The Participation Of Private Healthcare Facilities In Pharmacovigilance Activities: A Case Study In Tanzania Mainland

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
BETTY MAGANDA ◽  
Godeliver A Kagashe ◽  
Honorata Chagula ◽  
Vitalis B Mbuya ◽  
Kisa Mwamwitwa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medication Errors ◽  
Health Care Cost ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Weak Supervision ◽  
Healthcare Facilities ◽  
Private Healthcare ◽  
Pharmacovigilance Center ◽  
Regulatory Bodies

Abstract Background: Poor quality products, adverse drug reactions (ADRs) and medication errors (ME) are reported to negatively influence health care cost, patients’ treatment outcomes and quality of life. One way which can help in detection and prevention of their occurrence is through spontaneous reporting of these effects/events to the regulatory bodies. Despite the efforts done by regulatory bodies in different countries including Tanzania, the rate of reporting has remained low. This study therefore, assessed the participation of private healthcare facilities in pharmacovigilance (PV) activities in Tanzania Mainland. Methods: A descriptive cross sectional study was conducted in selected regions in Tanzania from December 2017 to June 2018. A total of 169 healthcare facilities and 192 healthcare professionals were involved. Data was collected using questionnaires and standard checklist. Results: Only (17%) of the respondents had good knowledge on PV activities and only (29.7%) of the participants had attended training on PV. Over 50% of respondents were not aware that PV activities reports are to be sent to a National pharmacovigilance center. Majority (89.7%) of the healthcare facilities assessed had no system for monitoring and reporting PV activities. About (55.7%) of the respondents said that they had observed ADRs in patients while (27.6%) had detected poor quality products and (51.1%) spotted medication errors in their practice, but none of them sent a report to the National pharmacovigilance center. Lack of PV tools (60.9%), poor knowledge on reporting procedures (69.8%) and lack of feedback and weak supervision from Tanzania Medicines and Medical Devices Authority (TMDA (93.3%) and (9.4%), respectively were the major obstacles for carrying out PV activities. Of the 47 respondents whereas, their healthcare facilities had systems for monitoring and reporting PV activities had a view that attending more training (74.5%), increase availability of PV tools (10.6%), frequent supervision from TMDA (12.8%), and inclusion of PV training in undergraduate and postgraduate training curricula (2.1%) may improve involvement in pharmacovigilance activities Conclusions: Majority of private healthcare facilities participated poorly in PV activities, because of lack of pharmacovigilance training, knowledge on reporting and unavailability of systems and tools for monitoring and reporting on pharmacovigilance activities.

scholarly journals Infection control practices and challenges in Pakistan during the COVID-19 pandemic: a multicentre cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
pp. 175717742110127
Author(s):  
Salma Abbas ◽  
Faisal Sultan
Keyword(s):  
Personal Protective Equipment ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Infection Prevention ◽  
Hospital Staff ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Infection Prevention And Control ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Healthcare Facilities ◽  
And Control

Background: Patient and staff safety at healthcare facilities during outbreaks hinges on a prompt infection prevention and control response. Physicians leading these programmes have encountered numerous obstacles during the pandemic. Aim/objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate infection prevention and control practices and explore the challenges in Pakistan during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study and administered a survey to physicians leading infection prevention and control programmes at 18 hospitals in Pakistan. Results: All participants implemented universal masking, limited the intake of patients and designated separate triage areas, wards and intensive care units for coronavirus disease 2019 patients at their hospitals. Eleven (61%) physicians reported personal protective equipment shortages. Staff at three (17%) hospitals worked without the appropriate personal protective equipment due to limited supplies. All participants felt overworked and 17 (94%) reported stress. Physicians identified the lack of negative pressure rooms, fear and anxiety among hospital staff, rapidly evolving guidelines, personal protective equipment shortages and opposition from hospital staff regarding the choice of recommended personal protective equipment as major challenges during the pandemic. Discussion: The results of this study highlight the challenges faced by physicians leading infection prevention and control programmes in Pakistan. It is essential to support infection prevention and control personnel and bridge the identified gaps to ensure patient and staff safety at healthcare facilities.

scholarly journals Medication Errors in Adolescents Using Asthma Controller Medications

