Compared the Burden of Cardiovascular Disease attributable to Tobacco Exposure in China, Japan, USA and World

Abstract Background Tobacco exposure (TE) is the major contributor of CVD mortality, but few published studies on CVD mortality attributable to TE analyzed the possible reasons underlying the long-term trends in China. Methods The mortality data in China, Japan, USA and World were obtained from GBD 2017. The joinpoint regression was used to assess the magnitude and direction of trends over time for CVD mortality, and the age-period-cohort method was used to analyze the temporal trends of CVD mortality by age, period, and cohort. Results There was a significant downward trend in age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) of CVD attributable to smoking in four regions, but China has the smallest decline and the ASMR in China rose to the first rank in 2017. All the net drifts per year in four regions were negative, and the local drifts were below zero. The longitudinal age curves of the CVD mortality attributable to smoking increased in four regions and China had the largest increase. The period/cohort RRs indicated a decline, and China has the smallest decline. We further analyzed the trend of IHD and stroke, and found the morality, period/cohort RR of IHD in China was always in high level. Conclusions CVD mortality attributable to TE had declined in four regions, and it was at a high level in China. The proportion of IHD mortality attributable to TE had been similar to stroke, which had significantly changed the traditional cognition of CVD composition, and the control measure was not enough for IHD in China.

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Compared the Burden of Cardiovascular Disease attributable to Tobacco Exposure in China, Japan, USA and World

10.21203/rs.3.rs-16505/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Xiaomei Wu ◽

Bo Zhu ◽

Shuang Xu ◽

Yifei Bi ◽

Yong Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Control Measure ◽

Temporal Trends ◽

The United States ◽

Mortality Data ◽

Tobacco Exposure ◽

Significant Downward Trend ◽

The World ◽

The Usa ◽

Disease Study ◽

Cvd Mortality

Abstract Background Tobacco exposure (TE) is the major contributor for CVD mortality, but few published studies on CVD mortality attributable to TE have analyzed the potential reasons underlying long-term trends in China. Our study sought to find the potential reasons and compared CVD mortality attributable to TE in China, Japan, the United States of America (USA), and the world between 1990 and 2017.Methods The mortality data in China, Japan, the USA, and the world were obtained from Global Burden of Disease Study 2017 (GBD 2017). Joinpoint regression was used to assess the trend magnitude and directions over time for CVD mortality, while the age-period-cohort method was used to analyze the temporal trends of CVD mortality according to age, period, and cohort.Results A significant downward trend was found in the age-standardised mortality rate (ASMR) of CVD attributable to smoking in four regions. China had the smallest decline and the Chinese ASMR became the highest in 2017. All the annual net drifts in the four regions were negative and the local drifts were below zero. The longitudinal age curves of CVD mortality attributable to smoking increased in four regions, with China having the largest increase. The period or cohort RRs indicated a decline, and China had the smallest decline. The researchers further analyzed the IHD and stroke trends, finding that the morality and period or cohort RR of IHD in China was always at a high level.Conclusions CVD mortality attributable to TE declined in four regions, and was highest in China. The proportion of IHD mortality attributable to TE was similar to stroke which significantly changed the traditional cognition of CVD composition, but the control measure was not sufficient for IHD in China.

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A cross country comparison for the burden of cardiovascular disease attributable to tobacco exposure in China, Japan, USA and world

10.21203/rs.3.rs-16505/v3 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Xiaomei Wu ◽

