scholarly journals Performance of a Score to Characterize Adequate Contact among the Social Network of Persons with Tuberculosis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Eugenia Castellanos ◽  
Sarah Zalwango ◽  
Trang Quach ◽  
Robert Kakaire ◽  
Leonardo Martínez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Prevalence Ratio ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Tuberculous Infection ◽  
Urban Context ◽  
Tuberculosis Case ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Social Contacts ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background. Exposure to an individual with tuberculosis is necessary for transmission to occur. Previously, we developed a score that measures contact between tuberculosis cases and their social networks in an African urban context. This score was built using exploratory factor analysis and identified contact as the conjunction of two domains – setting and relationship. Now, our aim is to determine whether this score covaries with the presence of tuberculous infection among social contacts of tuberculosis cases.Methods. This was a large cross-sectional study conducted in Kampala, Uganda from 2012-2016. Tuberculous infection was assessed in social contacts of adult tuberculosis cases. We estimated the prevalence of tuberculous infection in this population, overall and according to the setting and relationship domains. We calculated the prevalence ratio (PR) for the association between increasing scores in the setting and relationship domains and tuberculous infection, adjusted by other covariates, using modified Poisson regression models. Results. We enrolled 955 household and community contacts from 119 tuberculosis cases. The overall prevalence of tuberculous infection in the social networks was 52% (95% confidence interval [CI], 48-55). The prevalence of tuberculous infection in very low, low, medium, and high setting-contact quartiles was 44%, 40%, 53%, and 70% respectively (Ptrend<.0001). By the relationship score, the prevalence of tuberculous infection in very low, low, moderate and high-contact groups was 41%, 47%, 53% and 66% respectively (Ptrend<.0001). The effect of the setting score in the prevalence of tuberculous infection was higher among children between 5-14 years (PR=1.26; 95% CI 1.15-1.39) whereas the relationship score was associated with tuberculous infection in children of 0-4 years (PR=1.42; 95% CI 1.10-1.82)Conclusion. In this large observational study from an urban African setting, participants, especially children, with higher setting and relationship scores were more likely infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis among contacts of a tuberculosis case.

scholarly journals Fear of missing out (FoMO) and Instagram use: Analysis of the relationships between narcisim and self-esteem

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-38
Author(s):  
María Torres Serrano
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Fear Of Missing Out ◽  
New Information ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Relationship

The emerging phenomenon of FoMO has received the attention of a number of researchers. Studies have sought to establish the relationship between this phenomenon and the rise of social networks, and they have examined FoMO’s effects on the users of these networks. This paper continues this research in the form of a cross-sectional study aimed at establishing the relationships between fear of missing out, the use of the social network Instagram, narcissism and self-esteem. The sample consisted of 364 individuals, out of whom 301 participants were selected. Their ages ranged from 18 to 30 years old. For the purposes of this study, an ad hoc questionnaire was used for the variables related to Instagram use.   Data were also gathered via the  FoMO-E scale, the HSNS (to measure narcissism) and the Rosenberg self-esteem scale. The results show a positive correlation between the variables measuring Instagram use and FoMO, as well as between FoMO and narcissism. Meanwhile, there is a negative correlation between FoMO and self-esteem. Thus, the study’s initial hypotheses are confirmed. The study also has yielded new information on the studied constructs and their links to the use of social networks, specifically Instagram.

scholarly journals Percepções de estudantes do IFPB – Câmpus Campina Grande sobre a preferência o uso adequado e inadequado de redes sociais

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (46) ◽  
pp. 44
Author(s):  
Icaro Alencar Rodrigues ◽  
Hozana Santos Silva ◽  
Maiara Maria Bezerra
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Professional Education ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Federal Institute ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Education Courses