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 2333794X2098134
Author(s):  
Henry Clark ◽  
Delesha Carpenter ◽  
Kathleen Walsh ◽  
Scott A. Davis ◽  
Nacire Garcia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Record ◽  
Medication Errors ◽  
Medication Use ◽  
Persistent Asthma ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Asthma Medication ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Controller Medication ◽  
Controller Medications

The purpose of this study was to describe the number and types of errors that adolescents and caregivers report making when using asthma controller medications. A total of 319 adolescents ages 11 to 17 with persistent asthma and their caregivers participated in this cross-sectional study. Adolescent and caregiver reports of asthma medication use were compared to the prescribed directions in the medical record. An error was defined as discrepancies between reported use and the prescribed directions. About 38% of adolescents reported 1 error in using asthma controller medications, 16% reported 2 errors, and 5% reported 3 or more errors. About 42% of caregivers reported 1 error in adolescents using asthma controller medications, 14% reported 2 errors, while 6% reported 3 or more errors. The type of error most frequently reported by both was not taking the medication at all. Providers should ask open-ended questions of adolescents with asthma during visits so they can detect and educate families on how to overcome errors in taking controller medication use.

Assessing the Preparedness of Healthcare Facilities for Disasters and Emergencies in Damghan, Iran

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Behrad Pourmohammadi ◽  
Ahad Heydari ◽  
Farin Fatemi ◽  
Ali Modarresi
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Care Facilities ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Health Staff ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Healthcare Facilities ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Care Facilities ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Objectives: Iran is exposed to a wide range of natural and man-made hazards. Health-care facilities can play a significant role in providing life-saving measures in the minutes and hours immediately following the impact or exposure. The aim of this study was to determine the preparedness of health-care facilities in disasters and emergencies. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Damghan, Semnan Province, in 2019. The samples consisted of all the 11 health-care facilities located in Damghan County. A developed checklist was used to collect the data, including 272 questions in 4 sections: understanding threatening hazards, functional, structural, and nonstructural vulnerability of health-care facilities. The data were analyzed using SPSS 21. Results: The results revealed that the health-care facilities were exposed to 22 different natural and man-made hazards throughout the county. The total level of preparedness of the health-care centers under assessment was 45.8%. The average functional, structural, and nonstructural vulnerability was assessed at 49.3%, 31.6%, and 56.4%, respectively. Conclusions: Conducting mitigation measures is necessary for promoting the functional and structural preparedness. Disaster educational programs and exercises are recommended among the health staff in health-care facilities.

scholarly journals Predictors of poor-quality spirometry in two cohorts of older adults in Russia and Belgium: a cross-sectional study

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eralda Turkeshi ◽  
Dmitry Zelenukha ◽  
Bert Vaes ◽  
Elena Andreeva ◽  
Elena Frolova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

Baseline assessment of therapeutic injection practices in Pakistan in 2020: a cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
pp. 16-21
Author(s):  
Syed Sharaf Ali Shah ◽  
Safdar Pasha ◽  
Nikhat Iftikar ◽  
Altaf Ahmed Soomro ◽  
Nazia Farrukh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Facilities ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Injection Equipment ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Healthcare Facilities ◽  
The Public ◽  
Injection Safety

Objective: To assess the magnitude of the problem of injection safety in public and private health facilities in two districts of Sindh and Punjab provinces of Pakistan. Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted between October and December 2020 among public and private health facilities of two districts of Pakistan: Gujarat in Punjab and Larkana in Sindh provinces. A convenient sample size of 60 healthcare facilities (30 from each district) was taken due to time and resource constraint. Six data collection tools were used which included structured observations and interviews with injection prescribers and providers based on WHO Revised Tool C, which were finalised after piloting. Results: Reuse of injection equipment was not observed in any of the 60 health facilities. In exit interviews of 120 patients, it was found that 27 (22.5%) patients reported receiving an injection, while 11 (9.2%) were prescribed intravenous (IV) drips. More injections and drips were prescribed in the private sector (n=15; 25.0%) in comparison with the public sector (n=12; 20.0%). Slightly higher proportion of IV drips were prescribed by the private providers when compared to public sector healthcare providers: 6 (10.0%) vs 5 (8.3%) respectively. Most of the prescribers (n=58; 96.7%) reported that patients who attended public and private health facilities demanded injectable medicines. Used syringes and drips were noted to be visible in open containers and buckets for final disposal in 20 (33.3%) assessed health facilities. Continuou...

