scholarly journals Elevators and staircase handrails as potential sources of nosocomial pathogens at Ndola Teaching Hospital, Zambia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tony Mulongo ◽  
Kingsley Kamvuma ◽  
Christopher N. Phiri ◽  
John A. Mulemena ◽  
Warren Chanda
Keyword(s):  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Microbial Colonization ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Klebsiella Species ◽  
Mannitol Salt Agar ◽  
Potential Sources ◽  
Pearson Correlation Test

Abstract This study aimed to assess microbial colonization of elevators and the staircase handrail at Ndola Teaching Hospital. Swabs from elevators and staircase handrail were cultured on Blood, MacConkey and Mannitol Salt agar for 24-48h at 35-37oC. All observed bacterial colonies were sub-cultured for identification. Data analysis was conducted with Microsoft excel 2010 and SPSS version 20 statistical software. A 2-tailed Pearson Correlation test was used to assess for significant differences in colonization prevalence between the two elevators and handrail. A total of 94 bacteria species were isolated, among which 75(78.8%) were isolated from elevators while 19(20.2%) were isolated from the staircase handrail. Most bacteria were isolated from exterior buttons followed by doors and interior of elevators whereas the basement, ground and sixth floor sections of the staircase handrail were largely contaminated with S. aureus, non-spore-forming Gram-positive bacilli, Klebsiella spp, coagulase-negative Staphylococci and Enterobacter spp. Overall, the commonest isolated bacteria were S. aureus (33%) followed by non-spore-forming Gram-positive bacilli (16%), coagulase-negative Staphylococci, and endospore-forming Gram-positive bacilli (13.8% apiece), Streptococci (7.4%), and Klebsiella species (6.4%). A strong relationship existed between the prevalence of bacteria colonizers of elevators and the staircase handrail (p<0.01). Therefore, the study showed that elevators and the staircase handrail possess viable microorganisms and may act as potential sources of nosocomial infections especially to immunocompromised patients in hospitals, and this calls for proper and effective infection control and prevention strategies to lessen microbial population from dry surfaces.

scholarly journals HUBUNGAN POLA KONSUMSI, ASUPAN SERAT, KARBOHIDRAT SEDERHANA DAN KALIUM DENGAN KADAR TRIGLISERIDA PADA PASIEN PENYAKIT JANTUNG DI POLI PENYAKIT JANTUNG

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-184
Author(s):  
Tonny C Maigoda
Keyword(s):  
Heart Disease ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Dominant Factor ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Low Fat Diet ◽  
Food And Beverage ◽  
Pearson Correlation Test ◽  
Simple Carbohydrates

Deaths from heart and blood vessel disease in Indonesia by 26.3%. We assumed that only the low-fat diet will lower triglyceride levels, it is not entirely true. Since the main cause is excessive sugar consumption. It is therefore also important to avoid foods that are carbohydrates that have a high glycemic value, which is the glycemic value is how much carbohydrate that can be converted into sugar (Candra, 2010). The objectives of the study know the relationship between the pattern of consumption, fiber intake, simple carbohydrates and potassium in patients with triglyceride levels in the Heart Hospital M. Yunus. Obeservasional research method using cross-sectional design. Sampling in this study using non-probability sampling technique particularly with the way many as 123 people Proposive Sampling. By Karl Pearson correlation test, there is a strong relationship and patterned negative (p = 0.000) in this case based on the composition of the dish with triglyceride levels. There is a relationship between the intake of simple carbohydrates with triglyceride levels of heart disease patients (p = 0.004). It can be concluded that the dominant factor associated with triglyceride levels of heart disease patients are carbohydrates derived from food and beverage patients.

scholarly journals Are Saliva Tests Important in the Prediction of Carious Disease?

