scholarly journals Optimization of Gallic Acid Production from Terminalia Chebula byAspergillus niger

2007 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 287-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Lokeswari ◽  
K. Jaya Raju
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Gallic Acid ◽  
Ellagic Acid ◽  
Condensed Tannin ◽  
Extraction Procedure ◽  
Terminalia Chebula ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Plant Phenolics ◽  
Simple Extraction ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

A method for producing gallic acid by microbiological hydrolysis of the tannins of myrobalan seed powder is described in the present work. Hydrolysis of gallotannins of the substrate to gallic acid byAspergillus nigerMTCC 282 was studied. A simple extraction procedure is used. Fungal mycelia pre-induced with 5 g/L gallotannin was used as inoculums. Optimal conditions of production were determined using various parameters including gallotannin concentration, nutritional source and metal ions are determined. Gallotannin is hydrolyzed with acid, and gallic acid in the hydrolyses is then assayed using rhodanine. This method is very specific: no interferences from other plant phenolics, including ellagic acid and condensed tannin, have been observed. The yield of gallic acid with respect to gallotannins present in the substrate is estimated. Yields of gallic acid are about 74% with respect to gallotannin concentration, which suggests that this method is exploitable industrially for the manufacturing trimethoprim drug.

Phytochemical Investigation and Antimutagenic Potential of Ethanolic Extracts of Emblica officinalis, Terminalia chebula and Terminalia bellirica

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 488-494 ◽  
Author(s):  
Venugopal Singamaneni ◽  
Sudheer Kumar Dokuparthi ◽  
Nilanjana Banerjee ◽  
Ashish Kumar ◽  
Tulika Chakrabarti
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Gallic Acid ◽  
Ellagic Acid ◽  
Antimutagenic Activity ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Terminalia Chebula ◽  
Emblica Officinalis ◽  
Dried Fruits ◽  
Terminalia Bellerica ◽  
The Family

Background: Emblica officinalis Gaertn. which belongs to the family Euphorbiaceae, Terminalia chebula Retz. and Terminalia bellerica Roxb. belong to the family Combretaceae. These are well known medicinal plants with phytochemical reservoir of great medicinal values and possess a vast ethnomedical history. Objective: The aim of the present study is to isolation of major compounds and to evaluate antimutagenic potential of the ethanol extracts of these plants. Methods: The dried fruits of E. officinalis, T. bellirica and T. chebula were powdered and extracted with 95% ethanol. The ethyl acetate portions were chromatographed over silica gel to isolate major compounds. Antimutagenic activity was determined by Ames test using TA98 and TA100 strains of Salmonella typhimurium. Results: Two major known compounds, gallic acid and ellagic acid were isolated from the dried fruits of Emblica officinalis, Terminalia chebula and T. bellirica. All the three extracts counteracted the mutagenicity induced by different genotoxic compounds in a dose dependent manner. Conclusion: This study showed that ethyl acetate portion of three extracts contain two major compounds, gallic acid and ellagic acid which might be responsible for potent antimutagenic activity of these extracts.

scholarly journals High or Low Temperature Extraction, Which Is More Conducive to Triphala Aginst Chronic Pharyngitis?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
fei Ran ◽  
xue Han ◽  
xuan Deng ◽  
Zhenfeng Wu ◽  
Hanzhou Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Gallic Acid ◽  
Ellagic Acid ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Network Pharmacology ◽  
Active Ingredients ◽  
Epicatechin Gallate ◽  
Chebulic Acid ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Abstract BackgroundTriphala is a world famous herbal formula, its therapeutic effect on chronic pharyngitis has been confirmed in the majority of patients in China. However, the effects of current industrial extraction methods on its anti chronic pharyngitis components and activities are still unclear Methods:The network pharmacology was used to analyze the material basis, targets and pathways of Triphala for chronic pharyngitis. HPLC were used to compare the fingerprint profile and content of components between the two extracts. The antioxidant and anti chronic pharyngitis activities of the two extracts were compared by DPPH assay and ammonia induced chronic pharyngitis model in rats. Results:The network pharmacology results showed that the active ingredients of Triphala for chronic pharyngitis are epigallocat echin 3 gallate catechin , epicatechin , epicatechin gallate , g allocatechin , quercetin luteolin leucodelphinidin and other flavonoids, phenolic acids such as gallic acid and ellagic acid, alkaloids such as ellipticine , cheilanthifoline, and hydrolyzed tannins such as corilagin and chebulic acid . The high temperature reflux extract and the low temperature decompressing inner ebullition extract have extremely significant differences in the fingerprint profile. Among them, the content of 8 active ingredients of gallic acid, ellagic acid, chebulic acid , catechin, epicatechin, corilagin, quercetin, and epicatechin gallate in the reflux extract is 1.1 to 5.3 times as much as decompressing inner ebullition extract. The free radical scavenging ability of reflux extract is significantly stronger than that of decompression extract (p<0.01), and it has a repairing effect on pharyngeal mucosal damage (reducing keratinization or hyperplasia of mucosal epithelium, reducing inflammatory cell infiltration and bleeding), and reducing IL 1β (P 0.05), IL 6 (p 0.05), TNF α overexpression ability is stronger than the decompressing inner ebullition extract. Conclusions:gallic acid, ellagic acid, chebulic acid , catechin, epicatechin, corilagin and epicatechin gallate are the basic aglycones or oligomers of tannin. and high temperature reflux extraction can significantly promote temperature reflux extraction can significantly promote tthe occurrence of the he occurrence of the hydrolysis of tannins significantly increases the content of hydrolysis of tannins significantly increases the content of these components, and the these components, and the antianti--chronic pharyngitis activity is enhanced. chronic pharyngitis activity is enhanced. It is suggested that high temperature It is suggested that high temperature reflux extraction should be used in the treatment of chronic phreflux extraction should be used in the treatment of chronic pharyngitis.aryngitis.

