scholarly journals How internal migrants’ socioeconomic status affect their unmet inpatient service need? Evidence from a national study in China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Wang ◽  
Zhengyue Jing ◽  
Lulu Ding ◽  
Xue Tang ◽  
Yuejing Feng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
National Study ◽  
Inpatient Service ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Inpatient Services ◽  
Internal Migrants ◽  
The Unemployed ◽  
Service Need

Abstract Background: China has experienced the largest migration during the past three decades. Compared with the permanent residents, migrants faced more obstacles in accessing essential health care services. This study aimed to explore the association between socioeconomic status and unmet inpatient service need among internal migrants in China. Methods: The data used in this study were from the 2014 nationally representative cross-sectional sample of internal migrants in China. All respondents were aged 15-59 years who had been living in local residence without the ‘Hukou’ for more than one month, and a total of 7592 migrants with inpatient service need were included in this analysis. Results: The migrants with unmet inpatient service need were 1667(21.96%). We found that internal migrants with higher socioeconomic defined by economic status(OR=1.74, 95 CI% 1.55-1.96) and educational attainment (OR=1.77, 95% CI 1.56-2.00) were more inclined to use inpatient services when needed, while the unemployed internal migrants (OR=0.36, 95% CI 0.32-0.41) were more likely to use inpatient service than the employed migrants. After adjustment for other demographic variables such as gender, age, marital status etc., these figures did not substantially change in model 2, the OR were 1.28(95% CI 1.12-1.46), 1.31(95% CI 1.13-1.52), and 0.59(95% CI 0.51-0.68), respectively. Conclusion: Internal migrants with higher socioeconomic defined by economic status and education attainment were more inclined to use inpatient services when needed, while the unemployed internal migrants were more likely to use inpatient service than the employed. This suggests that future policies should make the reimbursement more pro-poor among migrants and more effective policies targeting the migrants with low educational attainment and employed.

scholarly journals Socioeconomic status inequity in inpatient service utilization based on need among migrants: Evidence from a national study in China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Wang ◽  
Zhengyue Jing ◽  
Lulu Ding ◽  
Xue Tang ◽  
Yuejing Feng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Service Utilization ◽  
Access To Health Care ◽  
Concentration Index ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Dynamic Monitoring ◽  
National Study ◽  
Inpatient Service ◽  
Middle Income

Abstract Background: Equity in access to healthcare is a major health policy challenge in many low- and middle- income countries. However, millions of people, especially migrants, do not have the adequate access to health care they need. This study aims to identify the socioeconomic status (SES) inequities in inpatient service utilization based on need among migrants by using a nationally representative study in China.Methods: The data used in this study was derived from the 2014 National Internal Migrant Population Dynamic Monitoring Survey collected by the National Health Commission of China. We used logistic regression method and Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition and calculated the concentration index to measure inequities of SES in inpatient service utilization based on need. Sample weights provided in the survey were applied in all the analysis to represent the China population.Results: The total number of the migrants who needed inpatient service told by doctors was 7592, of which, 1667 (21.96%) did not use the inpatient services (unmet inpatient service need). Results showed that inpatient service utilization concentrated among high-SES migrants (Concentration Index: 0.041, p <0.001) and the decomposition results suggested that about 53.76% of the total SES gap in inpatient service utilization could be attributed to the gradient effect. After adjusting for other confounding variables, the odds ratios of inpatient service utilization by internal migrants with high SES according to educational attainment, economic status, and employment status were 1.41 (95% CI 1.08-1.85, p =0.012), 1.25 (95% CI 1.01-1.56, p =0.046), and 1.62 (95% CI 1.12-2.36, p =0.011), respectively.Conclusion: This study observed an inequity in inpatient service utilization where the utilization concentrates among high SES migrants. This suggests that future policies should make the reimbursement more pro-poor among migrants in primary care and use more effective policies targeting the migrants with low educational attainment and unemployed, such as health education activities.