Improving Medication Safety Through the Use of Metrics

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-64
Author(s):  
Robert D. Beckett ◽  
Marina Yazdi ◽  
Laura J. Hanson ◽  
Ross W. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Medication Errors ◽  
Medication Safety ◽  
Adverse Drug Events ◽  
Safety Information ◽  
Medication Use ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Survey Instrument ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Safety Metrics

Purpose: Describe medication safety metrics used at University HealthSystem Consortium (UHC) institutions and recommend a meaningful way to report and communicate medication safety information across an organization. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using an electronically distributed, open-ended survey instrument. Results: Twenty percent of the UHC institutions responded to our survey. Seventy-seven percent of those institutions responding to our survey reported their organization has defined metrics to measure medication safety; an additional 21% of the institutions were still in the process of defining metrics. Of metrics that were reported, 33% were true medication safety metrics. Results are distributed to a wide variety of institutional venues. Conclusion: Institutions should take several actions related to medication safety including defining local metrics; building metrics addressing preventable adverse drug events, medication errors, and technology; and reporting results to a variety of venues in order to design specific interventions to improve local medication use.

scholarly journals Insomnia among medical students: a cross-sectional study

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 893
Author(s):  
Hassan Abdullah Shakeel ◽  
Hamza Maqsood ◽  
Asher Ishaq ◽  
Basit Ali ◽  
Humza Hussain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Athens Insomnia Scale ◽  
Falling Asleep ◽  
Quality Sleep ◽  
Waking Up ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors

Background: Insomnia, the most common sleep disorder, is the perception or complaint of inadequate or poor-quality sleep because of one or more of the following conditions: difficulty in falling asleep, frequent waking up during the night with difficulty for returning to sleep, waking up too early in the morning, or unrefreshing sleep. It is the most common sleep related complaint reported in the primary care setting. Medical students are specially at risk of developing insomnia and its consequences. This study evaluates the prevalence and severity of insomnia in medical students in relation to certain socio-demographic factors like age, sex and class of education.Methods: A questionnaire based study was done on 135 medical students of Nishtar Medical University, Multan chosen on basis of random sampling to test the prevalence of insomnia using Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS). Out of these students 75 were males and 60 were females. Students were interviewed to obtain information about age, sex and academic year of education.Results: According to Athens insomniac scale scoring, 55 (40.74%) students were found insomniac while 80 (59.25%) were non-insomniac. Out of 55 insomniac students, 23 (41.81%) were males while 32 (58.18%) were females. Likewise, out of 80 non-insomniac students, 52 (65%) were males while 28 (35%) were females. The prevalence of insomnia in medical students was found to be increased with the increasing age. It was found that the females have more insomnia prevalence as well as more severe signs and symptoms of insomnia. Moreover, final year students tend to show more prevalence and severity of insomnia than their juniors.Conclusions: According to this study, 2 out of every 5 students were insomniac. Demographic comparison showed that the prevalence and severity of insomnia was more in females and final year students. Also, it was increasing side by side with increasing age.

scholarly journals Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practice Related to COVID-19 Among Healthcare Workers in the United Arab Emirates: A Cross-sectional Study.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amina M. Al Marzouqi ◽  
Michael E. Otim ◽  
Heba H. Hijazi ◽  
Leena S. Kehail ◽  
Ramsha A. Kamal
Keyword(s):  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Healthcare Facilities ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Knowledge Attitudes And Practices