Bo Zhu ◽

Shuang Xu ◽

Yifei Bi ◽

Yong Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Control Measure ◽

Temporal Trends ◽

The United States ◽

Mortality Data ◽

Tobacco Exposure ◽

Significant Downward Trend ◽

The World ◽

The Usa ◽

Disease Study ◽

Cvd Mortality

Abstract Background Tobacco exposure (TE) is the major contributor for CVD mortality, but few published studies on CVD mortality attributable to TE have analyzed the potential reasons underlying long-term trends in China. Our study sought to find the potential reasons and compared CVD mortality attributable to TE in China, Japan, the United States of America (USA), and the world between 1990 and 2017.Methods The mortality data in China, Japan, the USA, and the world were obtained from Global Burden of Disease Study 2017 (GBD 2017). Joinpoint regression was used to assess the trend magnitude and directions over time for CVD mortality, while the age-period-cohort method was used to analyze the temporal trends of CVD mortality according to age, period, and cohort.Results A significant downward trend was found in the age-standardised mortality rate (ASMR) of CVD attributable to smoking in four regions. China had the smallest decline and the Chinese ASMR became the highest in 2017. All the annual net drifts in the four regions were negative and the local drifts were below zero. The longitudinal age curves of CVD mortality attributable to smoking increased in four regions, with China having the largest increase. The period or cohort RRs indicated a decline, and China had the smallest decline. The researchers further analyzed the IHD and stroke trends, finding that the morality and period or cohort RR of IHD in China was always at a high level.Conclusions CVD mortality attributable to TE declined in four regions, and was highest in China. The proportion of IHD mortality attributable to TE was similar to stroke, which significantly changed the traditional cognition of CVD composition, but the control measure was not sufficient for IHD in China.

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The Trend and Age-Period-Cohort Analysis on the Burden of Cardiovascular Disease attributable to Tobacco Exposure in China, Japan, USA and World

10.21203/rs.2.15226/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Wenying Wu ◽

Bo Zhu ◽

Shuang Xu ◽

Yong Liu ◽

Yifei Bi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Secondhand Smoke ◽

Smoking Prevalence ◽

Cohort Analysis ◽

Temporal Trends ◽

Age Groups ◽

Control Measures ◽

Mortality Data ◽

Tobacco Exposure ◽

Significant Downward Trend ◽

Cvd Mortality

Abstract Background Tobacco exposure is the major contributor of CVD mortality, but none of the published studies on CVD mortality attributable to tobacco exposure analyzed the possible reasons underlying the long-term trends and the differences between age-groups in China.Methods The mortality data in China, Japan, USA and World were obtained from GBD 2017. The joinpoint regression analysis was used to assess the magnitude and direction of trends over time for CVD morality, and the age-period-cohort method was used to analyze the temporal trends of CVD mortality by age, period, and cohort. The smoking prevalence was acquired from WHO.Results There was a significant downward trend in ASMR of CVD attributable to smoking in four regions, but China has the smallest decline and the ASMR of CVD attributable to smoking in China rose to the first place in 2017 (41.41 per 100,000). All the net drifts per year in four regions were negative, and the local drift values were below zero in all age groups. The longitudinal age curves of the CVD mortality attributable to smoking increased in four regions and China had the largest increase. The period/cohort RRs indicated a decline, and China has the smallest decline. All the cohort/period RRs and net drifts per year in female had more quickly declining trends than that in male. All the results of secondhand smoke were similar to that of smoking. For Stroke and IHD, their results were similar to those of CVD.Conclusions Although CVD mortality attributable to tobacco exposure had declined in four regions, CVD mortality attributable to tobacco exposure in China was at a high level, and the high CVD mortality attributable to secondhand smoke caused by high smoking prevalence. China should strengthen tobacco control measures to reduce the burden of CVD.

