The prevalence and associated factors of common mental disorders among residents of south Gondar zone, northwest Ethiopia: A community-based, cross-sectional study

Abstract Background: Common mental disorders such as depression, anxiety and somatic symptoms are a public health concern. It has physical health, psychological and economic consequences. These illness is an emerging issue in Ethiopia.Therefore, this study aimed to assess the prevalence of common mental disorders and associated factors among residents of south Gondar zone 2018.Methods: In this cross-sectional study,731 respondents were recruited for interrviews using a systematic random sampling technique.The self reporting questionnaire was used to assess common mental disorders. List of Threatening Experiences, and the Oslo social support instruments were used to assess the factors. We computed bivariate and multivariable binary logistic regressions to assess factors associated with common mental disorders. Statistical significance was declared at P-value <0.05.Result: A total of 731 participants were interviewed, with a response rate of 98.5%. The prevalence of common mental disorders was 29.7% with (95% CI: 26.4-33.1).In the multivariate logistic regression,female sex (adjusted odds ratio (AOR)= 2.47, 95% CI : 1.68, 3.62),poor social support( AOR =2.34, 95% CI:1.50, 3.64), family history of mental illness(AOR =2.15, 95% CI:1.32-3.51), current use of khat(AOR =1.69, 95% CI: 1 .07, 2.64) and tobacco(AOR=1.71, 95% CI:1.04-2.84), and rural residence(AOR=2.01, 95% CI: 1.35, 3.01) were factors significantly associated with CMDs.Conclusion and recommendations: The prevalence of common mental disorders was found to be high. Female sex, current substance use (khat chewing (leaves) and tobacco smoking), unemployment, rural residence, family history mental illness, and poor social support were significantly associated with common mental disorder. Therefore; It is necessary to give emphasis to individuals with family history of mental illness, women, and history of mental illness.

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Interaction between demand-control and social support in the occurrence of common mental disorders

Revista de Saúde Pública ◽

10.1590/s1518-8787.2017051006446 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 51 (0) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Amália Ivine Santana Mattos ◽

Tânia Maria de Araújo ◽

Maura Maria Guimarães de Almeida

Keyword(s):

Social Support ◽

Mental Disorders ◽

Health Workers ◽

Common Mental Disorders ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

High Demand ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

High Social Support ◽

The Common ◽

Demand Control

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To analyze the interaction between the psychosocial aspects of work and the occurrence of common mental disorders among health workers. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study conducted with a representative sample of workers of the primary health care of five municipalities of the State of Bahia, Brazil, in 2012. The variable of outcome were the common mental disorders evaluated by the SRQ-20, and the variables of exposure were high demand (high psychological demand and low control over the work) and low social support in the workplace. Interaction was checked by the deviation of the additivity of the effects for the factors studied from the calculation of excess risk from interaction, proportion of cases attributed to interaction, and the synergy index. RESULTS The global prevalence of common mental disorders was 21%. The group of combined exposure has shown higher magnitude (high demand and low social support), reaching 28% when compared to the 17% in the situation of no exposure (low demand and high social support). CONCLUSIONS The results strengthen the hypothesis of interaction between the factors investigated, directing to the synergy of the effects.

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Prevalence and Associated Factors of Depression among Prisoners in Jimma Town Prison, South West Ethiopia

Psychiatry Journal ◽

10.1155/2018/5762608 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Zakir Abdu ◽

Teshome Kabeta ◽

Lamessa Dube ◽

Workinesh Tessema ◽

Mubarek Abera

Keyword(s):