School indiscipline sometimes finds a vast field through digital social networks. This way, this article presents part of the results of the research “The Relationship Between School Indiscipline and the Use of Social Networks in the perception of students of higher secondary technical-professional education courses of the Federal Institute of Paraíba - Campina Grande Campus, approved by the IFPB INTERCONECTA Program, which is an, exploratory, qualitative and quantitative cross - sectional study that aims to investigate students’ perceptions of the first and second years of the IFPB - Campina Grande Campus high school technical courses about what are the most used social networks by these participants and how they define appropriate and inappropriate behavior in these networks. The results showed that whatsapp, instagram and facebook are the social networks most used by the participants. They also showed that the ease of communication and interaction with other users as the main appropriate use and virtual crimes as the most cited inappropriate action in Social Networks. The results of this research suggest the possibility of preventive training for young people and their families about the use of social networks and their consequences.

scholarly journals A INFLUÊNCIA DOS CONTEXTOS SOCIODEMOGRÁFICOS NO BONDING PATERNO

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 489
Author(s):  
Carla Cruz ◽  
Paula Nelas ◽  
Emília Coutinho ◽  
Cláudia Chaves ◽  
Odete Amaral
Keyword(s):  
Marital Status ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Bonding Process ◽  
Nurse Specialist ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Social ◽  
Sample Characterization ◽  
Social Demographic ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract.THE INFLUENCE OF SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC CONTEXT ON PARENT/BABY BONDINGBackground: The bonding process is essential to favors and/or determines the future relationship between parent and baby and influences the cognitive and social development of the child. The bonding is conditioned by a set of interrelated factors with parental and situational conditions that may assist or prevent the establishment of bonding (Pereira, 2009).Objective: Establish the relationship between the sociodemographic context (age, marital status, educational qualifications and length of relationship) and bonding parent/baby.Methods: This study is a cross-sectional study, correlational descriptive, quantitative, attended by 349 parents, aged between 19 and 55, with an average age of 31,84 (sd=6,067). To providing a reliable sample characterization the social-demographic we applied questionnaires and Bonding Scale (Figueiredo et al., 2005).Results: This study reveals that positive bonding is influenced by age (p=0,010), being higher in parents aged 30 years or less. With regard to qualifications, it was found that the smaller the educational level of the parents, the greater the bonding positive (p=0,045). On the other hand the marital status and the length of the relationship did not influence the bonding.Conclusion: Given the importance of the bonding process between parent and baby, whose involvement should exist from the beginning of pregnancy, it’s imperative that the Nurse Specialist in maternal health take responsibility to educate and stimulate the paternal bonding supporting and integrating the father in the process of adaptation to parenthood.Keywords: Father, Baby, Bonding; Pregnancy.Resumo. Enquadramento: O processo de vinculação é indispensável pois favorece e/ou determina a futura relação entre a díade: pai/bebé e influencia o desenvolvimento cognitivo e social da criança. Este processo de vinculação (bonding) é condicionado por um conjunto de fatores interligados com as condições parentais e situacionais que poderão coadjuvar ou impedir o estabelecimento do proceso de vinculação (Pereira, 2009).Objetivo: Estabelecer a relação entre o contexto sociodemográfico (idade, estado civil, habilitações literárias e duração do relacionamento) e a vinculação (bonding) entre o pai e o bebé.Método: Trata-se de um estudo transversal, descritivo-correlacional, de natureza quantitativa, com uma amostra de 349 pais com média de idade de 31,84 anos (dp= 6,067). O instrumento de colheita de dados foi o questionário que permitiu caracterizar a amostra nas variáveis sociodemográficas e a Escala de Bonding (Figueiredo et al., 2005).Resultados: Os resultados demonstram que o bonding positivo é influenciado pela idade (p=0,010), sendo mais elevado nos pais com idade igual ou inferior a 30 anos. No que concerne às habilitações literárias, verificou-se que quanto menor é a escolaridade dos pais, maior é o bonding positivo (p=0,045).Por outro lado o estado civil e a duração do relacionamento não influenciam o bonding.Conclusão: Face à importância do processo de vinculação pai/bebe, cujo envolvimento debe existir desde o início da gravidez, é imprescindível que o Enfermeiro especialista em saúde materna assuma a responsabilidade de educar e estimular o bonding paterno apoiando e integrando o pai no processo de adaptação à parentalidade.Palavras-chave: Pai; Bebé; Bonding; gravidez

scholarly journals Relationship of Knowledge of Mother with the Level of Language Development in Children Aged 2-3 Years in Puskesmas Padang Panyang, Nagan Raya