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The Trend and Age-Period-Cohort Analysis on the Burden of Cardiovascular Disease attributable to Tobacco Exposure in China, Japan, USA and World

10.21203/rs.2.15226/v2 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Wenying Wu ◽

Bo Zhu ◽

Shuang Xu ◽

Yong Liu ◽

Yifei Bi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Secondhand Smoke ◽

Smoking Prevalence ◽

Cohort Analysis ◽

Temporal Trends ◽

Age Groups ◽

Control Measures ◽

Mortality Data ◽

Tobacco Exposure ◽

Significant Downward Trend ◽

Cvd Mortality

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Assessing excess mortality in times of pandemics based on principal component analysis of weekly mortality data—the case of COVID-19

Genus ◽

10.1186/s41118-021-00123-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 77 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Patrizio Vanella ◽

Ugofilippo Basellini ◽

Berit Lange

Keyword(s):

Excess Mortality ◽

Principal Component ◽

Mortality Data ◽

Novel Approach ◽

Proposed Model ◽

Considerable Excess ◽

Show Evidence ◽

Long Term Trends ◽

Trends Over Time ◽

Age And Sex

AbstractThe COVID-19 outbreak has called for renewed attention to the need for sound statistical analyses to monitor mortality patterns and trends over time. Excess mortality has been suggested as the most appropriate indicator to measure the overall burden of the pandemic in terms of mortality. As such, excess mortality has received considerable interest since the outbreak of COVID-19 began.Previous approaches to estimate excess mortality are somewhat limited, as they do not include sufficiently long-term trends, correlations among different demographic and geographic groups, or autocorrelations in the mortality time series. This might lead to biased estimates of excess mortality, as random mortality fluctuations may be misinterpreted as excess mortality.We propose a novel approach that overcomes the named limitations and draws a more realistic picture of excess mortality. Our approach is based on an established forecasting model that is used in demography, namely, the Lee-Carter model. We illustrate our approach by using the weekly age- and sex-specific mortality data for 19 countries and the current COVID-19 pandemic as a case study. Our findings show evidence of considerable excess mortality during 2020 in Europe, which affects different countries, age, and sex groups heterogeneously. Our proposed model can be applied to future pandemics as well as to monitor excess mortality from specific causes of death.

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Temporal Trends in the Incidence and Mortality of Skin Malignant Melanoma in China from 1990 to 2019

Journal of Oncology ◽

10.1155/2021/9989824 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Ruhai Bai ◽

Hui Huang ◽

Minmin Li ◽

Meng Chu

Keyword(s):

Malignant Melanoma ◽

Mortality Rate ◽

Incidence Rate ◽

Temporal Trends ◽

The Elderly ◽

Mortality Data ◽

Crude Mortality Rate ◽

Incidence And Mortality ◽

Long Term Trends ◽

Disease Study

Purpose. Skin malignant melanoma (SMM) is one of the fastest-growing cancers in China, with a poor prognosis, high invasiveness, and high mortality rate. The aim of this study was to determine the long-term trends in the incidence and mortality of SMM in China between 1990 and 2019. Patients and Methods. Incidence and mortality data were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 and were analyzed using an age-period-cohort framework. Results. The annual incidence net drifts were 3.523% (95% confidence interval (CI): 3.318% to 3.728%) and 3.779% (95% CI: 3.585% to 3.974%) for males and females, respectively, while the corresponding annual net drifts of mortality were −0.754% (95% CI: −1.073% to −0.435%) and –0.826% (95% CI: −1.164% to −0.487%). The local drift from 1990 to 2019 was highest in males aged from 25 to 29 years. After controlling for period deviations in a single birth cohort, the SMM incidence and mortality increased exponentially with age for both sexes. Similar increasing monotonic trends were found for period and cohort effects on the incidence, while a declining trend was found for mortality. Conclusion. While the age-standardized mortality rate of SMM in China has decreased in both sexes over the past 30 years, the crude incidence rate, age-standardized incidence rate, and crude mortality rate have all increased. SMM may greatly threaten the health of the elderly in China due to the aging population. Appropriate changes should be made to raise the awareness, reduce the exposure to risk factors, and promote the early detection of SMM.

