Aqueous extract from Cinnamomum zeylanicum (Lauraceae) stem-bark ameliorates gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats by modulating oxidative stress and inflammatory markers

Abstract Nephropathies and especially nephrotoxicity has become one of serious cause of life threatening condition, because of intensive exposure to xenobiotic either by environmental pollution or drug abuse. The present study was undertaken to assess the protective effects of Cinnamomum zeylanicum stem-bark aqueous extract (AECZ) on gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity. AECZ was prepared by maceration in water and tested orally at the doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg/day to prevent gentamicin induced nephropathies in male Wistar rats. Gentamicin (100 mg/kg/day) was administered for 14 consecutive days by intraperitoneal route, concomitantly with AECZ or silymarin (50 mg/kg/day) used as reference drug. Animal body weight was monitored during the treatment. After the last treatment of the 14 th day, a 24h urine was collected and animals were sacrificed. Blood was collected for the evaluation of hematological and renal function biomarkers. The homogenate of one kidney was used to assess oxidative stress markers and pro-inflammatory cytokine, while the other one was fixed in formaldehyde for histopathological studies. Gentamicin decreased body weight, serum total proteins and calcemia, but increased kidneys relative weight, serum creatinine, urea and uric acid. Moreover, the levels of reduced glutathione, catalase and superoxide dismutase activities were decreased, while an increase in malondialdehyde, proinflammatory cytokines (TNFα, IL-1β, IL-6) and nitrites were observed in negative control group as compared to normal control. Histological analysis of the kidney revealed the presence of tubular necrosis, glomerular degeneration and macrophage infiltration in gentamicin treated group. All these impairment parameters were prevented by AECZ and silymarin treatments.AECZ has a protective effect against gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity. The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potentials of this extract may highly contribute to its nephroprotective activity.

Download Full-text

Acute and sub-chronic toxicity of the aqueous extract of Ficus vogelii (Miq.) Miq. stem bark in rats

The Journal of Phytopharmacology ◽

10.31254/phyto.2021.10204 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 89-97

Author(s):

EL Lappa ◽

◽

C Bogning Zangueu ◽

EL Nguemfo ◽

JJ Kojom Wanche ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Aqueous Extract ◽

Chronic Toxicity ◽

Hematological Parameters ◽

Lethal Dose ◽

Relative Weight ◽

Stem Bark ◽

The Body ◽

Female Rats ◽

Male Rats

Ficus vogelii is a medicinal plant mainly found in tropical Africa and reported to treat inflammatory complaints. This study aims to evaluate the acute and sub-chronic toxicity of the aqueous extract of Ficus vogelii stem bark in wistar rats. For acute study, aqueous extract at a single dose of 5000 mg/kg body weight was administered to female rats and observed for 14 days. In the sub-chronic study, the extract was administered daily to both sex rats at the doses of 100, 200, 400, and 600 mg/kg body weight for 28 consecutive days. Body weight was measured weekly, while hematological, biochemical, and histopathological parameters were analyzed after euthanize. Aqueous extract of Ficus vogelii at all tested doses didn’t produced any mortality or significant change on the body weight and relative weight of rats on acute and sub-chronic studies. The lethal dose 50 was estimated greater than 5000 mg/kg (DL50˃5000 mg/kg). Hematological parameters were recorded non-significant in all treated rats. Aqueous extract at 600 mg/kg significantly changed transaminases and alkaline phosphatase activities, these changes were reversible in satellites. The concentrations of bilirubin was increased at 200 and 600 mg/kg in male rats, at 100, 400 mg/kg in female rats. The levels of lipids markers didn’t changed, except the significant decrease of LDL-cholesterol. Histological examination didn’t showed any change in the architecture of the liver and kidney of rats treated compared to control. Thus aqueous extract of Ficus vogelii stem bark didn’t produced adverse effects in rats after oral acute and sub-chronic treatment.