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 36
Author(s):  
Anasril Anasril ◽  
Muhammad Husaini ◽  
Bustami Bustami ◽  
Amiruddin Amiruddin
Keyword(s):  
Language Development ◽  
Prevalence Ratio ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Maternal Knowledge ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
A Value ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Knowledge Of Language ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Stimulation of growth and development, especially language development in children, needs to be done to improve children's ability to speak in accordance with the level of development. The lack of information obtained by mothers about the importance of language stimulation for children causes mothers to consider it normal when a child is able to speak too late. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between maternal knowledge and the level of language development in children aged 2-3 years in Puskesmas Pandang Panyang, Nagan Raya. This research is analytical with a cross-sectional study design. The number of samples is 100 people taken randomly. The results showed that there was a significant relationship between maternal knowledge about language stimulation and language development in children aged 2-3 years with a value of p = 0.000. With Prevalence ratio (PR), namely 31.89. It is recommended that parents increase their knowledge of language stimulation in order to realize language development according to age and child

scholarly journals The Prevalence of Addiction to Social Network Among Students in Iran and its Factors Related: A Study Conducted in 2020

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 170-176
Author(s):  
Hoorieh Rahiminia ◽  
Hamid Soori ◽  
Mahdi Jafari ◽  
Soheila Khodakarim
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Data Collection Tool ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
The Social

Background: In the present era, the prevalence of addiction to social networks has shown that many users, including students, are detaching from the real world. Therefore, this study aims to estimate the prevalence of addiction to the social networks among students in Iran and its related factors. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted in 2020 on 1000 students in Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. The data collection tool was a standardized questionnaire about addiction to the social networks distributed online among students. Statistical data were analyzed using Stata software version 14. Results: Generally, 462 students (44%) had addiction to social networks, of which 449 (90.04%) had slight addiction and 13 (9.96%) had severe addiction. The results showed that age (p = 0.001), type of disciplines in the treatment-related subgroup (p = 0.03) and using nerve medicine (p = 0.0001) had significant relationships with addiction to social networks. Conclusion: Considering that a high number of students in the present study are at high risk of addiction, it is suggested that educational programs should be implemented to improve the knowledge of parents and students for optimal use of social networks and raise awareness of the harmful consequences of addiction.

scholarly journals Low neutrophil-to-lmphocyte ratio decreases risk of coronavirus disease in pregnant women

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 88
Author(s):  
Nutria Widya Purna Anggraini ◽  
Sri Sulistyowati
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Prevalence Ratio ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rapid Tests ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
The Relationship

<div class="WordSection1">BACKGROUND<br />Coronavirus Infection 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is an emergency condition for global public health. Early detection of COVID-19 in pregnant women is needed. The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), as a marker of viral inflammatory response, is used to determine the presence of a viral or bacterial infection, both acute and chronic. The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between NLR and the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) swab test results in pregnant women with suspected coronavirus disease 2019.<br /><br />METHODS<br />A cross-sectional study was conducted on 9 pregnant women with suspected COVID-19. The subjects were inpatients at Moewardi Hospital Surakarta from 19 April-19 May 2020, who had rapid tests, complete blood examinations, and PCR swab tests. The NLR was categorized based on early warning scores according to research developed at Zhejiang University, with cut-off point 5.8. Diagnosis of COVID-19 was confirmed by PCR swab tests. Relation between NLR   and PCR swab results was analyzed by the prevalence ratio.<br /><br />RESULTS<br />Two patients (22.2%) had NLR &gt;5.8, with positive swab results in both (100%). Seven patients with NLR &lt;5.8 had positive swabs in only one (33.3%). The relationship between NLR and PCR swab test results showed a prevalence ratio of 0.143 (95% CI 0.023-0.877).<br /><br />CONCLUSION<br />Pregnant women with NLR &lt; 5.8 had a decreased risk of COVID-19. Routine blood examination is more suitable for finding pregnant women with suspected COVID-19.</div>

