scholarly journals Changes in Spike Protein Antibody Titer Over 90 Days after the Second Dose of SARS- CoV-2 Vaccine in Japanese Dialysis Patients

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haruki Wakai ◽  
Natsumi Abe ◽  
Touno Tokuda ◽  
Rika Yamanaka ◽  
Satoshi Ebihara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Titer ◽  
Messenger Rna ◽  
Vaccine Dose ◽  
Spike Protein ◽  
Dialysis Patients ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
The Status ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Baseline Characteristics ◽  
Spread Of Infection

Abstract Objectives There is no report on antibody titers after vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 in Japanese dialysis patients. As dialysis is different between Japan and other countries, changes in antibody titers were examined. Methods Baseline characteristics and anti-spike protein antibody titers (Roche) over 90 days after administration of the BNT162b2 messenger RNA vaccine were investigated in dialysis patients. Results The maximum anti-spike protein antibody titer after the second dose was 737.9 (326.8 to 1143.4) and was reached at 19 (17 to 24.3) days after the second dose. Antibody titers decreased over time, with titers of 770 (316.4 to 1089) at 15 days, 385 (203 to 689.7) at 30 days, 253.5 (138 to 423) at 60 days, and 208 (107 to 375) at 90 days after the second dose. When an antibody titer of 137.052 U/mL was assumed to be a measure related to breakthrough infection, the proportion of subjects with antibody titers exceeding this level was 90.1％ at 15 days, 85.3% at 30 days, 75.0% at 60 days, and 65.4% at 90 days after the second dose. When a decrease in antibody titers below the assumed breakthrough level was defined as an event, subjects with a pre-dialysis albumin ≥ 3.5 were significantly less likely to experience an event than subjects with a pre-dialysis albumin < 3.5. In addition, this study suggests that the presence of anti-spike protein levels ≥ 313 at 30 days after the second vaccine dose might be a factor in maintaining antibody titers exceeding the assumed breakthrough level at 90 days after the second dose. Conclusions The maximum antibody titers and the antibody titers at 90 days after the second vaccine dose in Japanese dialysis patients were approximately 30% of those in non-dialysis individuals reported otherwise, it was similar to those in dialysis patients in other countries. Whether an additional vaccine dose is needed should be determined based on indicators serving as factors in maintaining antibody titers as well as the status of the spread of infection.

scholarly journals Estimating SARS-CoV-2 Spike Antibody Levels Among Sputnik V First Dose Vaccinated People in Pakistan: Formulation of Anti-COVID-19 National Mass Vaccination Strategy.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Umar Saeed ◽  
Sara Rizwan Uppal ◽  
Zahra Zahid Piracha ◽  
Aftab Ahmad Khan ◽  
Azhar Rasheed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Titer ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Vaccination Strategy ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Mass Vaccination ◽  
Spike Protein ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Diagnostic Center ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Antibody Levels

Abstract Rapid ramp up of immune responses against SARS-CoV-2 during pandemic enables adequate prevention and treatment for COVID-19. Estimating levels of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein antibodies post vaccination is crucial for designing mass-vaccination strategies. The aim of this study was to evaluate effectiveness of Sputnik V first dose in Pakistan. A cross-sectional study of 2000 participants was conducted for examining Gam-COVID-Vac or Sputnik V first dose effects at 21st days post administration at Islamabad Diagnostic Center, Islamabad, Pakistan. From 100 real-time PCR negative (SARS-CoV-2 RNA) individuals, samples were collected and analyzed for antibodies to the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein using Electro-chemiluminescence immunoassay (ECLIA) (Elecsys # 09289267190 Roche, USA). 85% of the participants showed strong positive results with SARS-CoV-2 spike protein antibodies >1.5 AU/ml. The individuals with antibody titer >250 AU/ml were 34.9%. Among those with antibody levels >250 AU/ml 52% had previous history of COVID-19 infection. While participants with >100 AU/ml of antibodies were 12.7%. However 9.5% showed antibody titer of >25 AU/ml. 27% of participants had antibody titers of >1.5-2.5 AU/ml. While antibody titers of <1.5 AU/ml were observed among 15.9% of participants. Majority of the individuals represented significantly high antibody titers against SARS-CoV-2 even before second booster dose of Ad5 based Sputnik V vaccine. Continuous monitoring of antibody levels among COVID-19 vaccinated populations are deemed to assess humoral immunity status against SARS-CoV-2 infections.

scholarly journals 583. SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein S1/S2 Antibodies after Vaccination with Sinopharm in Peruvian Physicians

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S394-S394
Author(s):  
Maria Lopera ◽  
Romina Vera ◽  
Carlos Tapia ◽  
Carlos Cabrera ◽  
Jose Gonzales-Zamora ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Vaccine Dose ◽  
Humoral Response ◽  
Spike Protein ◽  
Healthcare Personnel ◽  
Study Cohort ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Response Post