Social Support ◽

Mental Illness ◽

Family History ◽

Alcohol Use ◽

Associated Factors ◽

Chronic Physical Illness ◽

Prevalence Of Depression ◽

Poor Social Support ◽

History Of ◽

Jimma Town

Background. Mental disorder is one of the greatest challenges that current and future generations will face. Currently among all people suffering from depression, 85% of them live in low- and middle-income countries. Previous studies reported the global burden/prevalence of depression to be five to ten times higher among prisoners than the general population. However, the prevalence of depression among prisoners in our study area is not known. Objective. This study therefore aimed to assess the prevalence and associated factors of depression among prisoners in Jimma town in 2017. Method. A cross-sectional study design was employed on 332 prisoners selected by systematic random sampling method. Data was collected by a face to face interview using Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) scale. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 20. Result. The study revealed that 41.9% (n=139) of participants among prisoners had depression. Having family history of mental illness (AOR = 6.05, 95% CI = 2.6, 13.8), having chronic physical illness (AOR = 2.87, 95% CI = 1.29, 6.41), having history of previous incarceration (AOR = 3.26, 95% CI = 1.02, 10.64), lack of job in the prison (AOR = 4.96, 95% CI = 2.09, 11.8), lifetime alcohol use (AOR = 3.61, 95% CI = 1.8, 7.26), thinking life to be a difficult one after release from prison (AOR = 2.07, 95% CI = 1.2, 3.6), having age between 21 and 25 years (AOR = 2.04, 95% CI = 1.06, 3.89), and having poor social support (AOR = 2.2, 95% CI = 1.27, 3.82) had significant association with depression in the fully adjusted final regression model. Conclusion. This study has shown that the prevalence of depression among prisoners was very high. Having family history of mental illness, having chronic physical illness, having previous incarceration, lack of job in prison, lifetime alcohol use, thinking life to be difficult one after release from prison, having age between 21 and 25 years old, and having poor social support were found to have an impact on the prevalence of depression.

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Common Mental Disorders Among Informal Primary Caregivers of Adults With Mental Illness During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Epidemic in Eastern Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study

Frontiers in Psychiatry ◽

10.3389/fpsyt.2021.676379 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Tilahun Abdeta ◽

Defaru Desalegn

Keyword(s):

Bipolar Disorder ◽

Mental Illness ◽

Mental Disorders ◽

Study Design ◽

Common Mental Disorders ◽

Primary Caregivers ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Adults With Mental Illness

Background: Coronaviruses (CoVs) are emerging respiratory viruses and cause illnesses ranging from the common cold to severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). Informal primary caregivers of individuals with mental illness were special populations suffering from both the burden of caring for mentally ill individuals and the danger of the Coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) epidemic.Objective: The objective of the study was to assess the prevalence and associated factors of common mental disorders (CMDs) among the informal primary caregivers of adults with mental illness during the Covid-19 epidemic.Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study design was conducted from July 1 to 30, 2020. A systematic random sampling technique was used to get samples of informal primary caregivers. Data were analyzed by bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis. In the final model, variables having a p-value < 0.05 were declared as associated with CMDs.Result: Out of a total of 218 informal primary caregivers, 215 responded to this study. The prevalence of CMDs was 40.5% [95% confidence interval (CI) = 36.66, 44.3%] among informal primary caregivers. Being female informal primary caregivers [adjusted odds ratios (AOR) 1.98, 95% CI = 1.05, 3.76], being student informal primary caregivers (AOR 5.8, 95% CI: 1.2, 28.4), caring patients with psychosis (AOR 3.33, 95% CI: 1.12, 9.92) and caring patients with bipolar disorder (AOR 3.12, 95% CI: 1.35, 7.23) were significantly associated with CMDs.Conclusion: Our study cannot show the causal relationship due to its cross-sectional study design nature. However, this study showed relatively higher prevalence of CMDs among informal primary caregivers of adults with any mental illness during the Covid-19 epidemics relative to pre-Covid-19 times. Being a female caregiver, being a student caregiver, and caring for adults with psychosis and bipolar disorder were factors associated with CMDs. Attention should be given, and essential psychosocial care should be provided, to maintain the mental health of informal primary caregivers of individuals with mental illness especially during the Covid-19 pandemic.