Download Full-text

Berberis vulgaris L. effects on oxidative stress and liver injury in lead-intoxicated mice

Journal of Complementary and Integrative Medicine ◽

10.1515/jcim-2015-0079 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Jawhar Laamech ◽

Jaouad El-Hilaly ◽

Hamadi Fetoui ◽

Yassine Chtourou ◽

Hanane Gouitaa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Body Weight ◽

Aqueous Extract ◽

Lead Acetate ◽

Protein Carbonyls ◽

Control Group ◽

Distilled Water ◽

Once Daily ◽

Group 2 ◽

Mice Liver

AbstractBackgroundL. (BV), commonly known as “MethodsSixty IOPS mice were divided into six groups and were treated as follows: group 1 (normal control) received double distilled water; group 2 (toxic control) received lead acetate (5 mg/kg body weight/day) in double distilled water for 40 days; groups 3–6 received BV aqueous extract at doses of 25, 50, 100 and 150 mg/kg body weight , respectively, once daily for 30 days from 11 day after beginning of lead acetate exposure to the end of the experiment.ResultsToxic control group showed a significant alteration of serum alanine-aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate-aminotransferase (AST), total cholesterol (TC), total bilirubin (TB), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and reduced glutathione (GSH). Histological assessment of lead-intoxicated mice liver revealed alterations in hepatocytes and focal necrosis. BV treatment significantly prevented lead accumulation, increased ALT, AST, TC, and TB, inhibited lipid peroxidation and protein carbonyls(PCO) formation. Additionally, BV extract normalized the antioxidant enzymes (CAT, SOD and GPx), GSH and architecture of liver tissues.ConclusionsBV aqueous extract exerts significant hepatoprotective effects against lead-induced oxidative stress and liver dysfunction. The BV effect may be mediated through the enhancement of antioxidant status, lead-chelating abilities and free radicals quenching.

Download Full-text

Cafeteria Diet-Induced Metabolic and Cardiovascular Changes in Rats: The Role of Piper nigrum Leaf Extract

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2021/5585650 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-14

Author(s):

Dorothee L. E. Mballa ◽

Fanta S. A. Yadang ◽

Armelle D. Tchamgoue ◽

Jean R. Mba ◽

Lauve R. Y. Tchokouaha ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Weight Gain ◽

Relative Weight ◽

The Body ◽

Cafeteria Diet ◽

Male Rats ◽

Piper Nigrum ◽

Control Group ◽

Reference Drug ◽

Cardiovascular Changes

Background. Cafeteria diet is known to induce excessive body fat accumulation (obesity) that could cause metabolic and cardiovascular changes and even death. The increase in prevalence over time and the failure in treatment options make obesity a real public health problem. The present study assessed the preventive effect of the hydro-ethanolic extract of the Piper nigrum leaf on the development of metabolic and cardiovascular changes in cafeteria diet fed Wistar rats. Methods. Thirty-six male rats were divided into 5 groups of 6 rats each: a normal control group (Nor.), a negative control group (Neg.), two groups administered different doses of extract in mg/kg (E250 and E500), and a group administered atorvastatin 10 mg/kg (Ator., reference drug). The animals were fed with experimental diets (standard and cafeteria) for a period of 5 weeks. Food and water intake were assessed daily, and the body weight assessed weekly. At the end of the feeding, plasma lipid profile and markers of hepatic and renal function were assessed. Furthermore, the relative weights of the adipose tissue and the organs were assessed. The liver, kidneys, and heart homogenates were assessed for markers of oxidative stress while the aorta was histopathologically examined. Results. Cafeteria diet-induced weight gain of 30% and increased triglyceride, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level of more than 50%. Equally, an increase in the relative weight of accumulated adipose tissues of more than 90%, oxidative stress, and alteration in the organ structure were visible in cafeteria diet fed rats (Neg). Treatment with P. nigrum extract significantly prevented weight gain, dyslipidemia, oxidative stress, and alteration in the architecture of the aorta. The effect of P. nigrum extract was comparable to that of the reference drug. Conclusion. Piper nigrum leaf may prevent weight gain and possess cardioprotective activity with a strong antioxidant activity.

Download Full-text

THE PROTECTIVE EFFECTS OF ECHINOPS HETEROPHYLLUS AQUEOUS EXTRACT AGAINST METHOTREXATE-INDUCED HEPATOTOXICITY IN RABBITS

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2019.v12i1.30213 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 384 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Heba Abdulmohsin ◽

