scholarly journals Application of Pier Waste Sludge for Catalytic Activation of Proxy-monosulfate and Phenol Elimination From a Petrochemical Wastewater

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feyzollah Khoshtinat ◽  
Tayebeh Tabatabaie ◽  
Bahman Ramavandi ◽  
Seyedenayat Hashemi
Keyword(s):  
Removal Rate ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Phenol Concentration ◽  
Catalyst Stability ◽  
Phenol Removal ◽  
Operational Parameters ◽  
Petrochemical Wastewater ◽  
Waste Sludge ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Phenol Decomposition

Abstract This investigation aimed to remove phenol from a real wastewater (taken from a petrochemical company) by activating peroxy-monosulfate (PMS) using catalysts extracted from pier waste sludge. The physical and chemical properties of the catalyst were evaluated by FE-SEM/EDS, XRD, FTIR, and TGA/DTG tests. The functional groups of O-H, C-H, CO32-, C-H, C-O, N-H, and C-N were identified on the catalyst surface. Also, the crystallinity of the catalyst before and after reaction with petrochemical wastewater was 103.4 nm and 55.8 nm, respectively. Operational parameters of pH (3-9), catalyst dose (0-100 mg/L), phenol concentration (50-250 mg/L), and PMS concentration (0-250 mg/L) were tested to remove phenol. The highest phenol removal rate (94%) was obtained at pH=3, catalyst dose of 80 mg/L, phenol concentration of 50 mg/L, PMS concentration of 150 mg/L, and contact time of 150 min. Phenol decomposition in petrochemical wastewater followed the first-order kinetics (k> 0.008 min-1, R2> 0.94). Based on the reported results, it was found that the pH factor is more important than other factors in phenol removal. The catalyst stability test was performed for up to five cycles and phenol removal in the fifth cycle was reduced to 42%. Also, the energy consumption in this study was 77.69 kw.h/m3. According to the results, the pier waste sludge catalyst/PMS system is a critical process for eliminating phenol from petrochemical wastewater.

Accelerated Phenol Removal by Amplifying the Metabolic Pathway with a Recombinant Plasmid Encoding Catechol 2, 3 Oxygenase

1992 ◽  
Vol 26 (9-11) ◽  
pp. 2191-2194 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Fujita ◽  
M. Ike ◽  
T. Kamiya
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Pathway ◽  
Recombinant Plasmid ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Phenol Degradation ◽  
Wild Strain ◽  
Phenol Concentration ◽  
Phenol Removal

The metabolic pathway of the phenol degradation in Pseudomonasputida BH was amplified by introducing the recombinant plasmid containing catechol 2,3 oxygenase gene isolated fron the chromosome of BH. This strain could degrade phenol and grow much faster than the wild strain at the phenol concentration of 100mg/L. This strain seems to accelerate the phenol removal rate if it is applied to the treatment of wastewater containing phenol.

scholarly journals Phenol Removal by a Novel Non-Photo-Dependent Semiconductor Catalyst in a Pilot-Scaled Study: Effects of Initial Phenol Concentration, Light, and Catalyst Loading

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Xiao Chen ◽  
Yan Liang ◽  
Xuefei Zhou ◽  
Yanling Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Dioxide ◽  
Uv Radiation ◽  
Phenol Degradation ◽  
Phenol Concentration ◽  
Catalyst Loading ◽  
Phenol Removal ◽  
Operational Parameters ◽  
Initial Concentration ◽  
Light Area ◽  
Initial Phenol Concentration

A novel non-photo-dependent semiconductor catalyst (CT) was employed to degrade phenol in the present pilot-scaled study. Effect of operational parameters such as phenol initial concentration, light area, and catalyst loading on phenol degradation, was compared between CT catalyst and the conventional photocatalyst titanium dioxide. CT catalyst excelled titanium dioxide in treating and mineralizing low-level phenol, under both mild UV radiation and thunder conditions of nonphoton. The result suggested that CT catalyst could be applied in circumstances when light is not easily accessible in pollutant-carrying media (e.g., particles, cloudy water, and colored water).

