scholarly journals High or Low Temperature Extraction, Which Is More Conducive to Triphala Aginst Chronic Pharyngitis?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
fei Ran ◽  
xue Han ◽  
xuan Deng ◽  
Zhenfeng Wu ◽  
Hanzhou Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Gallic Acid ◽  
Ellagic Acid ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Network Pharmacology ◽  
Active Ingredients ◽  
Epicatechin Gallate ◽  
Chebulic Acid ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Abstract BackgroundTriphala is a world famous herbal formula, its therapeutic effect on chronic pharyngitis has been confirmed in the majority of patients in China. However, the effects of current industrial extraction methods on its anti chronic pharyngitis components and activities are still unclear Methods:The network pharmacology was used to analyze the material basis, targets and pathways of Triphala for chronic pharyngitis. HPLC were used to compare the fingerprint profile and content of components between the two extracts. The antioxidant and anti chronic pharyngitis activities of the two extracts were compared by DPPH assay and ammonia induced chronic pharyngitis model in rats. Results:The network pharmacology results showed that the active ingredients of Triphala for chronic pharyngitis are epigallocat echin 3 gallate catechin , epicatechin , epicatechin gallate , g allocatechin , quercetin luteolin leucodelphinidin and other flavonoids, phenolic acids such as gallic acid and ellagic acid, alkaloids such as ellipticine , cheilanthifoline, and hydrolyzed tannins such as corilagin and chebulic acid . The high temperature reflux extract and the low temperature decompressing inner ebullition extract have extremely significant differences in the fingerprint profile. Among them, the content of 8 active ingredients of gallic acid, ellagic acid, chebulic acid , catechin, epicatechin, corilagin, quercetin, and epicatechin gallate in the reflux extract is 1.1 to 5.3 times as much as decompressing inner ebullition extract. The free radical scavenging ability of reflux extract is significantly stronger than that of decompression extract (p<0.01), and it has a repairing effect on pharyngeal mucosal damage (reducing keratinization or hyperplasia of mucosal epithelium, reducing inflammatory cell infiltration and bleeding), and reducing IL 1β (P 0.05), IL 6 (p 0.05), TNF α overexpression ability is stronger than the decompressing inner ebullition extract. Conclusions:gallic acid, ellagic acid, chebulic acid , catechin, epicatechin, corilagin and epicatechin gallate are the basic aglycones or oligomers of tannin. and high temperature reflux extraction can significantly promote temperature reflux extraction can significantly promote tthe occurrence of the he occurrence of the hydrolysis of tannins significantly increases the content of hydrolysis of tannins significantly increases the content of these components, and the these components, and the antianti--chronic pharyngitis activity is enhanced. chronic pharyngitis activity is enhanced. It is suggested that high temperature It is suggested that high temperature reflux extraction should be used in the treatment of chronic phreflux extraction should be used in the treatment of chronic pharyngitis.aryngitis.

scholarly journals Gallic Acid and Quercetin as Intelligent and Active Ingredients in Poly(vinyl alcohol) Films for Food Packaging

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Luzi ◽  
Elisa Pannucci ◽  
Luca Santi ◽  
José Maria Kenny ◽  
Luigi Torre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gallic Acid ◽  
Vinyl Alcohol ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Casting Process ◽  
Poly Vinyl Alcohol ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Active Ingredients

Gallic acid (GA) and quercetin (QC) were used as active ingredients in poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) film formulations obtained by solvent casting process. The effect of two different percentages (5 and 10 % wt.) on morphological behavior, thermal stability, optical, mechanical, and release properties of PVA were investigated, while migration with food stimulants and antioxidant properties were tested taking into account the final application as food packaging systems. The results showed how different dispersability in PVA water solutions gave different results in term of deformability (mean value of ε PVA/5GA = 280% and ε PVA/5QC = 255%, with 190% for neat PVA), comparable values for antioxidant activity at the high contents (Radical Scavenging Activity, RSA(%) PVA/10GA = 95 and RSA(%) PVA/10QC = 91) and different coloring attitude of the polymeric films. It was proved that GA, even if it represents the best antioxidant ingredient to be used with PVA and can be easily dispersed in water, it gives more rigid films in comparison to QC, that indeed was more efficient in tuning the deformability of the PVA films, due the presence of sole hydroxyl groups carrying agent. The deviation of the film coloring towards greenish tones for GA films and redness for QC films after 7 and within 21 days in the simulated conditions confirmed the possibility of using easy processable PVA films as active and intelligent films in food packaging.

