RhCl(PPh3)3. Hydrogenation of cyclohexene was also performed to determine the effect of the higher binding energy species on catalytic activity.

scholarly journals Composite of Kaolin/Sodium Alginate (SA) Beads for Methylene Blue Adsorption

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 100
Author(s):  
Irwin Tan Kai Ge ◽  
Muhammad Wahyu Nugraha ◽  
Norashikin Ahmad Kamal ◽  
Nonni Soraya Sambudi
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Sodium Alginate ◽  
Organic Molecules ◽  
Dye Removal ◽  
Clay Material ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Environment Pollution ◽  
Adsorption Model ◽  
Adsorption Processes ◽  
Pseudo Second Order

Dyeing industry is one of the fast-growing industries but at the same time has also brought us a big issue on environment pollution. Adsorption processes is the most effective method in dye removal compared to other methods of wastewater treatment. In recent years, there is an increasing interest in utilizing clay material such as kaolinite as an adsorbent to remove not only inorganic but also organic molecules. In this study, composite of kaolin-sodium alginate (SA) beads was synthesized by varying the weight of kaolin from 0.5 g to 2 g. XRD, FTIR, and surface area analyses were used to characterize the kaolin; while FTIR was used to characterize the composite where the functional groups of kaolin and SA are existing. The amount of 1 g kaolin in SA could improve the adsorption of methylene blue up to 78% of removal after 8 hours. The adsorption model fits pseudo second order kinetic and Langmuir isotherm

scholarly journals Adsorption of Hexavalent Chromium Using Banana Pseudostem Biochar and Its Mechanism

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 4250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuang Xu ◽  
Weiguang Yu ◽  
Sen Liu ◽  
Congying Xu ◽  
Jihui Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Pyrolysis Temperature ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Surface Adsorption ◽  
Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Adsorption Processes ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Pseudo Second Order ◽  
Porosity Analysis

A low-cost biochar was prepared through slow pyrolysis of banana pseudostem biowaste at different temperatures, and characterized by surface area and porosity analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). It was shown that the biochar prepared at low pyrolysis temperature was rich in oxygen-containing groups on the surface. Adsorption experiments revealed that the biochar prepared at 300 °C (BB300) was the best adsorbent for Cr(VI) with 125.44 mg/g maximum adsorption capacity at pH 2 and 25 °C. All the adsorption processes were well described by pseudo-second-order and Langmuir models, indicating a monolayer chemiadsorption. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that adsorption of Cr(VI) was mainly attributed to reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) followed by ion exchange and complexation with the biochar.

Preparation of Alkali-Treaded Fly Ash Adsorbent and its Application for Cd2+ Removal from Aqueous Solution

2012 ◽  
Vol 550-553 ◽  
pp. 2155-2159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bei Gang Li ◽  
Li Yuan Zhao ◽  
Chen Wang
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Preparation Conditions ◽  
Effective Removal ◽  
Adsorbate Concentration ◽  
Adsorption Processes ◽  
Intra Particle Diffusion ◽  
Pseudo Second Order ◽  
Kinetics Of

The modified fly ash (MFA) was prepared by calcining raw coal fly (FA) ash with Na2CO3 at high temperature. The preparation conditions of MFA and Effects of important parameters such as contact time, adsorbate concentration, pH and temperature on the sorption were researched, respectively. MFA obtained at calcining temperature of 550°C and FA/Na2CO3 mass ratio of 12 shows the effective removal for Cd2+ from aqueous solution, and the maximum removal was close to 100% with the adsorbent dosage of 10 g/L, initial Cd2+ concentration of 200 mg/L at 25°C. The adsorption kinetics of Cd2+ on MFA followed the pseudo-second-order model well and adsorption processes might be mainly controlled by intra-particle diffusion. The sorption is favourable at high temperature and the adsorption apparent activation energy was 68.08 kJ/mol which indicates the chemical nature of the adsorption.

scholarly journals The Combination of MoS2/WO3 and Its Adsorption Properties of Methylene Blue at Low Temperatures

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yifan Zheng ◽  
Jingjing Wang ◽  
Yedan Wang ◽  
Huan Zhou ◽  
Zhiying Pu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Adsorption Process ◽  
Organic Dyes ◽  
Model Simulation ◽  
Internal Diffusion ◽  
Spectroscopy Analysis ◽  
Isothermal Model ◽  
Pseudo Second Order ◽  
Adsorption Rates

It was found previously that neither monomer MoS2 nor WO3 is an ideal material for the adsorption of organic dyes, while MoS2/WO3 composites synthesized by a two-step hydrothermal method have outstanding adsorption effects. In this work, the chemical state of each element was found to be changed after combination by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis, which lead to their differences in adsorption performance. Moreover, the adsorption test of methylene blue on MoS2/WO3 composites was carried out under a series of temperatures, showing that the prepared composites also had appreciable adsorption rates at lower temperatures. The adsorption process could be well described by the Freundlich isothermal model and the pseudo-second order model. In addition, the particle-internal diffusion model simulation revealed that the internal diffusion of the particles played an important role in the whole adsorption process.

scholarly journals Abatement of Azo Dye from Wastewater Using Bimetal-Chitosan

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghorban Asgari ◽  
Bahman Ramavandi ◽  
Sima Farjadfard
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Azo Dye ◽  
Dye Adsorption ◽  
Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Orange Ii ◽  
Dye Wastewater ◽  
Effects Of Ph ◽  
Pseudo Second Order ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Best Fit