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Prevalence of perceived stigma and associated factors among primary caregivers of children and adolescents with mental illness, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: Cross-sectional study

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0261297 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (12) ◽

pp. e0261297

Author(s):

Woredaw Minichil ◽

Wondale Getinet ◽

Tilahun Kassew

Keyword(s):

Social Support ◽

Mental Illness ◽

Children And Adolescents ◽

Addis Ababa ◽

Primary Caregivers ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Perceived Stigma ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Medical College ◽

Poor Social Support

Background Mental illness exposes persons to stigma and this stigma also affects family caregivers of persons with mental illness. The objective of the study was to assess the prevalence of perceived stigma and associated factors among primary caregivers of children and adolescents with mental illness, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods A cross-sectional study design and systematic random sampling technique were used to recruit 408 participants at St. Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College and Yekatit-12 Hospital Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. We collected the data by face-to-face interview. Devaluation of Consumer Families Scale was used to measure perceived stigma. Patient Health Questionnaire-9 and Oslo-3 social support scale were the instruments used to assess the factors. Coded variables were entered into Epidata V.3.1 and exported to SPSS V.21 for analysis. Binary logistic regression was used for analysis. Result A total of 408 participants were interviewed, with a response rate of 96.5%. The magnitude of perceived stigma was 38.5% with 95% CI (33.6-43.1). Majority (68.6%) of the respondents were female. In the multivariate logistic regression, being mother (AOR = 2.8, 95% CI: 1.59, 4.91), absence of other caregiver (AOR = 2.0, 95% CI: 1.15, 3.49), poor social support (AOR = 3.9, 95% CI: 1.59, 6.13), and symptoms of depression (AOR = 2.9, 95% CI: 1.88, 3.65) were factors significantly associated with perceived stigma. Conclusion The prevalence of perceived stigma among primary caregivers of children and adolescents with mental illness was high. Being mother, absence of other caregiver, poor social support, and symptoms of depression were factors significantly associated with perceived stigma.

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Magnitude of internalised stigma and associated factors among people with bipolar disorder at Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2020-044824 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. e044824

Author(s):

Shegaye Shumet ◽

Bethlehem W/Michele ◽

Dessie Angaw ◽

Temesgen Ergete ◽

Nigus Alemnew

Keyword(s):

Social Support ◽

Bipolar Disorder ◽

Associated Factors ◽

Addis Ababa ◽

Self Esteem ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Specialized Hospital ◽

Poor Social Support

ObjectivesTo assess the magnitude of internalised stigma and associated factors among patients with bipolar disorder attending the outpatient department of Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.DesignInstitution-based cross-sectional study design.SettingAmanuel Mental Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.ParticipantsWe recruited about 418 participants using systematic sampling technique for an interview during the study period.MeasurementData were collected by face-to-face interviews. Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness scale was used to measure internalised stigma. The Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale and the Oslo-3 Social Support were instruments used to assess the associated factors. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions were performed to identify factors associated with the outcome variable. ORs with 95% CI were computed to determine the level of significance.ResultsThe magnitude of internalised stigma was 24.9% (95% CI: 21.2% to 28.9%). In the multivariate analysis, unemployed (adjusted OR (AOR)=2.3, 95% CI: 1.0 to 5.0), unable to read and write (AOR=3.3, 95% CI: 1.05 to 10.7), poor social support (AOR=5.3, 95% CI: 1.9 to 15.0), ≥4 previous hospitalisations due to bipolar disorder (AOR=2.6, 95% CI: 1.1 to 6.1) and low self-esteem (AOR=2.4, 95% CI: 1.1 to 5.1) had a significant association with internalised stigma.ConclusionsOne in four patients with bipolar disorder reported high internalised stigma. Unemployment, low educational status, low self-esteem, poor social support and being hospitalised more than three times before were significantly associated with internalised stigma. Thus, a stigma-reduction programme focusing on self-esteem improvement and psychological health of patients to increase their stigma resistance to counteracting effects of internalised stigma is essential.