Optimal Conditions for the Hydrolysis of Arabogalactan by Aspergillus niger

1942 ◽  
Vol 104 (2) ◽  
pp. 329-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edwin J. Ratajak ◽  
Harry S. Owens
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Production of Gallic Acid by Immobilized Aspergillus niger Using Polyurethane Foam as Solid Support

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita Srivastava ◽  
Rita Kar
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Gallic Acid ◽  
Polyurethane Foam ◽  
Acid Production ◽  
Immobilized Cells ◽  
Continuous Production ◽  
Solid Support ◽  
Simultaneous Increase ◽  
Acid Decarboxylase ◽  
Optimal Conditions

The present study was aimed at finding the optimal conditions for maximum gallic acid production using polyurethane-immobilized Aspergillus niger cells and determining the operational stability of recycled cells for gallic acid production. Maximum gallic acid (142 µg/ml) was produced with 1% tannic acid at 40°C, pH 5.0, with polyurethane foam size of 1.5 cm3 cubes after 48 h under submerged fermentation at 220 rpm, as compared to free cells, which produced 72 µg /ml gallic acid in 72 h at 37°C and pH 5.0. Continuous production of gallic acid by recycling of the immobilized cells resulted in maximum gallic acid production of 199 µg/ml after the fourth cycle, and thereafter remained stable till the seventh cycle and could be continued till the tenth cycle. Pyrogallol, a degradation product of gallic acid and gallic acid decarboxylase (GADC), was also monitored under static and aerobic states and showed comparable values, in contrast to bacteria where aeration caused inhibition. However, 72.73% inhibition of GADC activity by oxidizing agents with simultaneous increase in gallic acid production was observed. This is the first report of gallic acid production by immobilized A. niger cells, producing higher amounts of gallic acid in a shorter cultivation time.

Chemoenzymatic synthesis of the chiral herbicide: (S)-metolachlor

2006 ◽  
Vol 84 (8) ◽  
pp. 1058-1063 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liangyu Zheng ◽  
Suoqin Zhang ◽  
Fang Wang ◽  
Gui Gao ◽  
Shugui Cao
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Method ◽  
Kinetic Resolution ◽  
Extraction Procedure ◽  
Chemoenzymatic Synthesis ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Acid Product ◽  
Enantiomerically Pure ◽  
Hydrolytic Kinetic Resolution ◽  
Simple Chemical ◽  
Simple Extraction

A chemoenzymatic approach for the production of (S)-metolachlor, one of the most widely used herbicides, has been developed. The starting material (S)-N-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)alanine was obtained by the use of lipase-catalyzed hydrolytic kinetic resolution. Under the optimal conditions, the good activity and excellent enantioselectivity of lipase B from Candida antarctica (CAL-B,E > 100) are achieved in diethyl ether – water (15% v/v), which is about 9.7-fold more enantioselective than that in a pure buffered aqueous solution (E = 12.1). After a simple extraction procedure is used to separate the acid product from the remaining ester, the remaining ester is racemized, providing the basis for the continuous resolution process. Then (S)-metolachlor is synthesized by a simple chemical method using the enantiomerically pure (S)-acid.Key words: (S)-metolachlor, herbicide, CAL-B, (S)-N-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)alanine, resolution.

scholarly journals Cytotoxic and antigenotoxic properties of phenolic compound isolated from the fruit of Terminalia chebula on HeLa cell