Shear Loss Characteristics of an Aerobic Biofilm

1992 ◽  
Vol 26 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 595-600 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Rao Bhamidimarri ◽  
T. T. See
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Shear Stress ◽  
Film Thickness ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Surface Growth ◽  
Phenol Removal ◽  
Concentric Cylinder ◽  
Substrate Utilisation ◽  
Utilisation Rate ◽  
Net Growth Rate

Growth and shear loss characteristics of phenol utilizing biofilm were studied in a concentric cylinder bioreactor. The net accumulation of the biofilm and the substrate utilisation were measured as a function of torque. Uniform biofilms were obtained up to a thickness of around 300 microns, beyond which the surface growth was non-uniform. The substrate utilisation rate, however, reached a constant value beyond film thickness of 50 to 100 microns depending on the operational torque. The maximum phenol removal rate was achieved at a shear stress of 3.5 Nm-2. The effect of shear stress on net growth rate was found to be described byand a zero net growth was obtained at a shear stress of 18.7 Nm-2.

scholarly journals Removal of Phenol from Aqueous Solution Using Internal Microelectrolysis with Fe-Cu: Optimization and Application on Real Coking Wastewater

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 720
Author(s):  
Do Tra Huong ◽  
Nguyen Van Tu ◽  
Duong Thi Tu Anh ◽  
Nguyen Anh Tien ◽  
Tran Thi Kim Ngan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Reaction Rate Constant ◽  
Phenol Concentration ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Coking Wastewater ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Chemical Plating ◽  
Internal Electrolysis ◽  
Phenol Decomposition

Fe-Cu materials were synthesized using the chemical plating method from Fe powder and CuSO4 5% solution and then characterized for surface morphology, composition and structure by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), respectively. The as-synthesized Fe-Cu material was used for removal of phenol from aqueous solution by internal microelectrolysis. The internal electrolysis-induced phenol decomposition was then studied with respect to various parameters such as pH, time, Fe-Cu material weight, phenol concentration and shaking speed. The optimal phenol decomposition (92.7%) was achieved under the conditions of (1) a pH value of phenol solution of 3, (2) 12 h of shaking at the speed of 200 rpm, (3) Fe-Cu material weight of 10 g/L, (4) initial phenol concentration of 100.98 mg/L and (5) at room temperature (25 ± 0.5 °C). The degradation of phenol using Fe-Cu materials obeyed the second-order apparent kinetics equation with a reaction rate constant of k of 0.009 h−1L mg−1. The optimal process was then tested against real coking wastewater samples, resulting in treated wastewater with favorable water indicators. Current findings justify the use of Fe-Cu materials in practical internal electrolysis processes.

scholarly journals Reactive plasma cleaning and restoration of transition metal dichalcogenide monolayers

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniil Marinov ◽  
Jean-François de Marneffe ◽  
Quentin Smets ◽  
Goutham Arutchelvan ◽  
Kristof M. Bal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Transition Metal ◽  
Field Effect Transistors ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
2D Materials ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Transition Metal Dichalcogenides ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Plasma Cleaning ◽  
Transition Metal Dichalcogenide

AbstractThe cleaning of two-dimensional (2D) materials is an essential step in the fabrication of future devices, leveraging their unique physical, optical, and chemical properties. Part of these emerging 2D materials are transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs). So far there is limited understanding of the cleaning of “monolayer” TMD materials. In this study, we report on the use of downstream H2 plasma to clean the surface of monolayer WS2 grown by MOCVD. We demonstrate that high-temperature processing is essential, allowing to maximize the removal rate of polymers and to mitigate damage caused to the WS2 in the form of sulfur vacancies. We show that low temperature in situ carbonyl sulfide (OCS) soak is an efficient way to resulfurize the material, besides high-temperature H2S annealing. The cleaning processes and mechanisms elucidated in this work are tested on back-gated field-effect transistors, confirming that transport properties of WS2 devices can be maintained by the combination of H2 plasma cleaning and OCS restoration. The low-damage plasma cleaning based on H2 and OCS is very reproducible, fast (completed in a few minutes) and uses a 300 mm industrial plasma etch system qualified for standard semiconductor pilot production. This process is, therefore, expected to enable the industrial scale-up of 2D-based devices, co-integrated with silicon technology.