scholarly journals Exhaustive Plant Profile of “Dimocarpus longan Lour” with Significant Phytomedicinal Properties: A Literature Based-Review

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1803
Author(s):  
Priyanka Paul ◽  
Partha Biswas ◽  
Dipta Dey ◽  
Abu Saim Mohammad Saikat ◽  
Md. Aminul Islam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gallic Acid ◽  
Ellagic Acid ◽  
Bone Fractures ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Snake Bites ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Dimocarpus Longan ◽  
Cancer Activity

Background: “Dimocarpus longan Lour” is a tropical and subtropical evergreen tree species mainly found in China, India, and Thailand; this plant, found naturally in Bangladesh, even locally, is used as “kaviraj” medication for treating different diseases, such as gastrointestinal disorders, wounds, fever, snake bites, menstrual problem, chickenpox, bone fractures, neurological disorders, and reproductive health. Different parts of this plant, especially juice pulp, pericarp, seeds, leaves, and flowers, contain a diverse group of botanical phytocompounds, and nutrient components which are directly related to alleviating numerous diseases. This literature-based review provides the most up-to-date data on the ethnomedicinal usages, phytochemical profiling, and bio-pharmacological effects of D. longan Lour based on published scientific articles. Methodology: A literature-based review was conducted by collecting information from various published papers in reputable journals and cited organizations. ChemDraw, a commercial software package, used to draw the chemical structure of the phytochemicals. Results: Various phytochemicals such as flavonoids, tannins, and polyphenols were collected from the various sections of the plant, and other compounds like vitamins and minerals were also obtained from this plant. As a treating agent, this plant displayed many biologicals activities, such as anti-proliferative, antioxidant, anti-cancer, anti-tyrosinase, radical scavenging activity, anti-inflammatory activity, anti-microbial, activation of osteoblast differentiation, anti-fungal, immunomodulatory, probiotic, anti-aging, anti-diabetic, obesity, neurological issues, and suppressive effect on macrophages cells. Different plant parts have displayed better activity in different disease conditions. Still, the compounds, such as gallic acid, ellagic acid, corilagin acid, quercetin, 4-O-methyl gallic acid, and (-)-epicatechin showed better activity in the biological system. Gallic acid, corilagin, and ellagic acid strongly exhibited anti-cancer activity in the HepG2, A549, and SGC 7901 cancer cell lines. Additionally, 4-O-methyl gallic acid and (-)-epicatechin have displayed outstanding antioxidant activity as well as anti-cancer activity. Conclusion: This plant species can be considered an alternative source of medication for some diseases as it contains a potential group of chemical constituents.

scholarly journals Optimization of Gallic Acid Production from Terminalia Chebula byAspergillus niger

2007 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 287-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Lokeswari ◽  
K. Jaya Raju
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Gallic Acid ◽  
Ellagic Acid ◽  
Condensed Tannin ◽  
Extraction Procedure ◽  
Terminalia Chebula ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Plant Phenolics ◽  
Simple Extraction ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

A method for producing gallic acid by microbiological hydrolysis of the tannins of myrobalan seed powder is described in the present work. Hydrolysis of gallotannins of the substrate to gallic acid byAspergillus nigerMTCC 282 was studied. A simple extraction procedure is used. Fungal mycelia pre-induced with 5 g/L gallotannin was used as inoculums. Optimal conditions of production were determined using various parameters including gallotannin concentration, nutritional source and metal ions are determined. Gallotannin is hydrolyzed with acid, and gallic acid in the hydrolyses is then assayed using rhodanine. This method is very specific: no interferences from other plant phenolics, including ellagic acid and condensed tannin, have been observed. The yield of gallic acid with respect to gallotannins present in the substrate is estimated. Yields of gallic acid are about 74% with respect to gallotannin concentration, which suggests that this method is exploitable industrially for the manufacturing trimethoprim drug.