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Symptoms of common mental disorders and adherence to antiretroviral therapy among adults living with HIV in rural Zimbabwe: a cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2021-049824 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (7) ◽

pp. e049824

Author(s):

Andreas D Haas ◽

Cordelia Kunzekwenyika ◽

Stefanie Hossmann ◽

Josphat Manzero ◽

Janneke van Dijk ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antiretroviral Therapy ◽

Suicidal Ideation ◽

Mental Disorders ◽

Common Mental Disorders ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

People Living With Hiv ◽

Art Adherence ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Living With Hiv

ObjectivesTo examine the proportion of people living with HIV who screen positive for common mental disorders (CMD) and the associations between CMD and self-reported adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART).SettingSixteen government-funded health facilities in the rural Bikita district of Zimbabwe.DesignCross-sectional study.ParticipantsHIV-positive non-pregnant adults, aged 18 years or older, who lived in Bikita district and had received ART for at least 6 months.Outcome measuresThe primary outcome was the proportion of participants screening positive for CMD defined as a Shona Symptoms Questionnaire score of 9 or greater. Secondary outcomes were the proportion of participants reporting suicidal ideation, perceptual symptoms and suboptimal ART adherence and adjusted prevalence ratios (aPR) for factors associated with CMD, suicidal ideation, perceptual symptoms and suboptimal ART adherence.ResultsOut of 3480 adults, 18.8% (95% CI 14.8% to 23.7%) screened positive for CMD, 2.7% (95% CI 1.5% to 4.7%) reported suicidal ideations, and 1.5% (95% CI 0.9% to 2.6%) reported perceptual symptoms. Positive CMD screens were more common in women (aPR 1.67, 95% CI 1.19 to 2.35) than in men and were more common in adults aged 40–49 years (aPR 1.47, 95% CI 1.16 to 1.85) or aged 50–59 years (aPR 1.51, 95% CI 1.05 to 2.17) than in those 60 years or older. Positive CMD screen was associated with suboptimal adherence (aPR 1.53; 95% CI 1.37 to 1.70).ConclusionsA substantial proportion of people living with HIV in rural Zimbabwe are affected by CMD. There is a need to integrate mental health services and HIV programmes in rural Zimbabwe.Trial registration numberNCT03704805.

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Subjective cognitive complaints at age 70: associations with amyloid and mental health

Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry ◽

10.1136/jnnp-2020-325620 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. jnnp-2020-325620

Author(s):

Ivanna M. Pavisic ◽

Kirsty Lu ◽

Sarah E. Keuss ◽

Sarah-Naomi James ◽

Christopher A. Lane ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Family History ◽

Trait Anxiety ◽

Population Based ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Subjective Cognitive Decline ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Amyloid Pathology ◽

History Of ◽

Β Amyloid ◽

Anxiety Depression

ObjectiveTo investigate subjective cognitive decline (SCD) in relation to β-amyloid pathology and to test for associations with anxiety, depression, objective cognition and family history of dementia in the Insight 46 study.MethodsCognitively unimpaired ~70-year-old participants, all born in the same week in 1946 (n=460, 49% female, 18% amyloid-positive), underwent assessments including the SCD-Questionnaire (MyCog). MyCog scores were evaluated with respect to 18F-Florbetapir-PET amyloid status (positive/negative). Associations with anxiety, depression, objective cognition (measured by the Preclinical Alzheimer Cognitive Composite, PACC) and family history of dementia were also investigated. The informant’s perspective on SCD was evaluated in relation to MyCog score.ResultsAnxiety (mean (SD) trait anxiety score: 4.4 (3.9)) was associated with higher MyCog scores, especially in women. MyCog scores were higher in amyloid-positive compared with amyloid-negative individuals (adjusted means (95% CIs): 5.3 (4.4 to 6.1) vs 4.3 (3.9 to 4.7), p=0.044), after accounting for differences in anxiety. PACC (mean (SD) −0.05 (0.68)) and family history of dementia (prevalence: 23.9%) were not independently associated with MyCog scores. The informant’s perception of SCD was generally in accordance with that of the participant.ConclusionsThis cross-sectional study demonstrates that symptoms of SCD are associated with both β-amyloid pathology, and more consistently, trait anxiety in a population-based cohort of older adults, at an age when those who are destined to develop dementia are still likely to be some years away from symptoms. This highlights the necessity of considering anxiety symptoms when assessing Alzheimer’s disease pathology and SCD.