Abstract Background Peru started its national vaccination campaign in February 2021 using Sinopharm vaccine, targeting healthcare personnel on its initial phase. Although the immunogenicity of this vaccine was tested in clinical trials, there are no studies that evaluated the humoral response post vaccination in Peru. Methods We conducted a cross sectional study, which objective was to evaluate the humoral immunogenicity triggered by the Sinopharm vaccine in Peruvian physicians. We collected demographic and epidemiologic data via an electronic. The SARS-CoV-2 spike protein S1/S2 antibodies were measured by chemiluminescense (Liaison®). A positive test was defined as &gt;15 U/ml, which has correlation of 95% with neutralizing antibodies measured by plaque reduction neutralizing test. Results 92 participants were enrolled in the study. The epidemiologic characteristics are described in table 1. The mean level of antibodies measured at least 2 weeks from the second vaccine dose was 67.5 ± 70.5 U/ml. 85.7% of the study cohort had positive S1/S2 antibodies. In the univariate analysis, an imperfect negative correlation was found between the level of antibodies and participants’ age (r= -0.24; regression F test 5.25; p = 0.0242). A weak negative correlation was observed between the antibody titer and the time elapsed from the second vaccine dose and the day of antibody measurement (r= -0.17). A higher antibody level post vaccine was found in individuals who worked in COVID units (105.5 U / mL vs 58.2 U / mL; p = 0.0125), and in participants with history of COVID (216.5 U / mL vs 81.2 U / mL; p = &lt; 0.0000). Hypertension was associated with lower antibody titers (36.9 U / mL vs. 74.6; p = 0.0464). In the multivariate analysis, working in COVID units, having previous COVID infection and shorter time from second vaccine dose and day of antibody measurement were associated with higher antibody levels post vaccine (table 2). Conclusion Our study showed that the time elapsed from the second vaccine dose and the day of antibody measurement, having previous COVID-19 infection and working in COVID -19 units may help to predict higher antibody titers post vaccine. Larger studies to evaluate the humoral response post Sinopharm vaccine and its clinical implications are still needed in Peru. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

scholarly journals Deteksi Level Antibodi Pada Serum Darah Anjing Kintamani Pasca Vaksinasi Rabies dengan Direct ELISA

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 172
Author(s):  
I Putu Agus Tirta Cahyana ◽  
Made Pharmawati ◽  
Inna Narayani
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Titer ◽  
Vaccine Dose ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Blood Collection ◽  
Treatment Dose ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Direct Elisa ◽  
Antibody Elisa ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Times

The success of rabies vaccination is characterized by the growth of seropositive antibody titers (?0.5 IU) after vaccination. One of the tests conducted to monitor antibody growth is ELISA (Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay). This study aimed to determine the effect of different vaccine doses on the growth of rabies antibodies in kintamani dogs. The study was conducted using an experimental method with a study design using 2 variables, namely the difference in vaccine doses (0.5 and 0.75 cc) and the times of blood collection (1, 2 and 3 months after vaccination). Each vaccine dose was given to three kintamani dogs. Antibodies were measured using ELISA and data were analyzed with paired sample t-test between the treatment dose of 0.75 cc and 0.5 cc at months 1.2 and 3 after vaccination. The results showed that at first month the antibody titer were 2,12 IU at a dose of 0.75 cc and 3.72 IU at a dose of 0.5 cc. At second months, antibody titers were 7.74 IU (0.75 cc dose) and 10.85 IU (0.5 cc dose), while at third month, antibody titers were 5.73 IU (0.75 cc) and 9.00 IU (0.5 cc). Vaccine doses administered produce antibody titer levels that did not differ significantly between 0.75 cc and 0.5 cc doses.   Keyword: Antibody, ELISA, Kintamani Dog, Rabies

scholarly journals Antibody titers before and after booster doses of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines in healthy adults

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexis R. Demonbreun ◽  
Amelia Sancillo ◽  
Lauren A Vaught ◽  
Nina L Reiser ◽  
Lorenzo Pesce ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Messenger Rna ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Vaccine Dose ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
The Us ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Waning Immunity ◽  
Antibody Levels

Two-dose messenger RNA vaccines (BNT162b2/Pfizer and mRNA-1273/Moderna) against SARS-CoV-2 were rolled out in the US in December 2020, and provide protection against hospitalization and death from COVID-19 for at least six months. Breakthrough infections have increased with waning immunity and the spread of the B.1.617.2 (Delta) variant in summer 2021, prompting approval of boosters for all adults over 18. We measured anti-receptor binding domain (RBD) IgG and surrogate virus neutralization of the interaction between SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and the human angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE2) receptor, before and after boosters in N=33 healthy adults. We document large antibody responses 6-10 days after booster, with antibody levels that exceed levels documented after natural infection with COVID-19, after two doses of vaccine, or after both natural infection and vaccination. Surrogate neutralization of B.1.617.2 is high but reduced in comparison with wild-type SARS-CoV-2. These data support the use of boosters to prevent breakthrough infections and suggest that antibody-mediated immunity may last longer than after the second vaccine dose.