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Soumya ◽  
Jesna James ◽  
T. M. Archana ◽  
A. T. Dhanya ◽  
A. P. Shahid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Gallic Acid ◽  
Phenolic Compound ◽  
Diethyl Ether ◽  
Hela Cells ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Terminalia Chebula ◽  
Diethyl Ether Extract ◽  
Toxic Concentration ◽  
Isolated Compound

Abstract Background DNA in a human cell is subjected to constant assault from both environmental factors and normal metabolic processes. Accumulation of DNA damage drives the progression of many health disorders like aging, cancer, diabetes, and neurodegenerative disorders. Results The present study focuses on the isolation of phenolic compound from the fruit of Terminalia chebula and its protective role on induced DNA damage. Diethyl ether and ethyl acetate extract of Terminalia chebula fruit were subjected to column chromatographic purification, and the fractions obtained were tested for the presence of phenolics. Fraction-12 isolated from diethyl ether extract was identified as gallic acid, which is used for cytotoxic and DNA damage protection activity assays. To select a non-toxic concentration of isolated compound, cytotoxicity was assessed by MTT assay. Gallic acid showed moderate toxicity at the highest concentration tested (i.e., percentage cell viability at 100 μg/ml is 40.51 ± 1.31). Antigenotoxic effect of gallic acid on HeLa cells was carried by alkaline comet assay. The compound showed significant protective abilities against hydrogen peroxide-induced DNA damage in HeLa cells. Conclusion These results show the importance of gallic acid isolated from Terminalia chebula fruit, as protector of oxidative stress-induced DNA damage.

scholarly journals Improvement of Enzymatic Saccharification of Cellulose-Containing Raw Materials Using Aspergillus niger

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1360
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Budenkova ◽  
Stanislav Sukhikh ◽  
Svetlana Ivanova ◽  
Olga Babich ◽  
Vyacheslav Dolganyuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Filter Paper ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Enzymatic Saccharification ◽  
Wood Chip ◽  
Cellulase Activity ◽  
Wood Chips ◽  
Acid Pretreatment ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose-containing raw materials, using Aspergillus niger, were studied. Filter paper, secondary cellulose-containing or starch-containing raw materials, miscanthus cellulose after alkaline or acid pretreatment, and wood chip cellulose, were used as substrates. The study focused on a wild A. niger strain, treated, or not (control), by ultraviolet (UV) irradiations for 45, 60, or 120 min (UV45, UV60, or UV120), or by UV irradiation for 120 min followed by a chemical treatment with NaN3 + ItBr for 30 min or 80 min (UV120 + CH30 or UV120 + CH80). A mixture of all the A. niger strains (MIX) was also tested. A citrate buffer, at 50 mM, wasthe most suitable for enzymatic hydrolysis. As the UV exposure time increased to 2 h, the cellulase activity of the surviving culturewas increased (r = 0.706; p < 0.05). The enzymatic activities of the obtained strains, towards miscanthus cellulose, wood chips, and filter paper, were inferior to those obtained with commercial enzymes (8.6 versus 9.1 IU), in some cases. Under stationary hydrolysis at 37 °C, pH = 4.7, the enzymatic activity of A. niger UV120 + CH30 was 24.9 IU. The enzymatic hydrolysis of secondary raw materials, using treated A. niger strains, was themost effective at 37 °C. Similarly, the most effective treatment of miscanthus cellulose and wood chips occurred at 50 °C. The maximum conversion of cellulose to glucose was observed using miscanthus cellulose (with alkaline pretreatment), and the minimum conversion was observed when using wood chips. The greatest value of cellulase activity was evidenced in the starch-containing raw materials, indicating that A. niger can ferment not only through cellulase activity, but also via an amylolytic one.

Study on Active Ingredient of Blueberry Pomace in Fermentation by Lentinus edodes Hypha

2014 ◽  
Vol 926-930 ◽  
pp. 238-241
Author(s):  
Li Guo ◽  
Peng Wang
Keyword(s):  
Gallic Acid ◽  
Active Ingredient ◽  
Ellagic Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Hplc Method ◽  
Spectrophotometric Analysis ◽  
Anthocyanin Content ◽  
Lentinus Edodes ◽  
Flavonoid Content ◽  
Fermentation Products

The effect of fermentation by Lentinus edodes hypha on active ingredient of blueberry pomace was studied, and the changes of fermentation products with protein, flavonoid and anthocyanin content were evaluated by spectrophotometric analysis. The protein content decreased slowly, and the flavonoid content in the first 66 h increased the highest level 0.09 mg/g, the anthocyanin content decreased during the first fermentation process, then increased to 0.568 mg/g at 30 h. The fermentation product of ellagic acid and gallic acid content were analyzed by using HPLC Method, the ellagic acid content decreased, and the gallic acid content increased first and then decreased, reached the highest value for the 0.310 mg/g in the first 54 h.

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