Abstract Objectives: The coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) outbreak is a global health pandemic that continues to have an impact on many aspects of everyday life. This study investigates the Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices (KAP) related to COVID-19 among healthcare workers in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Methods: This study uses a cross-sectional study design. The original data were collected using an online questionnaire distributed via a Google Forms link. Participants were healthcare workers currently working in the UAE healthcare facilities and recruited using snowball sampling. The questionnaire collected information on demographic variables and COVID-19-related knowledge, attitudes, and practice.Results: In total, the sample of 107 healthcare workers completed the survey. About 92% of the participants worked in public institutions, 87% were from Dubai, and 673% were female. The majority were aged 31–40 years (34.6%), and 43% were radiographers. 66.4% held bachelor’s degrees and Indian nationalities were (28%) and the Philippinos were (28%). Most (90.7%) participants knew the absence of fever did not mean that the virus could not transmit from an infected person, and 84.1% agreed that wearing general medical masks prevented one from contracting COVID-19. However, only 36.4% strongly believed that wearing a well-fitting face mask was effective. In addition, only 15.9% reported confidently managing patients with symptoms of COVID-19, and 54.2% reported that they were afraid of contracting the virus from patients. Almost half of the participants avoided patients who had symptoms of COVID-19. Conclusion: Overall, healthcare workers’ COVID-19-related knowledge, attitudes, and practices for healthcare workers in UAE healthcare facilities was very high. However, we found gaps in awareness regarding the spread of the pandemic. Our study recommends that providing healthcare workers with education programs and counseling services would help increase their confidence in treating patients with COVID-19.

scholarly journals AVALIAÇÃO DO CONSUMO ALIMENTAR E ESTADO NUTRICIONAL DE GRADUANDOS EM ENFERMAGEM

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-59
Author(s):  
Fabíola Pansani Maniglia ◽  
Daniele Mendonça Santos ◽  
Franciele Cristina Maria De Oliveira ◽  
Júlio César Ribeiro
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Students ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Undergraduate Nursing Students ◽  
Undergraduate Nursing ◽  
Fried Foods

A baixa qualidade da alimentação e o sedentarismo representam riscos para o acúmulo de gordura corporal e desenvolvimento de doenças já na juventude. O objetivo do estudo foi investigar o consumo alimentar e o estado nutricional de alunos do curso de Enfermagem por meio de atividade prática em uma disciplina curricular relacionada à nutrição. Trata-se de um estudo transversal feito com as informações obtidas durante o desenvolvimento de uma atividade da disciplina denominada “Aspectos nutricionais na assistência de enfermagem”, na qual participaram 76 estudantes maiores de 18 anos. As informações nutricionais foram obtidas por meio de entrevista em pares, registro de um padrão alimentar e aplicação de um Questionário de Frequência Alimentar. Os integrantes do estudo eram na maioria mulheres (80,3%) e a idade média da amostra foi de 25,3 ± 7,3 anos. Muitos indivíduos apresentaram ingestão hídrica insuficiente, a qual se correlacionou negativamente com o consumo de refrigerante (r= -0,254 p=0,029). 48,8% da amostra estava acima do peso corporal e 75% eram sedentários. O fracionamento alimentar foi considerado satisfatório, mas o consumo de frutas e hortaliças foi abaixo das recomendações (0,6±0,9; 1,7±1,2 porções). Houve alto consumo de açúcar e gordura, identificado por itens, como o refrigerante e alimentos fritos. Acredita-se que a disciplina relacionada à nutrição, presente na grade curricular do curso, possa servir como uma importante ferramenta de estímulo a melhores hábitos de vida, partindo de práticas alimentares mais adequadas.Palavras-chave: Consumo alimentar. Estado nutricional. Estudantes. EVALUATION OF FOOD CONSUMPTION AND NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF UNDERGRADUATE NURSING STUDENTS ABSTRACT: The poor quality of diet and the sedentary lifestyle increase the risk of body fat accumulation and the development of diseases as early as the youth. The objective of the study was to investigate the food consumption and the nutritional status of students of the Nursing course through practical activity in a curricular discipline related to nutrition. This is a cross-sectional study carried out with the information obtained during the development of an activity of the discipline called "Nutritional Aspects in Nursing Care", in which 76 students older than 18 years participated. The nutritional information was obtained by a paired interview, recording a food pattern and applying a Food Frequency Questionnaire. The study participants were mostly female (80.3%) and the mean age of the sample was 25.3 ± 7.3 years. Many subjects presented insufficient water intake, which correlated negatively with the soda consumption (r = -0.254 p = 0.029). 48.8% of the sample was overweight and 75% were sedentary. The number of meals was considered satisfactory, but consumption of fruits and vegetables was below the recommendations (0.6 ± 0.9, 1.7 ± 1.2 portions). There was high consumption of sugar and fat, identified by items such as soda and fried foods. It is believed that the discipline related to nutrition, present in the curriculum of the course, can serve as an important tool to stimulate better life habits, starting from more appropriate eating practices.Keywords: Food consumption. Nutritional status. Students.

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