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Temporal trends in tolvaptan use after revision of national heart failure guidelines in Japan

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-98173-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Yusuke Yamazaki ◽

Yasuyuki Shiraishi ◽

Shun Kohsaka ◽

Yuji Nagatomo ◽

Keiichi Fukuda ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heart Failure ◽

Clinical Practice ◽

Mortality Rate ◽

Risk Score ◽

Temporal Trends ◽

National Guidelines ◽

Hospital Outcomes ◽

Trends Over Time ◽

Multicenter Registry ◽

Over Time

AbstractWithin no definite diuretic protocol for acute heart failure (AHF) patients and its variation in regional clinical guidelines, the latest national guidelines in Japan commends use of tolvaptan in diuretic-resistant patients. This study aimed to examine trends in tolvaptan usage and associated outcomes of AHF patients requiring hospitalization. Between April, 2018 and October, 2019, 1343 consecutive AHF patients (median 78 [69–85] year-old) were enrolled in a prospective, multicenter registry in Japan. Trends over time in tolvaptan usage, along with the severity of heart failure status based on the Get With The Guideline-Heart Failure [GWTG-HF] risk score, and in-hospital outcomes were investigated. During the study period, tolvaptan usage has increased from 13.0 to 28.7% over time (p for trend = 0.07), and 49.4% started tolvaptan within 3 days after admission. The GWTG-HF risk score in the tolvaptan group has significantly decreased over time, while that in the non-tolvaptan group has unchanged. There were no differences in the in-hospital mortality rate between the patients with and without tolvaptan (6.7% vs. 5.8%). After revision of the Japanese clinical practice guidelines for AHF in March 2018, tolvaptan usage for AHF patients has steadily increased. However, in-hospital outcomes including mortality do not seem to be affected.

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Abstract MP86: The Joint Effect of Outdoor Recreational Activity and 25-Hydroxyvitamin D on Cardiovascular Mortality in THE NHANES III Population

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.127.suppl_12.amp86 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 127 (suppl_12) ◽

Author(s):

Macarius Donneyong ◽

Carlton A Hornung

Keyword(s):

Elevated Risk ◽

Physical Activities ◽

Mortality Data ◽

Nhanes Iii ◽

Additive Interaction ◽

Joint Effects ◽

The Past ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Cvd Mortality

Purpose Recreational physical activity (PA) reduces the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality. Outdoor-based recreational physical activities (ORA) have been reported to be associated with elevated 25(OH)D levels. We investigate the joint effects of frequent ORA and 25(OH)D levels on the risk of CVD mortality and the modifying effects of 25(OH)D. Methods Our sample consisted of 13,031 nationally representative adults (20 - 90 years old) free from CVD and cancer at baseline in the NHANES III (1988 - 1994) linked mortality dataset with follow-up mortality data through 2006. CVD mortality was based on reported deaths with corresponding ICD-10 codes for CVD as underlying cause of death. ORA was defined as self-reported participation in recreational physical activities considered to have occurred outdoors in the past month. Time to CVD mortality was estimated from multivariable adjusted Cox proportional hazards (CPH) models. A joint effects model was used in estimating multiplicative and additive interaction between ORA and 25(OH)D. Results A crude unweighted CVD mortality rate of 7.4% (964/13,031) occurred during a median follow-up of 14.33 years. Frequency of ORA <5 in the past month (HR=1.38, 95%CI:1.09 - 1.75) and 25(OH)D <30 ng/mL (HR=1.28, 95%CI:1.01 - 1.60) were associated with increased risk of CVD mortality compared to ORA ≥5 and 25(OH)D ≥30 ng/mL respectively, in a multivariable adjusted CPH model. In the joint effects model, frequency of ORA <5 and 25(OH)D <30 ng/mL (HR=1.81, 95%CI:1.05 - 3.10) and frequency of ORA <5 and 25(OH)D ≥30 ng/mL (HR=1.33, 95%CI:1.02 - 1.73) were associated with elevated risk of CVD mortality compared to the joint effects of ORA ≥5 and 25(OH)D ≥30 ng/mL. The joint effects model indicated the presence of multiplicative interaction. The synergy index, 1.52 (95%CI:0.31 - 7.41) suggested presence of additive interaction even though not statistically significant. Conclusion Lower frequency of ORA and serum 25(OH)D levels were jointly associated with elevated risk of CVD mortality. Serum 25(OH)D modified the risk of CVD mortality associated with lower frequency of outdoor-based recreational activities.