scholarly journals Socioeconomic status inequity in inpatient service utilization based on need among migrants: Evidence from a national study in China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Wang ◽  
Zhengyue Jing ◽  
Lulu Ding ◽  
Xue Tang ◽  
Yuejing Feng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Service Utilization ◽  
Access To Health Care ◽  
Concentration Index ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Equal Treatment ◽  
Dynamic Monitoring ◽  
National Study ◽  
Inpatient Service

Abstract Background Equity in access to healthcare is a major health policy challenge in many low- and middle- income countries. However, millions of people, especially migrants, do not have the adequate access to health care they need. Providing equal treatment for those who have the same need for healthcare, regardless of their socioeconomic and cultural background, has become a shared goal among policymakers who strive to improve healthcare. This study aims to identify the socioeconomic status (SES) inequities in inpatient service utilization based on need among migrants by using a nationally representative study in China. Methods The data used in this study was derived from the 2014 National Internal Migrant Population Dynamic Monitoring Survey collected by the National Health Commission of China. We used logistic regression method and Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition and calculated the concentration index to measure inequities of SES in inpatient service utilization based on need. Sample weights provided in the survey were applied in all the analysis to represent the China population. Results The total number of the migrants who needed inpatient service told by doctors was 7592, of which, 1667 (21.96%) did not use the inpatient services (unmet inpatient service need). Results showed that inpatient service utilization concentrated among high-SES migrants (Concentration Index: 0.041, p < 0.001) and the decomposition results suggested that about 53.76% of the total SES gap in inpatient service utilization could be attributed to the gradient effect. After adjusting for other confounding variables, the odds ratios of inpatient service utilization by internal migrants with high SES according to educational attainment, economic status, and employment status were 1.41 (95% CI 1.08–1.85, p = 0.012), 1.25 (95% CI 1.01–1.56, p = 0.046), and 1.62 (95% CI 1.12–2.36, p = 0.011), respectively. Conclusion This study observed an inequity in inpatient service utilization where the utilization concentrates among high SES migrants. This suggests that future policies should make the reimbursement more pro-poor among migrants in primary care and use more effective policies targeting the migrants with low educational attainment and unemployed, such as health education activities.

A study on the Relationship of the weight pattern with the socioeconomic status among adolescents school going children in an Indian Metropolitan City

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 320-323
Author(s):  
Samar Hossain ◽  
Sharma Priyanka ◽  
Talib Hossain ◽  
Surendra Mohan Mathur
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Socioeconomic Development ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Obesity And Overweight ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Development Levels

Objective: The last two decades have witnessed an increase in health care costs due to obesity and related issues among children and adolescents. Childhood obesity is a global phenomenon affecting all socio-economic groups, irrespective of age, sex or ethnicity. The study was done to find the the prevalence of obesity and overweight and their association with socioeconomic status (SES) and the risk factors. Materials and Methods: School based cross sectional study carried out over a period of 4 months in three schools of East Delhi. The study was carried out in 629 school children of 10–18 years of age and belonging to different socioeconomic statuses in schools in East Delhi. The obesity and overweight were considered using an updated body mass index reference. A pre-tested questionnaire was used to determine the Socio-economic status and life style factors. Results: The prevalence of overweight among children was higher in middle socioeconomic status groups as compared to high socioeconomic class in both boys and girls whereas the prevalence of obesity was higher in high Socio economic status group as compared to middle socioeconomic group. The prevalence of obesity as well as overweight in low SES group was the lowest as compared to other group. Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that the prevalence of overweight and obesity varies remarkably with different socioeconomic development levels.

scholarly journals The effect of socioeconomic status on informal caregiving for parents among adult married females: evidence from China

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Wang ◽  
Jiajia Li ◽  
Lulu Ding ◽  
Yuejing Feng ◽  
Xue Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Informal Care ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Registration System ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Married Female