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Differential expression of micro RNA-29 family in non-diabetic adults of diabetic and non-diabetic parents

BMC Research Notes ◽

10.1186/s13104-021-05703-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Uzair Abbas ◽

Bushra Imdad ◽

Sikander Adil Mughal ◽

Israr Ahmed Baloch ◽

Afshan Mehboob Khan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Family History ◽

Positive Family History ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Vital Role ◽

Micro Rna ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Family History Of Diabetes ◽

History Of

Abstract Objective MicroRNAs are known to regulate 60% of genes at post translational level. MicroRNAs including Micro RNA-29 family play a vital role in cellular activities and have validate role in numerous metabolic disorders inclusive of diabetes mellitus and its complications. While micro RNA profile changes years before the occurrence of disease. This cross-sectional study was conducted in non-diabetic adults of diabetic and non-diabetic parents to explore the early changes in expression of micro RNA-29 family as it can be served as early biomarker of type 2 diabetes in non-diabetic adults. This study was conducted from January 2019 to January 2021. Micro RNA was extracted from plasma of 50 participants and expression was compared through qPCR. While data was analyzed through SPSS version 21.0. Results 29a and 29b had lower expression in participants with family history of DM compared to those having no family history of DM (P < 0.0001). While micro RNA 29c was found to be significantly higher in participants with positive family history of type 2 diabetes as compared to those without family history of diabetes (P = 0.001).

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Impact of family history of metabolic traits on severity of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis related cirrhosis: A cross-sectional study

Liver International ◽

10.1111/liv.13396 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 37 (9) ◽

pp. 1397-1404 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Ajeet S. Bhadoria ◽

Chandan K. Kedarisetty ◽

Chhagan Bihari ◽

Guresh Kumar ◽

Ankur Jindal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Family History ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Metabolic Traits ◽

Alcoholic Steatohepatitis ◽

History Of

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High Rate of Obesity-Associated Hypertension among Primary Schoolchildren in Sudan

International Journal of Hypertension ◽

10.4061/2011/629492 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 2011 ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Zeena Salman ◽

Gregory D. Kirk ◽

Mark D. DeBoer

Keyword(s):

Family History ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

High Rate ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Primary Schoolchildren ◽

History Of ◽

Family History Of Hypertension

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) frequently has roots in childhood, including following childhood-onset hypertension. Incidence of CVD has increased in developing countries in East Africa during recent urbanization. Effects of these shifts on childhood hypertension are unclear. Our objectives were to (1) Determine the prevalence of hypertension among primary schoolchildren in Khartoum, Sudan; (2) Determine whether hypertension in this setting is associated with obesity. We performed a cross sectional study of 6-12y children from two schools randomly selected in Khartoum, Sudan. Height, weight, BMI, BP and family history of hypertension were assessed. Age-, height- and gender-specific BP curves were used to determine pre-hypertension (90–95%) and hypertension (>95%). Of 304 children, 45 (14.8%) were overweight; 32 (10.5%) were obese; 15 (4.9%) were pre-hypertensive and 15 (4.9%) were hypertensive. Obesity but not family history of hypertension was associated with current hypertension. In multiple logistic regression, adjusting for family history, children who were obese had a relative-risk of 14.7 (CI 2.45-88.2) for systolic hypertension compared to normal-weight children. We conclude that overweight and obesity are highly prevalent among primary schoolchildren in urban Sudan and are strongly associated with hypertension. That obesity-associated cardiovascular sequelae exist in the developing world at young ages may be a harbinger of future CVD in sub-Saharan Africa.

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