scholarly journals The Vacuolar Transporter OsNRAMP2 Mediates Fe Remobilization During Germination and Affects Cd Distribution to Rice Grain

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia-Dong Chang ◽  
Yun Xie ◽  
Huanhuan Zhang ◽  
Shurui Zhang ◽  
Fangjie Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Toxic Metal ◽  
Natural Resistance ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Rice Grains ◽  
Protein Storage Vacuoles ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Macrophage Protein ◽  
Cd Distribution ◽  
Germinating Seeds

Abstract Background and aims Iron (Fe) deficiency in plants is a common problem affecting agricultural production. Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic metal that can be taken up and transported within plants by transporters for divalent metals including Fe(II). The present study aims to investigate the functions of OsNRAMP2 (Natural Resistance-Associated Macrophage Protein 2) in the remobilization and distribution of Fe and Cd in rice. Methods The expression pattern of OsNRAMP2 was determined by quantitative real-time PCR and pOsNRAMP2:GUS assay. Knockout mutants of OsNRAMP2 were generated by using CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing. Localization of Fe in the vacuolar globoids of germinating seeds was imaged by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Distributions of Fe and Cd between different plant tissues were investigated in hydroponic and soil pot experiments. Results OsNRAMP2 was mainly expressed in the embryo of germinating seeds, roots, leaf sheaths and leaf blades. OsNRAMP2 was localized at the tonoplast. Knockout of OsNRAMP2 delayed seed germination and produced chlorotic seedling leaves. Remobilization of Fe stored in the protein storage vacuoles in the scutellum of germinating seeds was restricted in osnramp2 mutants compared with wild type. Expression of genes related to Fe uptake was enhanced in the seedlings of osnramp2 mutants. Knockout of OsNRAMP2 significantly decreased the distribution of Cd, but not Fe, from leaves and straws to rice grains. Conclusions OsNRAMP2 plays an important role in remobilizing vacuolar Fe during seed germination and affects translocation of Cd from vegetative tissues to rice grains.

The Tonoplast-Localized Transporter OsNRAMP2 is involved in Fe Homeostasis and affects Seed Germination in rice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun Li ◽  
Jingjun Li ◽  
Yihong Yu ◽  
Xia Dai ◽  
Changyi Gong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Natural Resistance ◽  
Fe Deficiency ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Crop Development ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Macrophage Protein ◽  
Fe Homeostasis ◽  
Fe Toxicity

Abstract Vacuolar storage of iron (Fe) is important for Fe homeostasis in plants. When sufficient, the excess Fe could be stored in vacuoles for remobilization in case of Fe deficiency. Although the mechanism of Fe remobilization from vacuoles is critical for crop development under low Fe stress, the transporters that mediate vacuolar Fe translocation into the cytosol in rice remains unknown. Here, we showed that under higher Fe 2+ concentrations, the Δccc1 yeast mutant transformed with rice natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 2 (OsNRAMP2) became more sensitive to Fe toxicity. In rice protoplasts and transgenic plants expressing Pro35S: OsNRAMP2-GFP, OsNRAMP2 was localized to tonoplast. Vacuolar Fe contents in osnramp2 knockdown lines were higher than in the wild-type, while the growth of osnramp2 knockdown plants was significantly influenced by Fe deficiency. Furthermore, the germination of osnramp2 knockdown plants was arrested. Inversely, the vacuolar Fe contents of Pro35S: OsNRAMP2-GFP lines were significantly lower than in the wild-type, and overexpression of OsNRAMP2 increased shoot biomass under Fe deficiency. Taken together, we propose that OsNRAMP2 transports Fe from the vacuole to the cytosol and plays a pivotal role in seed germination.

scholarly journals Effect of Phosphorus Application on Arsenic Species Accumulation and Co-Deposition of Polyphenols in Rice Grain: Phyto and Food Safety Evaluation

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 281
Author(s):  
Arghya Chattopadhyay ◽  
Anand Prakash Singh ◽  
Deepak Kasote ◽  
Indrajit Sen ◽  
Ahmed Regina
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Chlorophyll Biosynthesis ◽  
Arsenic Species ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Rice Grains ◽  
Species Accumulation ◽  
Spiked Soil ◽  
As Species ◽  
Phosphorus Application

The present study was aimed at exploring the effect of soil application of different concentrations of orthophosphate (P) (0, 10, 20, 30, and 40 mg kg−1) on rice agronomic and yield parameters, arsenic (As) species accumulation, and polyphenol levels in the grain of rice grown under As spiked soil (10 mg kg−1). The contents of As species (As(V), As (III), MMA and DMA) and polyphenols in rice grain samples were estimated using LC-ICP-MS and LC-MS/MS, respectively. P treatments significantly reduced the toxic effects of As on agronomic parameters such as root weight and length, shoot and spike length, straw, and grain yield. Among the treatments studied, only the treatment of 30 mg kg−1 P helps to decrease the elevated levels of As (V), As (III), and DMA in rice grains due to As application. The study revealed that 30 mg kg−1 was the optimal P application amount to minimize AS accumulation in rice grains and As-linked toxicity on agronomic parameters and chlorophyll biosynthesis. Furthermore, the levels of trans-ferulic acid, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, and apigenin-7-glucoside increased in response to accumulation of As in the rice grain. In conclusion, the precise use of phosphorus may help to mitigate arsenic linked phytotoxicity and enhance the food safety aspect of rice grain.

scholarly journals Impact of irrigation techniques on rice yield and dynamics of zinc in plants and soil