Identification of Amber and the Copal under Heat Pressurized Process

2012 ◽  
Vol 554-556 ◽  
pp. 2112-2115
Author(s):  
Hui Li ◽  
Xuan Wang ◽  
Yong Zhu ◽  
Qin Ren
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Peak Position ◽  
Exothermic Peak ◽  
Endothermic Peak ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Natural Resin ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Artificial Heat ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Amber and copal belong to the natural resin, which are similar and transitional in the physical and chemical properties. The artificial heat-pressurized treatment is contributed to the polymerization of the natural copal, and turns into green, yellow-green and deep orange-yellow copal. It is very difficult to identify amber from the heat- pressurized treatment copal only based on the gemological parameters.The thermal behavior of amber and the copal before and after heat-pressurized treatment were analyzed by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR). The results show that amber exists an evident endothermic peak around 123~132°C, and copal reveals an obvious endothermic peak at about 174~178°C, and the heat pressurized treatment copal occurs a clear exothermic peak around 150~152°C. The differences between endothermic or exothermic transition and peak position reveal occurring thermal oxidation or the bond breaking or the melting, which are of great significance in the identification.

Degradation of Carcinogenic Hydroquinone in Coal Gasification Wastewater by Using Anaerobic Shaker Test

2014 ◽  
Vol 1049-1050 ◽  
pp. 39-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qin Hong Ji ◽  
Salma Tabassum ◽  
Chun Feng Chu ◽  
Chun Jie Li ◽  
Zhen Jia Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Coal Gasification ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Phenol Removal ◽  
Operational Parameters ◽  
Pollutant Degradation ◽  
Refractory Compounds ◽  
Coal Gasification Wastewater ◽  
Hydrolysis Acidification ◽  
Wastewater Samples

Coal gasification wastewater, as a typical industrial wastewater has poor biodegradability and high toxicity. In this paper, simple anaerobic shaker test was conducted to investigate the degradation of hydroquinone in coal gasification wastewater. Anaerobic sludge shaker test were run for 27, 50 and 73 days, the phenol concentration were adjusted to 300 mg/L and 500 mg/L with pH 7.5, respectively. The experimental results also showed that this system could effectively deal with COD and phenol removal and remain in a stable level when the operational parameters altered while the hydrolysis acidification at 45h is appropriate. Organics degradation and transformation of anaerobic coal gasification wastewater samples at 12h, 24h, 36h, 48h, and 60h were analyzed by GC/MS and it was found that hydrolysis acidification played an important role in degradation of methyl phenol, hydroquinone and refractory compounds. Therefore, the results illustrated that the simple anaerobic shaker process is an easy way for pollutant degradation and treat coal gasification wastewater effectively.

Mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake is important over low [Ca2+]i range in arterial smooth muscle

2002 ◽  
Vol 283 (6) ◽  
pp. H2431-H2439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomoko Kamishima ◽  
John M. Quayle
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Decay Time ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Arterial Smooth Muscle ◽  
Carbonyl Cyanide ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Intracellular Ca ◽  
Arterial Smooth Muscle Cells ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Loaded Voltage

Mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake is usually thought to occur only when intracellular Ca2+concentration ([Ca2+]i) is high. We investigated whether mitochondrial Ca2+ removal participates in shaping [Ca2+]i signals in arterial smooth muscle over a low [Ca2+]irange. [Ca2+]i was measured using fura 2-loaded, voltage-clamped cells from rat femoral arteries. Both diazoxide and carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP) depolarized the mitochondria. Diazoxide application increased resting [Ca2+]i, suggesting that Ca2+ is sequestered in mitochondria. Over a low [Ca2+]i range, diazoxide and CCCP slowed Ca2+ removal rate, determined after a brief depolarization. When [Ca2+]i was measured during sustained depolarization to −30 mV, CCCP application increased [Ca2+]i. When Ca2+ transients were repeatedly evoked by caffeine applications, CCCP application elevated resting [Ca2+]i. Caffeine-induced Ca2+ transients were compared before and after CCCP application using the half decay time, or time required to reduce increase in [Ca2+]i by 50% ( t ½). CCCP treatment significantly increased t ½. These results suggest that Ca2+ removal to mitochondria in arterial smooth muscle cells may be important at a low [Ca2+]i.