We introduce a new adsorbent, bimetallic chitosan particle (BCP) that is successfully synthesized and applied to remove the orange II dye from wastewater. The effects of pH, BCP quantity, and contact time are initially verified on the basis of the percentage of orange II removed from the wastewater. Experimental data reveal that the Cu/Mg bimetal and chitosan have a synergistic effect on the adsorption process of the adsorbate, where the dye adsorption by Cu/Mg bimetal, chitosan alone, and bimetal-chitosan is 10, 49, and 99.5%, respectively. The time required for the complete decolorization of orange II by 1 mg/L of BCP is 10 min. The Langmuir model is the best fit for the experimental data, which attains a maximum adsorption capacity of 384.6 mg/g. The consideration of the kinetic behavior indicates that the adsorption of orange II onto the BCP fits best with the pseudo-second-order and Elovich models. Further, the simulated azo dye wastewater can be effectively treated using a relatively low quantity of the adsorbent, 1 mg/L, within a short reaction time of 20 min. Overall, the use of BCP can be considered a promising method for eliminating the azo dye from wastewater effectively.

scholarly journals Elimination Study of Methylene Blue Dye Using PANI and PANI/SiO2 Composite.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
BENSEDIRA Abderrahim ◽  
HADDAOUI Nacerddine ◽  
DOUFNOUNE Rachida ◽  
MEZIANE Ouahiba ◽  
N. S. Labidi
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Adsorption Equilibrium ◽  
Dye Adsorption ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Blue Dye ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Adsorption Models ◽  
First Order ◽  
Adsorption Processes ◽  
Pseudo Second Order

Abstract Conducting Polymeric composites have attracted great attention over the last years because of their potential uses in chemical, electronic and optical devices, and as catalysts as well as in adsorption processes. Chemical synthesis of polyaniline (PANI) and polyaniline-SiO2 composite and their adsorptive performance were reported in the present work. These materials were prepared and evaluated for their methylene blue (MB) dye adsorption characteristics from aqueous solution. Adsorption equilibrium kinetic and thermodynamic experiments of MB onto PANI and PANI/SiO2 were studied. The effects of initial dye concentration, contact time and temperature on the adsorption capacity of PANI/SiO2 for MB have been investigated. The pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order kinetic models were used to describe the kinetic data. It was found that adsorption kinetics followed the pseudo-second order at all of the studied temperatures. The Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin Raduschkevich adsorption models were used for the mathematical description and the fit obtained using the Dubinin Raduschkevich isotherm has a medium R2 value.

Wet Removal of Post-Etch Residues by a Combination of UV Irradiation and a SC1 Process

2012 ◽  
Vol 195 ◽  
pp. 114-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Els Kesters ◽  
Q.T. Le ◽  
I. Simms ◽  
K. Nafus ◽  
H. Struyf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Treatment ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Critical Dimension ◽  
Treatment Conditions ◽  
High Adhesion ◽  
Patterned Structures ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Lift Off

In back-end of line processing (BEOL), the polymer deposited on the dielectric sidewalls during the etch process must be removed prior to subsequent processing steps to achieve high adhesion and good coverage of materials deposited in the etched features [1, . Typically, this is done by a combination of a short plasma treatment and a diluted wet clean, or by wet cleans alone. On the one hand, for porous dielectric stacks, a mild plasma treatment that preserves the integrity of the low-k dielectrics would not be sufficient to effectively remove this residue. With regard to wet clean, diluted aqueous solutions (e.g. HF-based) are not efficient for polymer removal without etching the underlying dielectric to lift off the polymer, leading to unacceptable critical dimension (CD) loss. In addition, analytical techniques available for direct characterization of sidewall residues are limited. For a fast screening of potential chemistries capable of dissolving/removing polymer residues generated during the low-k etch, a model fluoropolymer was deposited on a blanket, checkerboard low-k substrate. The present study mainly focused on the characterization of model polymer after deposition (as-deposited) and after immersion in aqueous and solvent-based cleaning solutions. The polymer removal efficiency was influenced/ improved by UV treatments prior to wet clean processes. In the second part of the study, selected UV treatment conditions and cleaning solutions were applied to low-k patterned structures using Angle-resolved X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (AR-XPS) to characterize the dielectric sidewall before and after UV modification and the subsequent cleaning process.

scholarly journals Hydrothermally Reduced Graphene Hydrogel Intercalated with Divalent Ions for Dye Adsorption Studies

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 169
Author(s):  
Alvin Lim Teik Zheng ◽  
Supakorn Boonyuen ◽  
Teruhisa Ohno ◽  
Yoshito Andou
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Dye Adsorption ◽  
Textural Properties ◽  
Diffusion Kinetic ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Dye Pollutants ◽  
Reduced Graphene ◽  
Infrared Spectrometer ◽  
Pseudo Second Order

Fundamental studies involving divalent ion intercalated graphene-based hydrogel are still lacking in terms of their adsorption behavior towards dye pollutants. In this study, we prepared a self-assembled Mg2+ and Ca2+ intercalated reduced graphene hydrogel (rGH) using hydrothermal treatment to evaluate the intercalation impact on the adsorption capability towards cationic dyes, methylene blue and rhodamine B. The morphological, structural, thermal, and textural properties of the divalent ion intercalated reduced graphene hydrogels were studied using Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, thermogravimetric analysis, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area analysis, and X-ray diffraction. The increased adsorption capacity of the divalent ion intercalated reduced graphene-based hydrogels towards the dye molecules resulted from the increase in the specific surface area and pore volume due to the Mg2+ and Ca2+ bridging that formed spaces between the graphene sheets framework. Adsorption kinetics and the equilibrium adsorption isotherm were fitted by a pseudo-second-order alongside intraparticle diffusion kinetic models and Langmuir isotherm respectively. In addition, the divalent ion intercalated reduced graphene hydrogel showed good generation after three cycles of simultaneous adsorption.

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