Ahmed Abu Raghif ◽

Mohammed Jabbar Manna

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Liver Damage ◽

Crude Extract ◽

Negative Control ◽

Control Group ◽

Protective Effects ◽

Oxidative Stress Markers ◽

Stress Markers ◽

Study Results ◽

Flavonoid Fraction

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate antioxidant and hepatoprotective properties of Iraqi Echinops heterophyllus aqueous crude extract and its flavonoid fraction against methotrexate (MTX)-induced hepatotoxicity in rabbits.Methods: MTX-induced hepatotoxicity by administration of 20 mg/kg MTX intraperitoneally for 3 successive days was used as animal model, and animals were arrayed in four groups with eight animals in each group: Group 1 was the healthy control, Group 2 - the negative control receiving MTX only, Group 3 received MTX+crude extract of E. heterophyllus, and Group 4 administered MTX+flavonoid fraction of E. heterophyllus. The study duration was 10 days; at day 11, animals were sacrificed, and the blood samples were obtained for the measurement of serum aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, total bilirubin, total protein, and albumin as well as ELISA assay of the oxidative stress markers such as glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA). The liver was dissected and processed for histopathological investigation and scoring. Statistical analysis was performed to investigate the significance of each result.Results: The study results revealed severe liver damage due to MTX administration in the negative control (induced-non treated) group in comparison with healthy group, also there was significant hepatoprotective effect after administration of the crude extract of E. heterophyllus, and flavonoid fraction from E. heterophyllus shown after biochemical liver function tests and anti-oxidant properties demonstrated by the measurement of oxidative stress markers MDA and GSH. The crude extract of E. heterophyllus shown superior hepatoprotective and antioxidant effect. Histopathological scoring showed a remarkable decrease in the scores of the treatment groups in comparison with the high score in the MTX only treated group.Conclusions: MTX administered in a dose of 20 mg/kg for 3 successive days causes marked liver injury, while treatment with the crude extract and flavonoid fraction of E. heterophyllus significantly ameliorates MTX-induced liver damage, although the crude extract of E. heterophyllus seems to have the most hepatoprotective properties.

Download Full-text

Anti-diabetic Potential of Aqueous Extract of Moringa oleifera, Ocimum gratissimum and Vernonia amygdalina in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats

10.1101/2020.08.09.242941 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

A. L. Ayobami ◽

E. A. Kade ◽

K. A. Oladimeji ◽

S. Kehinde ◽

K. Gurpreet

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Aqueous Extract ◽

Fasting Blood Glucose ◽

Negative Control Group ◽

Negative Control ◽

Diabetic Rats ◽

The Body ◽

Control Group ◽

Vernonia Amygdalina ◽

Ocimum Gratissimum

AbstractThe incidence of diabetes mellitus (DM) is increasing globally and it is a major source of concern. This study was undertaken to assess the antidiabetic effect of the aqueous extract of Moringa oleifera, Ocimum gratissimum and Vernonia amygdalina. Sixty adult Wistar rats with body weight of 120-150 g were randomly assigned to groups of five rats each (n=12). Groups 1 served as normal control; Groups 2-5 were diabetic groups; group 2 served as negative control; group 3-5 received 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg of triherbal formula respectively. The body weight (BW) and fasting blood glucose level (FBSL) of the rats were monitored weekly. At the end of the experiment, all the rats were anaesthetized intraperitoneally (I.P) and blood samples were collected by cardiac puncture for biochemical analysis. There was an increase in the BW of the control group and varying doses of tri-herbal formation. It caused 88.0% decrease in FBSL; 371.7%, 386.6% and 296.0% with respect to 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg. Sub-chronic study of the effect of the extract showed a significant increase (P<0.05) in packed cell volume (PCV), white blood counts in rat induced diabetes. The histological studies showed that the diabetic rats with the architecture of the pancreas distorted, was restored to normal by the extract. Its LD50 was found to be greater than 1000 mg/kg indicating its safety in rats. This study has shown that triherbal formula has hypoglycemic and haematogical effects.

Download Full-text

Effects of Aqueous Extract of Vigna unguiculata Seedlings Against Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity and Kidney damage In Female Albino Rats

International Journal of Innovative Research in Medical Science ◽

10.23958/ijirms/vol01-i04/02 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 1 (04) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Olatunde A. Oseni ◽

Ademola S. K. Idowu ◽

Aminat Isah

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Aqueous Extract ◽

Vigna Unguiculata ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Control Group ◽