Phenol Removal from Contaminated Wastewater Using Activated Carbon/Zeolite Composite Coated with Titanium Dioxide

2016 ◽  
Vol 690 ◽  
pp. 103-108
Author(s):  
Khemmakorn Gomonsirisuk ◽  
Thanakorn Wasanapiarnpong ◽  
Charusporn Mongkolkachit
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Dioxide ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Adsorption Property ◽  
Phenol Concentration ◽  
Study Phase ◽  
Phenol Removal ◽  
High Porosity ◽  
Good Efficiency ◽  
Composite Substrate

Phenol and phenolic compounds in wastewater from various industries were toxic to water livings and human even in ppm concentration. A number of photocatalysts and adsorbents were applied for the low cost and good efficiency wastewater management to reduce phenol concentration in water. In this work titanium dioxide, one of high efficiency photocatalysts which is widely used in water treatement, was coated on the fabricated adsorbent composite substrate. The composite substrate composed of activated carbon and NaA zeolite presents high phenol adsorption because of high porosity and good ion exchange properties resulting in good adsorption property. Accordingly, the absorption could promote the photocatalytic activity of TiO2 catalyst. As the specimens were easily disposed after water treatment process, therefore, it was a good choice for lower energy consumption. The composite substrate was easily fabricated by simple extrusion and fired under non oxidation atmosphere at 650°C for 3 hours. Then polyurethane foam was inserted into the composite substrate to make it be able to float and be swirled by wind near water surface to get more UV excitation than deeper water. Phenol concentration was investigated by the UV absorbance at 270 nm using UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The XRD and SEM were used to study phase crystal structure and morphology of the composite.

scholarly journals Cashew Growth and Canopy Dynamics as Influenced by Manuring in a Guinea Savanna Agro-Ecology of Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 80-88
Author(s):  
Beatrice Abanum Nduka ◽  
Olorunfemi Sunday Ojo Akanbi ◽  
Idrisu Mohammed ◽  
Seun Adewale Adeosun ◽  
Osasogie Ugioro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Canopy Development ◽  
Canopy Volume ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Soil Status ◽  
Physical And Chemical

A two-year experiment was conducted to study the response of manuring on growth and canopy development on three-year-old Cashew trees. The experiment was laid in a randomized complete block design, with three replications. Soil characteristics including the chemical and physical properties were analyzed before and after the experiments. Fecti-plus organic pelletized fertilizer was applied at different rates of 0,750.6 and 1,501.2 kg/ha-1 respectively around the circumference of the tree. Before the application, the fertilizer sample was also analyzed. Data collected were plant height, stem girth, canopy dynamics which includes: Canopy diameter, canopy radius, canopy spread (North-South and East-West directions), canopy volume, canopy ground cover and percentage ground cover. The results from the pre soil sample show a relatively low status but were significantly enhanced after the application of the pelletized organic fertilizer (Ferti-plus). The soil nutrient composition of Oc, Om, N, K, Na, Ca and Mg+ was significantly highest in the plots having 1,501.2 kg/ha-1 treatments. Generally, there was a significant increase in the soil nutrient with the addition of pelletized fertilizer in respective of the rate of application. Also the results on the canopy dynamic in terms of canopy volume, spread and diameter revealed better development with the use of 1501.2 kg/ha-1 pelletized fertilizer and significantly different to 750.6 kg/ha-1 and those in the no-manure (control)plots. Meanwhile, the use of pelletized organic fertilizer gave superior growth and canopy development. It also influenced the growth of the Cashew plants, as well as the physical and chemical properties of the soil status.

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