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (13) ◽  
pp. 5932
Author(s):  
Daniela Luminita Ichim ◽  
Liliana Sachelarie ◽  
Alexandra Burlui
Keyword(s):  
Health Promotion ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Data Series ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Complex Phenomenon ◽  
Oral Health Promotion ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Carious Lesions ◽  
Pearson Correlation Test

(1) Background: The appearance and progression of carious lesions represent a complex phenomenon of interactions of microbial factors (the action of bacteria on the tooth), of the factors related to the host, to the diet, and to the time factor. Which hasan influence on the rate of microbismof the oral cavity on the installation of carious disease? (2) Methods: In order to correctly assess the cariogenic risk of an individual, it is recommended to perform twoor more tests based on different principles (microbiological, clinical, epidemiological). The representative data series for the investigation were analyzed statistically and by applying the Pearson correlation test considering the coefficient of determination R for all pairs of data series. (3) Results: Salivary tests played animportant role in establishing control sessions, in carrying out prophylactic caries therapy, and establishing prognosis. The existence of a statistical associationwas confirmed between the prevalence of dental caries and the results of salivary tests for the study group. (4) Conclusions: The results of the saliva tests can be used in oral health promotion.

scholarly journals In Vitro activity of a Novel Benzoquinolizine Antibiotic, Levonadifloxacin (WCK 771) against Blood Stream Gram-Positive Isolates from a Tertiary Care Hospital

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (03) ◽  
pp. 230-232
Author(s):  
Dhruv Mamtora ◽  
Sanjith Saseedharan ◽  
Ritika Rampal ◽  
Prashant Joshi ◽  
Pallavi Bhalekar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Blood Stream ◽  
Tolerability Profile ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Methicillin Resistant

Abstract Background Blood stream infections (BSIs) due to Gram-positive pathogens such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) are associated with high mortality ranging from 10 to 60%. The current anti-MRSA agents have limitations with regards to safety and tolerability profile which limits their prolonged usage. Levonadifloxacin and its oral prodrug alalevonadifloxacin, a novel benzoquinolizine antibiotic, have recently been approved for acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections including diabetic foot infections and concurrent bacteremia in India. Methods The present study assessed the potency of levonadifloxacin, a novel benzoquinolizine antibiotic, against Gram-positive blood stream clinical isolates (n = 31) collected from January to June 2019 at a tertiary care hospital in Mumbai, India. The susceptibility of isolates to antibacterial agents was defined following the Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute interpretive criteria (M100 E29). Results High prevalence of MRSA (62.5%), quinolone-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (QRSA) (87.5%), and methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci (MR-CoNS) (82.35%) were observed among bacteremic isolates. Levonadifloxacin demonstrated potent activity against MRSA, QRSA, and MR-CoNS strains with significantly lower minimum inhibitory concentration MIC50/90 values of 0.5/1 mg/L as compared with levofloxacin (8/32 mg/L) and moxifloxacin (2/8 mg/L). Conclusion Potent bactericidal activity coupled with low MICs support usage of levonadifloxacin for the management of BSIs caused by multidrug resistant Gram-positive bacteria.

scholarly journals Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Infection of Diabetic Foot Ulcers at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Accra, Ghana

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 937
Author(s):  
Ramzy B. Anafo ◽  
Yacoba Atiase ◽  
Nicholas T. K. D. Dayie ◽  
Fleischer C. N. Kotey ◽  
Patience B. Tetteh-Quarcoo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Diabetic Foot ◽  
Foot Ulcer ◽  
Foot Ulcers ◽  
Diabetic Foot Ulcers ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Mrsa Infection