Abstract Background Married female caregivers face a higher risk of an informal care burden than other caregivers. No study has explored the effect of socioeconomic status (SES) on the intensity of informal care provided by married female caregivers in China. The purpose of this study is to empirically examine how the SES of married female caregivers affects the intensity of the informal care they provide for their parents/parents-in-law in China. Methods The data for this study were drawn from 8 waves of the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS). The respondents were married women whose parents/parents-in-law needed care and lived in the same city as them. SES was defined based on four indicators: education, economic status, employment status, and hukou (China’s household registration system). Informal caregivers were divided into three categories: non-caregivers (0 h/week), low-intensity caregivers (less than 10 h/week), and high-intensity caregivers (10 h/week and above). Multinomial logistic regression analysis was used to examine the relation between SES and the likelihood of a low- and high-intensity caregiving among married female caregivers, adjusting for age, family characteristics and survey wave. Results Of the 2661 respondents, high-intensity and low-intensity caregivers accounted for 16.35 and 21.27%, respectively. The multinomial logistic regression results showed that the likelihood of being a high-intensity caregiver versus (vs. a non-caregiver) increased as the caregiver’s educational attainment increased (p < 0.05), and that high economic status was related to the likelihood of being a high-intensity caregiver, but this relationship was only significant at the 10% level. Urban females were 1.34 times more likely than their rural counterparts to provide low-intensity care vs. no care (p < 0.05) and were 1.33 times more likely to provide high-intensity care vs. no care (p < 0.05). Employed females were 1.25 times more likely than those unemployed females to provide low-intensity care vs. no care (p < 0.05). Conclusions Differences in SES were found between high-intensity caregivers and low-intensity caregivers. Women with high educational attainment and urban hukou were more likely to provide high-intensity informal care, and women who were employed and had urban hukou were more likely to provide low-intensity care.

scholarly journals The Influence of Socioeconomic Status on the Presence and Degree of Erectile Dysfunction in Men With Coronary Artery Disease—A Cross-Sectional Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 155798831983437
Author(s):  
Lesław Rusiecki ◽  
Romuald Zdrojowy ◽  
Jana Gebala ◽  
Małgorzata Sobieszczańska ◽  
Ryszard Smoliński ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Erectile Dysfunction ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Occupational Status ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Lower Probability ◽  
Modifiable Risk Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional

Impairment of social functioning and low economic status may lead to the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between socioeconomic status (SES) and erectile dysfunction (ED) in patients with clinically significant CVD. A total of 808 male patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD) were recruited. Socioeconomic and demographic data as well as occupational data and the presence of modifiable risk factors were collected. Erection quality was assessed using the International Index of Erectile Function 5 (IIEF-5), while physical activity was evaluated using a modified Framingham questionnaire. Relationships among the presence of socioeconomic factors (marital status, education, income, occupational status, nature of work conducted, and demographic data), intensity of ED, and time from diagnosis of IHD were assessed. ED was diagnosed in 618 men (76.49% overall; severe in 23.14%, moderate to severe in 13.11%, moderate in 32.20%, mild in 31.55%). Patients with ED were older (61 ± 8.6 vs. 53 ± 9.1 years; p < .0001), were less active (6.97 ± 2.18 vs. 8.31 ± 2.34 Metabolic Equivalent [METs]; p < .0001), and had more modifiable risk factors (3.4 ± 1.1 vs. 3.2 ± 1.0; p < .0300). Higher education was associated with a lower probability of the occurrence of ED (OR = 0.7546; 95% CI [0.6221, 0.9153]). In patients with newly diagnosed IHD, SES correlated significantly with the presence of ED ( p = .009). Education in patients suffering from CVD has a significant relationship with both the occurrence and degree of ED. Economic status was significantly linked to the presence and degree of ED only in patients with IHD diagnosed less than 2 months before entering the study.

scholarly journals Effect of Birth Weight and Socioeconomic Status on Children's Growth in Mashhad, Iran