scholarly journals Effect of Temperature Preconditioning on Free Radical Scavenging Enzymes in Chilling-tolerant and Chilling-sensitive Tomato Fruit

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 602A-602
Author(s):  
R. Aynaou ◽  
F.M. Woods ◽  
R. Shewfelt ◽  
J.E. Brown ◽  
S. Tuzun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Membrane Damage ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Low Temperature Storage

The ability of two tomato cultivars, Lycopersicon esculentum cv. VFNTCherry (chill sensitive) and L. esculentum × L. pimpinellifollim cv. New York 280 (chill tolerant) to acclimate to low temperature storage at 2 °C were compared following prior temperature preconditioning. The activities of catalase, peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase and electrolyte leakage were monitored during a 15-day preconditioning period. Low temperature preconditioning reduced membrane damage in both fruit. In contrast, high temperature preconditioning accelerated the rate of leakage in VFNT, while fruit of NY 280 remained relatively undamaged. Low temperature preconditioning stimulated a 4-fold increase in catalase and peroxidase activities in fruit of NY280. High-temperature preconditioning appeared only to benefit fruit of NY280. Regardless of pretreatment, no significant change in superoxide dismutase activities were observed for either cultivar. These findings suggest that the ability to acclimate to low temperature stress may correlate with increased levels of catalase and peroxidase.

scholarly journals Grey Relational Analysis Combined With Network Pharmacology to Identify Antioxidant Components and Uncover Its Mechanism From Moutan Cortex

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingchun Zhang ◽  
Xiaoyi Wu ◽  
Xinhui Wang ◽  
Yue Zeng ◽  
Yixuan Liao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Free Radical ◽  
Gallic Acid ◽  
Grey Relational Analysis ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Free Radical Scavenging ◽  
Network Pharmacology ◽  
Relational Analysis ◽  
Moutan Cortex ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
Grey Relational

The present study determines the potential antioxidants in Moutan Cortex (MC) and predicts its targets of anti-oxidative activities. The quantitative analysis and the free radical scavenging assays were conducted to detect the main components in MC and assess its anti-oxidant activities. The grey relational analysis and the network pharmacology approach were employed to predict its key components and targets of anti-oxidant activities. Six main constitutes in MCs were quantified by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and its anti-oxidant activities were evaluated by DPPH and ABTS free radical scavenging methods. Then grey relational analysis was employed to predict the key components acting on anti-oxidative activity based on the chem-bio results. The predicted components and its mechanisms on anti-oxidation were uncovered by network pharmacology approach and cell test, respectively. The content of paeonol and paeoniflorin accounts for more than 80% the whole content of detected components. However, the two main ingredients showed a great variety among MCs. The antioxidant capacities of MCs also showed a great discrepancy based on DPPH and ABTS methods. The key components acting on anti-oxidation were identified to be paeonol, gallic acid and benzoylpaeoniflorin, and their potential therapeutic targets were predicted and verified, respectively. The present results reveal that MC has a significant antioxidant activity and the compounds of paeonol, gallic acid and benzoylpaeoniflorin could be considered as the promising antioxidant candidates with the property of suppressing oxidative stress and apoptosis.

scholarly journals Antioxidants ofPhyllanthus emblicaL. Bark Extract Provide Hepatoprotection against Ethanol-Induced Hepatic Damage: A Comparison with Silymarin

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renuka Chaphalkar ◽  
Kishori G. Apte ◽  
Yogesh Talekar ◽  
Shreesh Kumar Ojha ◽  
Mukesh Nandave
Keyword(s):  
Gallic Acid ◽  
Ellagic Acid ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Phyllanthus Emblica ◽  
Liver Histopathology ◽  
Study Support