Albino Rats ◽

Group 2 ◽

Wistar Albino Rats ◽

Enzyme Markers

Doxorubicin is an anthracycline drug which is believed to cause immediate damage to myocardial cells by free radical generation in the cause of treatment of cancer. This study was however aimed to investigate the effects of the aqueous extract of the seedlings of Vigna unguiculata on heart, kidney as well as lipid profile disorders caused by this drug on female Wistar albino rats. Fifteen female Wistar albino rats were divided into three groups. Group 1 animals served as normal positive control; Group 2 animals served as negative control which were treated with 0.5mL of (20mg/kg body weight doxorubicin) while Group 3 animals were treated with 0.5mL each of 20mg/kg body weight doxorubicin and 10% aqueous extract of seedlings of Vigna unguiculata. Some enzyme markers and lipid contents were determined. The results of the study showed an increase in the activities of plasma ALP and AST after treatment with the drug except in the heart for AST which showed a significant reduction, while treatment with the extract brought about a decrease in the plasma and the organs except for kidney AST. The ALT on the other hand showed slight increase in the plasma with a decrease in the kidney and heart after treatment with the drug as the treatment with the extract tend to restore it to the control in both cases, there was increased plasma and kidney but reduced heart HDL-C after treatment with the drug which was observed to be restored to control after treatment with extract in both situations. The triglyceride and total cholesterol did not show similar trend in the plasma and the studied organs. The LDL-C was also observed to be increased in both plasma and organs after the treatment with the drug which later reduced significantly towards the control after the administration of the sprout extract. The present study has shown that the doxorubicin has damaging effects on both kidney and heart tissues while the sprouts extract produce a restoration to the normal in both organs.

Download Full-text

THE PROTECTIVE EFFECTS OF ECHINOPS HETEROPHYLLUS AQUEOUS EXTRACT AGAINST METHOTREXATE-INDUCED HEPATOTOXICITY IN RABBITS

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2018.v12i1.30213 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 384

Author(s):

Heba Abdulmohsin ◽

Ahmed Abu Raghif ◽

Mohammed Jabbar Manna

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Liver Damage ◽

Crude Extract ◽

Negative Control ◽

Control Group ◽

Protective Effects ◽

Oxidative Stress Markers ◽

Stress Markers ◽

Study Results ◽

Flavonoid Fraction

Download Full-text

Protective effect of Thuja occidentalis against DMBA-induced breast cancer with reference to oxidative stress

Human & Experimental Toxicology ◽

10.1177/0960327110364150 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 29 (5) ◽

pp. 369-375 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

BK Ojeswi ◽

M. Khoobchandani ◽

DK Hazra ◽

MM Srivastava

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Body Weight ◽

Life Span ◽

Research Centre ◽

Control Group ◽

Reference Drug ◽

Etoac Extract ◽

Thuja Occidentalis ◽

Tumor Weight

In vivo experiment has been conducted to observe the preventive role of Thuja occidentalis Linn (leaves) against 7, 12 dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA)-induced mammary cancer. Ethyl acetate (EtOAc) and methanolic (MeOH) extracts in two doses (5 and 10 mg/kg body weight) of the plant were tested for DMBA-induced Indian Cancer Research Centre (ICRC) mice mammary carcinoma in terms of tumor weight, volume, life span, histological variation and oxidative stress against the reference drug doxorubicin using standard animal protocol. EtOAc extract (10 mg/kg body weight) of the plant exhibits reduction of tumor weight (39%), tumor volume (50%), reduced glutathione (GSH) (83%) and malignant cells compared to cancerous control group while the increase in body weight and life span in comparison with cancerous control and doxorubicin-treated group. EtOAc extract being most potent extract has been subjected to detailed chromatographic separation. The most potent chromatographic fraction exhibits the presence of flavonoidal unit. Structural elucidation of bioactive principle is in progress. It is inferred that the plant T. occidentalis (leaves) possess significant potential for phytopreventive bioefficacy against DMBA-induced mammary carcinogenesis.

Download Full-text

Manniophyton fulvum extract attenuates sodium nitroprusside induced oxidative stress in wistar rats

International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology ◽

10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20195262 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (12) ◽

pp. 2592

Author(s):