The relationship amongst nurses’ perceived organizational justice, work consciousness, and responsibility

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 701-713
Author(s):  
Abolfazal Mohammadi ◽  
Nasrin Hanifi ◽  
Nasrin Jafari Varjoshani
Keyword(s):  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Organizational Justice ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Willingness To Participate ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Nurses’ perceived organizational justice is one of the factors influencing their social responsibility and conscientiousness. Social responsibility and conscience are major requirements for providing high-quality and standardized care. Objective: The aim of the present study is to investigate the relationship of perceived organizational justice with work consciousness and the social responsibility of the nurses. Methods: The present cross-sectional study was performed on 380 nurses who had at least 1 year of job experience and willingness to participate in the study. The study was conducted in Zanjan province, Iran, in 2018. The study subjects were selected via stratified random sampling. The data were collected using an organizational justice scale, corporate social responsibility scale, and consciousness scale. Questionnaires were completed through self-reporting. The data were analyzed using partial correlation coefficient and linear regression analysis. Ethical considerations: Research ethics approval (with the code of IR.ZUMS.REC.1397.47) was obtained from Zanjan University of Medical Sciences. Results: The results indicated that nurses felt injustice in all dimensions of organizational justice (2.66 ± .753). They feel the most sense of injustice in distributive justice (2.19 ± .798). In three dimensions, except the ethic dimension, the social responsibility was in a desirable range (2.79 ± .703). In two dimensions, work consciousness was in a desirable range. The results showed a significant and positive relationship between all dimensions of social responsibility and all dimensions of organizational justice (r = .072). However, no statistically significant relationship was observed between the dimensions of organizational justice and conscience (r = –.002). Conclusion: Based on the obtained results, social responsibility and the work consciousness of the nurses are affected by organizational justice. Therefore, nursing managers are suggested to change their management styles to reduce the sense of organizational injustice in nurses and have long-term productivity.

scholarly journals Frailty in older adults and their association with social determinants of Health. The SABE Colombia Study

2019 ◽  
pp. 89-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
José M Ocampo Chaparro ◽  
Carlos A Reyes Ortiz ◽  
Ximena Castro Flórez ◽  
Fernando Gómez
Keyword(s):  
Social Determinants Of Health ◽  
Social Determinants ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Determinants Of Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Childhood Health ◽  
The Social ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
The Relationship

Objective: To estimate the prevalence of frailty and evaluate the relationship with the social determinants of health in elderly residents in urban and rural areas of Colombia. Methods: The SABE (Health, Wellbeing, and Aging) Colombia project is a cross-sectional study, carried out in 2014-2015, involving 24,553 men and women aged 60 years and older who live in the community in Colombia. For this analysis, we used data from 4,474 participants included as a subsample with grip strength measurements. The frailty syndrome was diagnosed according to the Fried criteria (weakness, low speed, low physical activity, exhaustion, and weight loss). The independent variables were grouped as (a) biological and genetic flow, (b) lifestyle (adverse conditions in childhood) (c) social networks and community, and (d) socio-economic, cultural and environmental conditions. Multiple logistic and linear regression analyses were used to assess the prognostic value of frailty for the outcomes of interest. Results: The prevalence of frailty was 17.9%. The factors significantly associated with frailty were older age, being women, living in rural areas, having low education, a greater number of medical conditions, insufficient current income, childhood health problems and a poor economic situation in childhood. Conclusions: Our results support the need to include frailty prevention programs, to improve the socioeconomic health conditions of infants to avoid future development of frailty.

scholarly journals The relationship between body mass index and blood pressure: A study among school going children of Rajasthan, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 ◽  
pp. 236-241
Author(s):  
Sukhmani Kaur ◽  
Shivangi Chandel ◽  
Shivani Chandel
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Fourth Report ◽  
Diastolic Hypertension ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Routine Assessment