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashraf Mohammadzadeh ◽  
Ahmadshah Farhat ◽  
Rana Amiri ◽  
Habibollah Esmaeeli
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
School Achievement ◽  
Work Capacity ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cognitive Outcomes ◽  
Physical Growth ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background. Socioeconomic status and birth weight are prominent factors for future growing of children. Also Studies show that this criterion is associated with reduced cognitive outcomes, school achievement, and adult work capacity. So in this paper we determined the effects of some socio-economic statuses and birth weight on physical growth of children in Mashhad, Iran.Method and materials. This is a cross sectional study that determined effect of socio-economic status and birth weight on weight, heighting and BMI of school age children. Healthy six years old children who were screened before enter, to school were eligible for participating in our study between 6 June 2006 and 31 July. Weight and standing height were documented at birth and measured at 6 years old. Then, their BMI were calculated in childhood period. Data were analyzed by using SPSS software.Result. Results show that some socio-economic variables and birth weight is associated with and, perhaps, influence the variation of growth in the children. The variables which show the most consistent and significant association were birth weight, sex, economic status and education of parents.Conclusion. In this paper, we found that birth weight, economic status and education parents of neonates have directly significant effect on growth childhood period. We recommended that paying attention to these criteria for improving growth of children in our society should be considered by authorities.

scholarly journals Knowledge Level, Sosioeconomy Status of Family Head, and Ownership of Latrines in Gunung Agung Village Argamakmur North Bengkulu

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 76-85
Author(s):  
Suryani Suryani ◽  
Yusran Fauzi ◽  
Fikitri Maya Sari ◽  
Nahari Ratu Cempaka Wilis
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Family Head ◽  
The Family ◽  
Level Of Knowledge

Sanitation is intentional behavior in empowering clean life that has the purpose of preventing humans from being in direct contact with dirt and other hazardous waste materials in the hope of maintaining and improving human health. The use of latrines as a place to dispose of human waste is very necessary to avoid and reduce various types of environmental pollution and transmission of diseases, and can support the creation of a clean and healthy environment. This study aims to determine the relationship between the level of knowledge and socioeconomic status of the family head with ownership of family latrines in Gunung Agung Village, Argamakmur City, North Bengkulu. The design of this study uses analytical survey with Cross Sectional approach. The population taken was all family heads in Gunung Agung Village, Argamakmur City, North Bengkulu. Sampling in this study were 85 samples, using proportional random sampling technique, namely 66 samples that had family latrines and 19 samples that did not have family latrines. Data collection in this study uses primary and secondary data with data analysis techniques carried out by univariate and bivariate analysis with Chi-Square test through SPSS program. The results obtained: from 85 household head respondents, it can be seen that there are 66 families (77.6%) who have family latrines, there are 42 families (49.4%) have a sufficient level of knowledge, there are 56 households (65.9%) with the status of Prosperous    Family I. This study shows that there is a significant relationship between the level of knowledge and socioeconomic status of the head of the family with ownership of family latrines in Gunung Agung Village, Argamakmur City, North Bengkulu. Keywords: knowledge of family heads, ownership of family latrines, socio-economic status

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUS OF PATIENTS

2008 ◽  
Vol 15 (02) ◽  
pp. 270-272
Author(s):  
AYESHA ASHFAQ ◽  
NOOR FATIMA ◽  
SEEMA DAUD ◽  
Ahsen Nazir Ahmed ◽  
Zakariya Imam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Public Hospital ◽  
Private Hospital ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Public ◽  
Improve Compliance ◽  
Status Assessment ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospitals

Objective: To determine whether or not doctors assess the socio-economicstatus of their patients in order to customize treatment and improve compliance. Design: A cross-sectional Setting:Jinnah Hospital and Shalimar Hospital Lahore. Period: From March to June 2005 Methods & Material: Ninety-threepatients were included from each of the two randomly selected tertiary care hospitals (one public, one private) ofLahore. Doctor-patient encounters were observed. Results: No assessment was made for 134/186(72%) patients.51/186(27.4%) received an inadequate assessment. Only 01/186(0.5 %) patient received a thorough assessment ofhis socioeconomic status. Doctors in the private hospital made better effort to assess the socioeconomic backgroundof the patient (albeit inadequately), compared to those in the public hospital (p: < 0.0001). Conclusion: Doctors shouldbe regular and meticulous in patients’ socioeconomic status assessment.