Aim: This study investigated the spectrum of bacteria infecting the ulcers of individuals with diabetes at the Korle Bu Teaching Hospital in Accra, Ghana, focusing on Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), with respect to their prevalence, factors predisposing to their infection of the ulcers, and antimicrobial resistance patterns. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted at The Ulcer Clinic, Department of Surgery, Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, involving 100 diabetic foot ulcer patients. The ulcer of each study participant was swabbed and cultured bacteriologically, following standard procedures. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was done for all S. aureus isolated, using the Kirby-Bauer method. Results: In total, 96% of the participants had their ulcers infected—32.3% (n = 31) of these had their ulcers infected with one bacterium, 47.9% (n = 46) with two bacteria, 18.8% (n = 18) with three bacteria, and 1.0% (n = 1) with four bacteria. The prevalence of S. aureus and MRSA were 19% and 6%, respectively. The distribution of the other bacteria was as follows: coagulase-negative Staphylococci (CoNS) (54%), Escherichia coli (24%), Pseudomonas spp. (19%), Citrobacter koseri and Morganella morgana (12% each), Klebsiella oxytoca (11%), Proteus vulgaris (8%), Enterococcus spp. (6%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (5%), Proteus mirabilis and Enterobacter spp. (4%), Klebsiella spp. (2%), and Streptococcus spp. (1%). The resistance rates of S. aureus decreased across penicillin (100%, n = 19), tetracycline (47.4%, n = 9), cotrimoxazole (42.1%, n = 8), cefoxitin (31.6%, n = 6), erythromycin and clindamycin (26.3% each, n = 5), norfloxacin and gentamicin (15.8% each, n = 3), rifampicin (10.5%, n = 2), linezolid (5.3%, n = 1), and fusidic acid (0.0%, n = 0). The proportion of multidrug resistance was 47.4% (n = 9). Except for foot ulcer infection with coagulase-negative Staphylococci, which was protective of S. aureus infection of the ulcers (OR = 0.029, p = 0.001, 95% CI = 0.004–0.231), no predictor of S. aureus, MRSA, or polymicrobial ulcer infection was identified. Conclusions: The prevalence of S. aureus and MRSA infection of the diabetic foot ulcers were high, but lower than those of the predominant infector, coagulase-negative Staphylococci and the next highest infecting agent, E. coli. Diabetic foot ulcers’ infection with coagulase-negative Staphylococci protected against their infection with S. aureus. The prevalence of multidrug resistance was high, highlighting the need to further intensify antimicrobial stewardship programmes.

scholarly journals Malondialdehyde levels can be measured in serum and saliva by using a fast HPLC method with visible detection / Determinarea printr-o metodă HPLC-VIS rapidă a concentraţiilor serice şi salivare ale malondialdehidei

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 319-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erzsébet Fogarasi ◽  
Mircea Dumitru Croitoru ◽  
Ibolya Fülöp ◽  
Enikő Nemes-Nagy ◽  
Robert Gabriel Tripon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Living Organism ◽  
Hplc Method ◽  
Limit Of Quantification ◽  
Pearson Correlation Test ◽  
Repeated Sample

Abstract Oxidative stress appears when the amount of free radicals that are formed in a living organism exceed its spin-trapping ability. One of the most dangerous free radicals that are formed in the human body is the hydroxyl radical. It can alter several biomolecules, including the unsaturated fatty acids; this process is known as lipid peroxidation and can lead to cell necrosis and generation of several harmful byproducts including malondialdehyde, which serves also as a biomarker of oxidative stress. A new HPLC method with visible detection was developed for the detection of malondialdehyde in human serum and saliva samples. The method was verified in terms of specificity, linearity, limits of detection (0.35 ng/ml), limit of quantification (1.19 ng/ml), recovery (90.13±10.25 – 107.29±14.33) and precision (3.84±1.49% – 6.66±1.76%). An analysis time of only 1 minute was obtained and no interferences from the matrices were observed. Statistical analysis (Pearson correlation test) showed a moderate correlation (R = 0.5061, p = 0.0099) between serum and saliva concentrations (N = 25). The possibility of measuring salivary concentrations of malondialdehyde extents the applications of oxidative stress/lipid peroxidation estimations to categories of population unreachable before (pregnant women, small children, etc); repeated sample studies are also easier to make.

scholarly journals Are metric parameters sufficient alone in evaluation of the patellar instability? New angular measuring parameters

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 230949901668449 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alper Deveci ◽  
Deniz Cankaya ◽  
Serdar Yilmaz ◽  
Ersin Celen ◽  
Bulent Sakman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Strong Correlation ◽  
Patellar Instability ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Trochlear Groove ◽  
Rotational Movement ◽  
Pearson Correlation Test ◽  
Angular Measuring ◽  
Metric Measurement ◽  
Tibia Shaft