scholarly journals Plasma neutralization properties of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabian Schmidt ◽  
Frauke Muecksch ◽  
Yiska Weisblum ◽  
Justin Da Silva ◽  
Eva Bednarski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Response ◽  
Vaccine Dose ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Affinity Maturation ◽  
Spike Protein ◽  
Human Antibody ◽  
Similar Distribution ◽  
Neutralizing Activity ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Prior Infection

BACKGROUND The Omicron SARS-CoV-2 variant has spread internationally and is responsible for rapidly increasing case numbers. The emergence of divergent variants in the context of a heterogeneous and evolving neutralizing antibody response in host populations might compromise protection afforded by vaccines or prior infection. METHODS We measured neutralizing antibody titers in 169 longitudinally collected plasma samples using pseudotypes bearing the Wuhan-hu-1 or the Omicron variant or a laboratory-designed neutralization-resistant SARS-CoV-2 spike (PMS20). Plasmas were obtained from convalescents who did or did not subsequently receive an mRNA vaccine, or naive individuals who received 3-doses of mRNA or 1-dose Ad26 vaccines. Samples were collected approximately 1, 5-6 and 12 months after initial vaccination or infection. RESULTS Like PMS20, the Omicron spike protein was substantially resistant to neutralization compared to Wuhan-hu-1. In convalescent plasma the median deficit in neutralizing activity against PMS20 or Omicron was 30- to 60-fold. Plasmas from recipients of 2 mRNA vaccine doses were 30- to 180- fold less potent against PMS20 and Omicron than Wuhan-hu-1. Notably, previously infected or two-mRNA dose vaccinated individuals who received additional mRNA vaccine dose(s) had 38 to 154-fold and 35 to 214-fold increases in neutralizing activity against Omicron and PMS20 respectively. CONCLUSIONS Omicron exhibits similar distribution of sequence changes and neutralization resistance as does a laboratory-designed neutralization-resistant spike protein, suggesting natural evolutionary pressure to evade the human antibody response. Currently available mRNA vaccine boosters, that may promote antibody affinity maturation, significantly ameliorate SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody titers.

scholarly journals Neutralizing Antibody Response to Pseudotype SARS-CoV-2 Differs between mRNA-1273 and BNT162b2 COVID-19 Vaccines and by History of SARS-CoV-2 Infection

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harmony L. Tyner ◽  
Mark G. Thompson ◽  
Jefferey L. Burgess ◽  
Lauren Grant ◽  
Manjusha Gaglani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Response ◽  
Messenger Rna ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Vaccine Dose ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Frontline Workers ◽  
History Of ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Background: Data on the development of neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 after SARS-CoV-2 infection and after vaccination with messenger RNA (mRNA) COVID-19 vaccines are limited. Methods: From a prospective cohort of 3,975 adult essential and frontline workers tested weekly from August, 2020 to March, 2021 for SARS-CoV-2 infection by Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) assay irrespective of symptoms, 497 participants had sera drawn after infection (170), vaccination (327), and after both infection and vaccination (50 from the infection population). Serum was collected after infection and each vaccine dose. Serum-neutralizing antibody titers against USA-WA1/2020-spike pseudotype virus were determined by the 50% inhibitory dilution. Geometric mean titers (GMTs) and corresponding fold increases were calculated using t-tests and linear mixed effects models. Results: Among 170 unvaccinated participants with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 158 (93%) developed neutralizing antibodies (nAb) with a GMT of 1,003 (95% CI=766-1,315). Among 139 previously uninfected participants, 138 (99%) developed nAb after mRNA vaccine dose-2 with a GMT of 3,257 (95% CI = 2,596-4,052). GMT was higher among those receiving mRNA-1273 vaccine (GMT =4,698, 95%CI= 3,186-6,926) compared to BNT162b2 vaccine (GMT=2,309, 95%CI=1,825-2,919). Among 32 participants with prior SARS-CoV-2 infection, GMT was 21,655 (95%CI=14,766-31,756) after mRNA vaccine dose-1, without further increase after dose-2. Conclusions: A single dose of mRNA vaccine after SARS-CoV-2 infection resulted in the highest observed nAb response. Two doses of mRNA vaccine in previously uninfected participants resulted in higher nAb to SARS-CoV-2 than after one dose of vaccine or SARS-CoV-2 infection alone. Neutralizing antibody response also differed by mRNA vaccine product.