scholarly journals Changes in Hypertension-Related Knowledge and Behavior and Their Associations with Socioeconomic Status among Recently Urbanized Residents in China: 2013–2016

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. 1701 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenjie Zhang ◽  
Hongdao Meng ◽  
Shujuan Yang ◽  
Honglin Luo ◽  
Danping Liu
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Health Knowledge ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Urbanization In China ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
The Unemployed ◽  
The Impact

The rapid urbanization in China has brought with it some health benefits, but it also brought about a negative influence on the lifestyle of residents. We conducted this study to assess the change in hypertension-related knowledge and behavior from 2013 to 2016 among recently urbanized residents and determine their association with socioeconomic status (SES). This research used data from two cross-sectional studies conducted in Hezuo community in Chengdu, Sichuan province of China. A total of 2268 and 2601 individuals, respectively, participated and completed standard questionnaires. According to the results, the median (IQR) scores of health knowledge was 1 (0,3) and 3 (1,5), respectively, (p < 0.001) and the median (IQR) scores of health behavior was 6 (5,6) and 5 (5,6), respectively, (p < 0.001) in 2013 and 2016. The rate of sufficient knowledge increased from 8.8% to 18.1% (p < 0.001), while the rate of correct behavior decreased from 54.5% to 45.5% (p < 0.001) in three years. Logistic regression analysis showed that higher education was associated with sufficient hypertension-related knowledge (p < 0.05), and those with higher education, unemployment, and retirement were more likely to have sufficient behavior (p < 0.05). The impact of SES on knowledge was stable between 2013 and 2016. The behavior difference between the middle school educated and the illiterate increased from 2013 to 2016 (p < 0.05), and the behavior difference between the unemployed and manual workers decreased from 2013 to 2016 (p < 0.05). Our results revealed that hypertension-related knowledge improved with no corresponding improvement in self-reported behavior among recently urbanized residents from 2013 to 2016. Organizational strategy should be implemented to improve health education on knowledge, and what is more, translate knowledge into behavior. All these measures should be given more attention to the lower educated and manual workers among recently urbanized residents to eliminate the SES disparity.

scholarly journals Influence Of Demographic Factors And History Of Malaria With The Incidence Malaria In MORU PHC

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 338
Author(s):  
Sudirman Manumpa
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
History Of

Malaria morbidity in Moru health center, with parameter Annual Parasite Incident (API), amounted to 16.9% in 2014. This figure was still high when compared to the target of eliminating malaria in Indonesia about <1% in 2030. Incidence of malaria is more common in children aged 5 months - <12 years. This high rates of malaria leads to poverty, low level of learning achievement of children and in pregnant women causing low birth weight in babies and death. The purpose of this study was to analyze the factors that influence the incidence of tertian and Tropikana malaria or combined Tropikana and tertian (mix) in Moru PHC in sub-district Alor Southwestern, Alor Regency.This study used a cross-sectional design, the population of study were all patients undergoing peripheral blood examination in Moru PHC’s laboratory from June to October 2015. The number of samples in this study was 173 respondents. The sampling technique was Simple Random Sampling. Instruments of data collection were a questionnaire and observation sheet.Results of the study by Chi-Square test showed that the factors influencing the incidence of malaria were socioeconomic status (sig 0,000), education level (sig 0.001). By using multivariate analysis with logistic regression test, results were obtained the age of 5 months - <12 value (sig 0.025) and socioeconomic status (sig 0,000) influencing the incidence of malaria.Variables that affect the incidence of malaria were demographic factors such as age, education level, socioeconomic status. It is advisable to harness swamp thus improving the economic status of society and build permanent house.Keywords: incidence malaria, demographic factors, history of malaria

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