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 135-142
Author(s):  
Phuong Dinh Thi Lan ◽  
Nga Nguyen Thi Hang ◽  
Hoa Nguyen Thanh
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Rice Yield ◽  
Red River ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Agricultural Practice ◽  
Flood Irrigation ◽  
Red River Delta ◽  
Rice Grains ◽  
Zn Concentration

Zinc (Zn) insufficiency and water deficiency are primary challenges in intensive rice production systems. This study aims to examine the influence of two irrigation regimes, flood irrigation (FI) and water-saving irrigation (WSI), on rice grain yield and mobile Zn accumulation in soil and rice grains. Experiments were conducted in An Vien rice fields in the Tien Lu district, Hung Yen province, located in the middle of the Red River delta during four rice seasons from 2015 to 2016. The results showed that the WSI regime dramatically increased the grain yield and Zn concentrations in grain of rice. Grain yield was increased by 14.76% and grain Zn concentration by 17.93% when compared with the FI regime. The decrease in the mobile Zn concentration in soil was only 5.7% in the WSI technique, compared with 73.6% for FI techniques. Therefore, it can be concluded that WSI can be effective agricultural practice to elevate grain yield and increase Zn retention in soil and bioavailability in rice grains.

scholarly journals Analysis of Fungal Contamination on Commercially Sold Rice in Puerto Rico

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Colón Carrión ◽  
Chad Lozada Troche
Keyword(s):  
Rice Variety ◽  
Fungal Endophytes ◽  
Brown Rice ◽  
P Value ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Penicillium Verrucosum ◽  
Normal Surface ◽  
White Rice ◽  
Rice Grains ◽  
Fungal Contaminants

Crops and stored grains are susceptible to pathogens that represent a threat to our health. The study presented herein compares the normal surface and endophytic fungal communities present on white and brown rice grains. One hundred grains of each rice variety was analyzed to determine their fungal contaminants and endophytes. Fungi were inoculated on SDA media, and purified in PDA media; morphological characterization was performed followed by amplification of the ITS region using PCR for all fungal isolates. Statistical analysis indicated significant differences between medium brown rice compared to white rice for surface and endophytic communities (p-value £ 0.05). In addition, a higher fungal diversity was found on brown rice grains compared to white rice. This variation may be due to differences in the processing methods used for each rice grain type. BLAST analysis revealed the presence of toxigenic strains of Aspergillus flavus, A.oryzae, Penicillium verrucosum, and P. viridicatum. The study of fungal growth in rice grains can contribute to the minimization of mycotoxin production by its prevention and control; therefore, decreasing crop contamination and human exposure to their metabolites. KEYWORDS: Fungi; Rice; Fungal contaminants; Fungal endophytes

scholarly journals Mechanical and Processing Properties of Rice Grains

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 552 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weronika Kruszelnicka ◽  
Andrzej Marczuk ◽  
Robert Kasner ◽  
Patrycja Bałdowska-Witos ◽  
Katarzyna Piotrowska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Static Compression ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Rice Grains ◽  
Processing Properties

Strength properties of grains have a significant impact on the energy demand of grinding mills. This paper presents the results of tests of strength and energy needed the for destruction of rice grains. The research aim was to experimentally determine mechanical and processing properties of the rice grains. The research problem was formulated in the form of questions: (1) what force and energy are needed to induce a rupture of rice grain of the Oryza sativa L. of long-grain variety? (2) what is the relationship between grain size and strength parameters and the energy of grinding rice grain of the species Oryza sativa L. long-grain variety? In order to find the answer to the problems posed, a static compression test of rice grains was done. The results indicate that the average forces needed to crush rice grain are 174.99 kg m·s−2, and the average energy is 28.03 mJ. There was no statistically significant relationship between the grain volume calculated based on the volumetric mass density Vρ and the crushing energy, nor between the volume Vρ and other strength properties of rice grains. In the case of Vs, a low negative correlation between strength σmin and a low positive correlation between the power inducing the first crack were found for the grain size related volume. A low negative correlation between the grain thickness a3, stresses σmin and work WFmax was found as well as a low positive correlation between thickness a3 and the force inducing the first crack Fmin.

scholarly journals Seed germination of Brazilian Aldama species (Asteraceae)

2015 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 185-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aline Bertolosi Bombo ◽  
Tuane Santos de Oliveira ◽  
Beatriz Appezzato-da-Glória ◽  
Ana Dionísia da Luz Coelho Novembre
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Reproductive Strategies ◽  
Fluorescent Lamp ◽  
Optimal Temperature ◽  
Embryo Viability ◽  
Seed Health ◽  
Sexual Propagation ◽  
Alternating Temperature ◽  
Underground System ◽  
Germinating Seeds

Brazilian samples from the Aldama genus (Asteraceae) could not propagate vegetatively despite their thickened underground system; thus, this study on sexual propagation is critical given the lack of data on reproductive strategies for such species. The aim for this research was to assess the optimal temperature for Aldama arenaria, A. filifolia, A. linearifolia, A. robustaand A. trichophylla seed germination. Seed germination was evaluated at the constant temperatures 20, 25 and 30 °C and the alternating temperatures 15-35, 20-30 and 20-35 °C with an 8-h daily photoperiod, using fluorescent-lamp. The ungerminated seeds were evaluated for embryo viability. The A. filifolia seed health was also evaluated. The optimal temperatures for germination are 20 and 25 °C for Aldama arenaria, A. filifolia, A. robusta and A. trichophylla seeds and 20 °C for A. linearifoliaseeds. The alternating temperature 15-35 °C is not recommended for germinating seeds from these species. The six fungi taxa studied herein did not affect A. filifolia seed germination.

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