Purposes: When the evaluation of patellar instability is examined from the aspect of the conical-cylindrical anatomy of the tibia, metric measurement parameters such as the tuberositas tibia (TT)–trochlear groove (TG) and patellar tendon (PT) insertion–trochlear groove (TG) distances are not sufficient. We asked whether defined angular parameters reveal the rotational movement of the tuberositas tibia on the tibia shaft, additional to the metric parameters and there is a correlation between the metric and angular parameters. Methods: 19 patients with patellar instability and 22 patients without patellar instability were evaluated. For all patients, two angle and three length parameters were evaluated on the slices taken. Evaluations were made of the TT-TG, the midpoint of the PT insertion-TG distances, the anatomic midpoint of the dome of the TT-TG, the TG-PT angle, and the TG-dome angle (DA). The Pearson correlation test was used for the statistical analysis of correlations between groups. Results: A statistically significant increase was determined in the patellar instability group in the TG-DA and TG-PT angle values compared to the group without patellar instability ( p < 0.05). In both groups, a positive and strong correlation was determined between the TT-TG and the TG-PT and dome of the TT-TG distances, but no statistically significant correlation was determined between the tuberositas TT-TG and TG-PT angle and TG-DA. Conclusion: Metric parameters may not be sufficient alone in the evaluation of patellar instability. Metric parameters should be supported by additional angular parameters which reveal the rotational movement of the TT on the tibia shaft.

scholarly journals Construction Sector Contribution to Economic Stability: Malaysian GDP Distribution

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 5012
Author(s):  
Wesam Salah Alaloul ◽  
Muhammad Ali Musarat ◽  
Muhammad Babar Ali Rabbani ◽  
Qaiser Iqbal ◽  
Ahsen Maqsoom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Construction Industry ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Impulse Response Function ◽  
Equilibrium Analysis ◽  
Construction Sector ◽  
Causality Test ◽  
Vector Error Correction ◽  
The World ◽  
Pearson Correlation Test

The construction sector exerts an exceptional impact on economic development all over the world. Adequate buildings and infrastructures made by the construction sector ensure that a country reaches certain targets like social development, industrialization, freight transportation, sustainable development, and urbanization. This study aims to determine the construction sector’s connectivity with other sectors through complex linkages that contribute immensely to the economy and gross domestic product (GDP). The data were collected from the Department of Statistics Malaysia and the World Bank from the year 1970 to 2019, and the Pearson correlation test, the cointegration test, and the Granger causality test were conducted. The vector error correction model (VECM) was created for short-term and long-term equilibrium analysis and impulse response function (IRF) was performed to study construction industry behavior. Afterwards, the forecasting was done for the year 2020 to 2050 of the Malaysian economy and GDP for the required sectors. It was revealed that some sectors, such as agriculture and services, have forward linkages while other sectors, such as manufacturing and mining, are independent of construction sector causality, which signifies the behavior of the contributing sectors when a recession occurs, hence generating significant revenue. The Malaysian economy is moving towards sustainable production with more emphasis on the construction sector. The outcome can be used as a benchmark by other countries to achieve sustainable development. The significance of this study is its usefulness for experts all over the world in terms of allocating resources to make the construction sector a sustainable sector after receiving a shock. A sustainable conceptual framework has been suggested for global application that shows the factors involved in the growth of the construction industry to ensure its sustainable development with time.

scholarly journals The COVID-19 Pandemic Situation in Malaysia: Lessons Learned from the Perspective of Population Density

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 6566
Author(s):  
Siew Bee Aw ◽  
Bor Tsong Teh ◽  
Gabriel Hoh Teck Ling ◽  
Pau Chung Leng ◽  
Weng Howe Chan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
P Value ◽  
Population Census ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Health Official ◽  
Contagious Diseases ◽  
Spatio Temporal

This paper attempts to ascertain the impacts of population density on the spread and severity of COVID-19 in Malaysia. Besides describing the spatio-temporal contagion risk of the virus, ultimately, it seeks to test the hypothesis that higher population density results in exacerbated COVID-19 virulence in the community. The population density of 143 districts in Malaysia, as per data from Malaysia’s 2010 population census, was plotted against cumulative COVID-19 cases and infection rates of COVID-19 cases, which were obtained from Malaysia’s Ministry of Health official website. The data of these three variables were collected between 19 January 2020 and 31 December 2020. Based on the observations, districts that have high population densities and are highly inter-connected with neighbouring districts, whether geographically, socio-economically, or infrastructurally, tend to experience spikes in COVID-19 cases within weeks of each other. Using a parametric approach of the Pearson correlation, population density was found to have a moderately strong relationship to cumulative COVID-19 cases (p-value of 0.000 and R2 of 0.415) and a weak relationship to COVID-19 infection rates (p-value of 0.005 and R2 of 0.047). Consequently, we provide several non-pharmaceutical lessons, including urban planning strategies, as passive containment measures that may better support disease interventions against future contagious diseases.

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