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Trends in Digital Replantation: 10 Years of Experience at a Large Canadian Tertiary Care Center

Plastic Surgery ◽

10.1177/2292550320925914 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 229255032092591

Author(s):

Ogi Solaja ◽

Helene Retrouvey ◽

Heather Baltzer

Keyword(s):

Care Center ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Temporal Trends ◽

Workplace Safety ◽

Injury Characteristics ◽

Number Of Patients ◽

Significant Downward Trend ◽

Revascularization Procedures ◽

American Authors ◽

Digital Replantation

Background: Since 1965, the practice of digital replantation has seen great technical strides and become commonplace worldwide. However, some American authors have recently reported declining rates of replantation. We set out to characterize the patient population and describe treatment patterns from 2005 to 2016 at a large Canadian regional replantation center. Methods: A retrospective cohort of all patients undergoing digital replantation and revascularization from 2005 to 2016 was identified. Data were collected on demographics, injuries, procedures, and outcomes. Descriptive statistics were performed, followed by a comparison of two 5-year periods to evaluate temporal trends. Results: A total of 234 patients were treated with 146 replantation and 204 revascularization procedures. Patients were largely male, healthy, and worked as manual labourers. Overall, the failure rate of individual repairs was 28.7%. Over time, there was a trend toward more crush or avulsion and multidigit injuries, and surgeries performed after 2011 were significantly longer. There was a significant downward trend in the number of patients treated at our center each year. Additionally, there was a statistically significant decrease in the proportion of replanted to revised digits in multidigit cases. Discussion: Our observation of declining replantation rates is in line with recent American observations. The reason for this is not obvious but may represent a change in injury characteristics or surgeon attitudes. Conclusion: We suspect that these changes represent a change in workplace safety and injury characteristics, but further studies are needed to assess patient and surgeon treatment decisions.

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Lifestyle Risk Factors and All-Cause and Cardiovascular Disease Mortality: Data from the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph16173040 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 16 (17) ◽

pp. 3040 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Inhwan Lee ◽

Shinuk Kim ◽

Hyunsik Kang

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Physical Inactivity ◽

Mortality Data ◽

Lifestyle Risk Factors ◽

Disease Mortality ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Lifestyle Risk ◽

Cvd Mortality

This study examined the association between lifestyle risk factors and all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality in 9945 Korea adults (56% women) aged 45 years and older. Smoking, heavy alcohol intake, underweight or obesity, physical inactivity, and unintentional weight loss (UWL) were included as risk factors. During 9.6 ± 2.0 years of follow-up, there were a total of 1530 cases of death from all causes, of which 365 cases were from CVD. Compared to a zero risk factor (hazard ratio, HR = 1), the crude HR of all-cause mortality was 1.864 (95% CI, 1.509–2.303) for one risk factor, 2.487 (95% confidence interval, CI, 2.013–3.072) for two risk factors, and 3.524 (95% CI, 2.803–4.432) for three or more risk factors. Compared to a zero risk factor (HR = 1), the crude HR of CVD mortality was 2.566 (95% CI, 1.550–4.250) for one risk factor, 3.655 (95% CI, 2.211–6.043) for two risk factor, and 5.416 (95% CI, 3.185–9.208) for three or more risk factors. The HRs for all-cause and CVD mortality remained significant even after adjustments for measured covariates. The current findings showed that five lifestyle risk factors, including smoking, at-risk alcohol consumption, underweight/obesity, physical inactivity, and UWL, were significantly associated with an increased risk of all-cause and CVD mortality in Korean adults.

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