Phyllanthus emblicaL. (amla) has been used in Ayurveda as a potent rasayan for treatment of hepatic disorders. Most of the pharmacological studies, however, are largely focused on PE fruit, while the rest of the parts of PE, particularly, bark, remain underinvestigated. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the protective effect of the hydroalcoholic extract ofPhyllanthus emblicabark (PEE) in ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity model in rats. Total phenolic, flavonoid, and tannin content and in vitro antioxidant activities were determined by using H2O2scavenging and ABTS decolorization assays. Our results showed that PEE was rich in total phenols (99.523±1.91 mg GAE/g), total flavonoids (389.33±1.25 mg quercetin hydrate/g), and total tannins (310±0.21 mg catechin/g), which clearly support its strong antioxidant potential. HPTLC-based quantitative analysis revealed the presence of the potent antioxidants gallic acid (25.05 mg/g) and ellagic acid (13.31 mg/g). Moreover, one-month PEE treatment (500 and 1000 mg/kg, p.o.) followed by 30-day 70% ethanol (10 mL/kg) administration showed hepatoprotection as evidenced by significant restoration of ALT (p<0.01), AST (p<0.001), ALP (p<0.05), and TP (p<0.001) and further confirmed by liver histopathology. PEE-mediated hepatoprotection could be due to its free radical scavenging and antioxidant activity that may be ascribed to its antioxidant components, namely, ellagic acid and gallic acid. Thus, the results of the present study support the therapeutic claims made in Ayurveda aboutPhyllanthus emblica.

Exsolution and inversion in pigeonite from the Whin Sill, Northern England

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 474-475
Author(s):  
P.P.K. Smith
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Homogeneous Nucleation ◽  
Silicate Mineral ◽  
Antiphase Boundaries ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Primitive Form ◽  
The Core ◽  
Nucleation Mechanisms ◽  
And Inversion

Grains of pigeonite, a calcium-poor silicate mineral of the pyroxene group, from the Whin Sill dolerite have been ion-thinned and examined by TEM. The pigeonite is strongly zoned chemically from the composition Wo8En64FS28 in the core to Wo13En34FS53 at the rim. Two phase transformations have occurred during the cooling of this pigeonite:- exsolution of augite, a more calcic pyroxene, and inversion of the pigeonite from the high- temperature C face-centred form to the low-temperature primitive form, with the formation of antiphase boundaries (APB's). Different sequences of these exsolution and inversion reactions, together with different nucleation mechanisms of the augite, have created three distinct microstructures depending on the position in the grain.In the core of the grains small platelets of augite about 0.02μm thick have farmed parallel to the (001) plane (Fig. 1). These are thought to have exsolved by homogeneous nucleation. Subsequently the inversion of the pigeonite has led to the creation of APB's.

Superconducting Wind Generators with Capacities of 10 MW and Larger

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 59-67
Author(s):  
Victor N. ANTIPOV ◽  
◽  
Andrey D. GROZOV ◽  
Anna V. IVANOVA ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Superconducting Materials ◽  
Commercial Application ◽  
Synchronous Generators ◽  
High Temperature Superconducting ◽  
Wind Generators ◽  
Main Factor

The overall dimensions and mass of wind power units with capacities larger than 10 MW can be improved and their cost can be decreased by developing and constructing superconducting synchronous generators. The article analyzes foreign conceptual designs of superconducting synchronous generators based on different principles: with the use of high- and low-temperature superconductivity, fully superconducting or only with a superconducting excitation system, and with the use of different materials (MgB2, Bi2223, YBCO). A high cost of superconducting materials is the main factor impeding commercial application of superconducting generators. In view of the state of the art in the technology for manufacturing superconductors and their cost, a conclusion is drawn, according to which a synchronous gearless superconducting wind generator with a capacity of 10 MW with the field winding made of a high-temperature superconducting material (MgB2, Bi-2223 or YBCO) with the «ferromagnetic stator — ferromagnetic rotor» topology, with the stator diameter equal to 7—9 m, and with the number of poles equal to 32—40 has prospects for its practical use in the nearest future.

SOMERS LTA COPPER

Alloy Digest ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 29 (12) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Copper Foil ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Dielectric Substrates ◽  
Printed Circuits

Abstract SOMERS LTA Copper is a wrought copper foil that can be annealed at 350 F in 15 minutes to the full-soft condition; its use simplifies the manufacture of printed circuits (LTA = Low-Temperature Annealable). LTA Copper is especially useful for foil weights up to and including one ounce per square foot (0.0014-inch thick) for laminating to high-temperature dielectric substrates. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, and elasticity as well as fatigue. It also includes information on forming, heat treating, and machining. Filing Code: Cu-407. Producer or source: Olin Corporation.

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