Synbiotic-associated improvement in liver function in cirrhotic patients: Relation to changes in circulating cytokine messenger RNA and protein levels

2007 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen M. Riordan ◽  
Narelle A. Skinner ◽  
Christopher J. Mciver ◽  
Qing Liu ◽  
Stig Bengmark ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Function ◽  
Messenger Rna ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Cirrhotic Patients

Correlation Between Recombinant Human Erythropoietin Dose and Inflammatory Status in Dialysed Patients

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 354-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrei Niculae ◽  
Cristiana David ◽  
Razvan Florin Ion Dragomirescu ◽  
Ileana Peride ◽  
Flavia Liliana Turcu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Recombinant Human Erythropoietin ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Daily Practice ◽  
Therapeutic Benefit ◽  
Chronic Dialysis ◽  
Dialysis Patients ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Human Erythropoietin ◽  
Inflammatory Status

Once recombinant human erythropoietin (r-HuEPO) was introduced in daily practice, huge steps were made in combating the adverse effects induced by anemia in chronic kidney disease population. Still, r-HuEPO resistance and the doses ensuring the maximum therapeutic benefit remain matters of debate. The aim of our study was to assess the correlation between the presence and the degree of inflammation and the r-HuEPO requirements in chronic dialysis patients. We conducted a 2 years prospective study on 146 patients undergoing chronic dialysis treated with r-HuEPO. Based on their average CRP (C-reactive protein) levels, obtained from repeated samplings at 3 months interval, 3 groups were formed; we noted in each group the average values of r-HuEPO prescribed to achieve the optimum hemoglobin levels according to the dialysis best practice guidelines and all the adverse effects of the therapy. A direct correlation was observed between CRP levels and r-HuEPO requirements in the first 2 groups of patients (CRP under 6 mg/L and CRP values 6-20 mg/L), with significant increase in r-HuEPO doses between groups (p [ 0.001); the third group, CRP values over 20 mg/dL, showed a minor, insignificant increase in average r-HuEPO doses compared to mild inflammation group (p = 0.199) and more adverse effects of the therapy (p [ 0.05). Inflammation is an important determinant of anemia in chronic dialysis patients and can induce an increase in the doses of r-HuEPO. However, prescribing excessive r-HuEPO doses is not the answer in severe inflammatory status, due to lack of response and possible adverse effects.

ARIMA model for forecasting COVID-19 Death cases in India (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeya Sutha M
Keyword(s):  
Arima Model ◽  
Public Health Emergency ◽  
World Health ◽  
The People ◽  
The World ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Government ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Spread Of Infection ◽  
Death Cases

UNSTRUCTURED COVID-19, the disease caused by a novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is a highly contagious disease. On January 30, 2020 the World Health Organization declared the outbreak as a Public Health Emergency of International Concern. As of July 25, 2020; 15,947,292 laboratory-confirmed and 642,814 deaths have been reported globally. India has reported 1,338,928 confirmed cases and 31,412 deaths till date. This paper presents different aspects of COVID-19, visualization of the spread of infection and presents the ARIMA model for forecasting the status of COVID-19 death cases in the next 50 days in order to take necessary precaution by the Government to save the people.

scholarly journals Resources, Production Scales and Time Required for Producing RNA Vaccines for the Global Pandemic Demand

Vaccines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 3
Author(s):  
Zoltán Kis ◽  
Cleo Kontoravdi ◽  
Robin Shattock ◽  
Nilay Shah
Keyword(s):  
Production Process ◽  
Messenger Rna ◽  
Vaccination Campaign ◽  
Vaccine Dose ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Production Scale ◽  
Working Volume ◽  
Global Demand ◽  
The Impact

To overcome pandemics, such as COVID-19, vaccines are urgently needed at very high volumes. Here we assess the techno-economic feasibility of producing RNA vaccines for the demand associated with a global vaccination campaign. Production process performance is assessed for three messenger RNA (mRNA) and one self-amplifying RNA (saRNA) vaccines, all currently under clinical development, as well as for a hypothetical next-generation saRNA vaccine. The impact of key process design and operation uncertainties on the performance of the production process was assessed. The RNA vaccine drug substance (DS) production rates, volumes and costs are mostly impacted by the RNA amount per vaccine dose and to a lesser extent by the scale and titre in the production process. The resources, production scale and speed required to meet global demand vary substantially in function of the RNA amount per dose. For lower dose saRNA vaccines, global demand can be met using a production process at a scale of below 10 L bioreactor working volume. Consequently, these small-scale processes require a low amount of resources to set up and operate. RNA DS production can be faster than fill-to-finish into multidose vials; hence the latter may constitute a bottleneck.

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