Dokubo Awolayeofori ◽

Nwaokezi Chris Obi ◽

Okwakpam Felicia Nnenna

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Body Weight ◽

Sodium Nitroprusside ◽

Aqueous Extract ◽

Cellular Localization ◽

Control Group ◽

Root Extract ◽

Group A ◽

Group B

Background: Sodium nitroprusside (SNP) is an antihypertensive agent. It induces toxicity via the release of cyanide ions, nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species. Manniophyton fulvum (MF) is commonly used in Nigeria due to its therapeutic and nutritional potentials. This study evaluates the phytochemical composition of aqueous extract of MF root and influence in SNP induced oxidative stress in wistar rats.Methods: Gas chromatography was used for determination of the chemical composition of aqueous extract of MF root. Rat liver homogenate was used for determination of rhodanese, glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA). Twenty (20) rats were randomly divided into four different groups comprising five animals (n=5). Control (Group A), Groups B, C, D received 2.5 mg/kg body weight of SNP at intervals of three hours per day by intraperitoneal injection. In addition, Groups C and D received 200 mg/kg body weight of aqueous root extract of MF and 10 mg/kg body weight of Vitamin E respectively for a period of seven days.Results: Flavonoids had the highest composition while allicin had the lowest composition. Diallyl thiosulphinate>methyl allyl thiosulphinate >allyl methyl thiosulphinate. The activity of rhodanese, GSH and MDA concentrations showed that Group B had significant (p<0.05) increase in MDA concentration while GSH showed significant (p<0.05) decrease. Also, the activity of rhodanese showed significant (p<0.05) decrease compared to Group A. However, Groups C and D showed significant increase (p<0.05) in the activity of rhodanese enzyme compared to Group A and Group B. GSH levels of Group C and Group D showed no significant (p>0.05) difference while the MDA concentration showed significant (p<0.05) decrease. Correlation analysis between rhodanese and GSH showed strong significant (p=0.01, r=0.894) positive correlation.Conclusions: It can be deduced that the chemical components of aqueous extract of MF may serve as a pharmacological agent for molecular targets to up regulate detoxification and cytoprotective enzymes. Cellular localization of rhodanese enzyme can be induced by aqueous extract of MF root to collaborate with GSH and promote inhibition of lipid peroxidation, anti-oxidative reactions and up regulate cyanide detoxification in tissues.

Download Full-text

Intervention effect of fucoxanthin supplementation on cadmium-induced thyroid injury in mice

10.21203/rs.3.rs-21714/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Haoyue Yan ◽

Ronge Xing ◽

Song Liu ◽

Pengcheng Li

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Therapeutic Potential ◽

Day Treatment ◽

Pure Water ◽

Negative Control Group ◽

Negative Control ◽

Exposed Group ◽

Control Group ◽

Protective Effects ◽

Intervention Effect

Abstract Background: The Intervention effect of fucoxanthin, which is reportedly a powerful antioxidant, on cadmium-induced thyroid damage in mice was evaluated.Methods: Animals (N = 120) were divided into control group (given pure water, N=20) and CdCl-exposed group (given CdCl orally at a dose of 30 mg/kg body weight (bw)/day for 30 days, N=100). Besides, the CdCl-exposed group were divided into following 5 groups (N=20) to evaluate the intervention effect of fucoxanthin: 1) negative control group (NCG, animals were supplied with pure water); 2) positive control group (PCG, animals were supplied with 50 mg/kg bw/day thyroid tablets); 3) low fucoxanthin concentration group (F1, animals were supplied with 10 mg/kg bw/day fucoxanthin); 4)medium fucoxanthin concentration group (F2, animals were supplied with 25 mg/kg bw/day fucoxanthin); 5) high fucoxanthin concentration groups (F3, animals were supplied with 50 mg/kg bw/day fucoxanthin). A 14-day treatment was conducted for these animals. The levels of T4, T3, MDA, APX and CAT were measured, and the expression levels of Bax, Bcl-2, ERK1, ERK2, MEK1, eIf2α, p-eIf2α, GRP78 and GRP94 genes were determined using real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reactions (RT-PCR). In addition, tissue histopathology and ultrastructure were recorded and analyzed.Results: We found that injection of cadmium chloride (CdCl) decreased blood T4 and T3 levels to 27.10 ng/ml and 837.74 pg/ml, respectively. In addition, CdCl intoxication induced oxidative stress, structural abnormalities and apoptosis in thyroid follicles. Our results showed that treatment of CaCl-exposed mice with 25-50 mg/kg bw/day fucoxanthin appreciably decreased oxidative stress and apoptosis induced by CdCl, and restored the microstructural and ultrastructural organisation of the thyroid gland towards normalcy. Compared with the negative control group, fucoxanthin treatment groups showed significantly upregulated T4 and T3 levels (52.17 ng/ml and 1669.18 ng/ml, respectively; P ＜ 0.05), relieved oxidative stress by decreasing Malondialdehyde (MDA) level and increasing Catalase (CAT) and Ascorbate Peroxidase (APX) levels, and increased apoptosis inhibition through inhibiting the ERK1/2 pathway and preventing endoplasmic reticulum stress in thyroid follicular epithelial cells.Conclusion: Herein, our study provides evidence of the protective effects of fucoxanthin supplementation against thyroid damage, and suggests therapeutic potential of this pigment in cases of Cd intoxication and hypothyroidism.

Download Full-text