Objectives: Hypertension has become common in children and generally remains undiagnosed and untreated. The present study aims to find the prevalence of high blood pressure (BP) and examines the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and BP among school going children. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 240 school going children aged between 10 years and 17 years of Udaipur district of Rajasthan. Data were collected using interview schedules and somatometric measurements were taken based on standardized protocols established by the International Society for the Advancement of Kinanthropometry. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software version 20. Hypertension is considered when BP (systolic BP [SBP] and/or diastolic BP [DBP]) level is ≥95th percentile for height, age, and sex according to the Fourth Report on the Diagnosis, Evaluation, and Treatment of High BP in Children and Adolescents (2004). Results: It was found that 49% children were underweight, 3% were overweight, and 2% were obese. Hypertension was seen in 39 (16.2%) children (5.4% systolic hypertension, 5.8% diastolic hypertension, and 5% both systolic and diastolic hypertension). Children who were overweight/obese were more likely to have hypertension than those who were normal or underweight. Conclusion: The findings of the present study indicate that BMI is a crucial factor affecting BP levels. Simple measurements of body weight and height to determine BMI as a routine assessment in schools would help in controlling BP levels in children that might cause adulthood morbidity and mortality due to hypertension.

scholarly journals Family members of patients in palliative care in intensive care

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 546
Author(s):  
Monica Guimarães Klemig Gomes de Melo Britto ◽  
Hedyanne Guerra Pereira ◽  
Rodrigo Da Silva Maia ◽  
Bruna Caroline Fernandes Andria ◽  
Eulália Maria Chaves Maia
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Palliative Care ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Support Scale ◽  
Apoyo Social ◽  
Terapia Intensiva ◽  
The Relationship

RESUMO Objetivo: investigar a existência da relação entre as necessidades e o apoio social percebidos pelos familiares de pacientes em cuidados paliativos na UTI. Método: tratar-se de um estudo quantitativo, de caráter transversal. Realizar-se-á a pesquisa com 52 familiares de pacientes que estejam em cuidados paliativos na UTI, em um hospital privado referência. Propor-se-ão os seguintes instrumentos para a realização desta pesquisa: questionário clínico e sociodemográfico, Escala de Apoio Social e Inventário de Necessidades e Estressores de Familiares em Terapia Intensiva. Basear-se-á a análise dos dados nas estatísticas descritiva e inferencial. Resultados esperados: esperar-se-á contribuir para o avanço na temática e para o desenvolvimento de práticas profissionais que venham ao encontro das demandas desta clientela, para que possam ser supridas. Descritores: Família; Cuidados Paliativos; Cuidados Críticos; Hospitalização; Unidade de Terapia Intensiva; Apoio Social.ABSTRACT Objective: to investigate the existence of the relationship between the needs and the social support perceived by the relatives of patients in palliative care in the ICU. Method: this is a quantitative, cross-sectional study. The research will be done with 52 relatives of patients who are in palliative care in the ICU, in a private referral hospital. The following instruments will be proposed for this research: clinical and sociodemographic questionnaire, Social Support Scale and Inventory of Needs and Stressors of Families in Intensive Care. Data analysis will be based on descriptive and inferential statistics. Expected results: it will be hoped to contribute to the advancement in the thematic and to the development of professional practices that meet the demands of this clientele, so that they can be supplied. Descriptors: Family; Palliative Care; Critical Care; Hospitalization; Intensive Care Unit; Social Support.RESUMEN Objetivo: investigar la existencia de la relación entre las necesidades y el apoyo social percibidos por los familiares de pacientes en cuidados paliativos en la UTI. Método: se tratar de un estudio cuantitativo, de carácter transversal. Se realizará la investigación con 52 familiares de pacientes que estén en cuidados paliativos en la UTI, en un hospital privado referencia. Se propondrán los siguientes instrumentos para la realización de esta investigación: cuestionario clínico y sociodemográfico, Escala de Apoyo Social e Inventario de Necesidades y Estresores de Familiares en Terapia Intensiva. Se basará el análisis de los datos en las estadísticas descriptivas e inferencial. Resultados esperados: se esperará contribuir al avance en la temática y al desarrollo de prácticas profesionales que vengan al encuentro de las demandas de esta clientela, para que puedan ser suplidas. Descriptores: Familia; Cuidados Paliativos; Cuidados Críticos; Hospitalización; Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos; Apoyo Social.

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