scholarly journals Key Potentials of mHealth for Community-Based Early Detection of Cardiovascular Disease During the COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kemal Nazarudin Siregar ◽  
Rico Kurniawan ◽  
Ryza Jazid BaharuddinNur ◽  
Dion Zein Nuridzin ◽  
Yolanda Handayani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Detection Mechanism ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Personalized Health

Abstract Background The epidemiological transition from infectious to non-communicable disease (NCD) is characterized by an increasing incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has led to a significant decline in NCD screening and treatment activities in health centers. This study aims to revive and expand the coverage of NCD control programs, from the elderly to productive age groups, through the use of mHealth for the early detection of CVD, which is also provides health promotion media that is easily accessible. Methods This research is an operational study to develop a community-based early detection mechanism for CVD using mHealth during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Babakan Madang sub-district, Bogor district. Results The use of the mHealth application supported by community participation is proven to be able to reach the productive age population significantly (87.1%) in the Babakan Madang sub-district. The mHealth application simplifies CVD risk predictions so that it can be used by the public during the COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusion This application is also very well accepted by the community and is able to provide personalized health promotions.

scholarly journals Potentials of community-based early detection of cardiovascular disease risk during the COVID-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kemal Nazarudin Siregar ◽  
Rico Kurniawan ◽  
Ryza Jazid BaharuddinNur ◽  
Dion Zein Nuridzin ◽  
Yolanda Handayani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Screening Tools ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Community Activities ◽  
Community Acceptance

Abstract Background The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has led to a significant decline in Non Communicable Diseases (NCD) screening and early detection activities, especially Cardiovascular Disease (CVD). This study aims to assess the potential of community-based self-screening of CVD risk through the mhealth application. Methods This is operational research by actively involving the community to carry out self-screening through the mHealth application. Community health workers were recruited as facilitators who encourage the community to carry out self-screening. To evaluate the potential of community-based self-screening of CVD risk, we use several indicators: responses rate, level of CVD risk, and community acceptance. Results Of the 846 individuals reached by the cadres, 53% or 442 individuals carried out self-screening. Based on the results of self-screening of CVD risk, it is known that around 21.3% are at high risk of developing CVD in the next 10 years. The results of the evaluation of semi-structured questions showed that about 48% of the people had positive impressions, 22% assessed that this self-screening could increase awareness and was informative, 3% suggested improvements to self-screening tools. Conclusion Cadres play an important role in reaching and facilitating the community in their environment to remain aware of their health conditions by conducting self-screening of CVD risk. The availability of the mHealth application that the public can easily access can simplify CVD risk prediction and expand screening coverage, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic, where there are social restrictions policies and community activities.

scholarly journals Association of Blood Cadmium with Cardiovascular Disease in Korea: From the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2008–2013 and 2016

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (17) ◽  
pp. 6288
Author(s):  
Jihyun Jeong ◽  
Sang-moon Yun ◽  
Minkyeong Kim ◽  
Young Ho Koh
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
National Health ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Korean Population ◽  
Nutrition Examination Survey ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Blood Cadmium

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death globally, although the mortality rate has declined with improved technology and risk factor control. The incidence rate of stroke, one of the CVDs, is increasing in young adults, whereas it is decreasing in the elderly. The risk factors for CVD may differ between young adults and the elderly. Previous studies have suggested that cadmium was a potential CVD risk factor in the overall and middle-aged to elderly populations. We assessed the associations between cadmium and CVD events in the Korean population aged 20–59 years using the 2008–2013 and 2016 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES), a population-based cross-sectional study. Among 10,626 participants aged 20–59 years, those with high blood cadmium (BCd) level (>1.874 µg/L, 90th percentile) were higher associated with stroke and hypertension (stroke: odds ratio (OR), 2.39; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.03–5.56; hypertension: OR, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.20–1.76). The strongest association between high blood cadmium concentrations and hypertension was among current smokers. Ischemic heart disease (IHD) was not associated with high blood cadmium level. These findings suggest that high blood cadmium levels may be associated with prevalent stroke and hypertension in the Korean population under 60 years of age.

scholarly journals Net benefit of statins for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease in people 75 years or older: a benefit–harm balance modeling study

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 204062231987774 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henock G. Yebyo ◽  
Hélène E. Aschmann ◽  
Dominik Menges ◽  
Cynthia M. Boyd ◽  
Milo A. Puhan
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Primary Prevention ◽  
Patient Preferences ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Exponential Model ◽  
Statistical Uncertainty ◽  
Net Benefit ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
History Of

Background: We determined the risk thresholds above which statin use would be more likely to provide a net benefit for people over the age of 75 years without history of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Methods: An exponential model was used to estimate the differences in expected benefit and harms in people treated with statins over a 10-year horizon versus not treated. The analysis was repeated 100,000 times to consider the statistical uncertainty and produce a distribution of the benefit–harm balance index from which we determined the 10-year CVD risk threshold where benefits outweighed the harms. We considered treatment estimates from trials and observational studies, baseline risks, patient preferences, and competing risks of non-CVD death, and statistical uncertainty. Results: Based on average preferences, statins were more likely to provide a net benefit at a 10-year CVD risk of 24% and 25% for men aged 75–79 years and 80–84 years, respectively, and 21% for women in both age groups. However, these thresholds varied significantly depending on differences in individual patient preferences for the statin-related outcomes, with interquartile ranges of 21–33% and 23–36% for men aged 75–79 years and 80–84 years, respectively, as well as 20–32% and 21–32% for women aged 75–79 years and 80–84 years, respectively. Conclusions: Statins would more likely provide a net benefit for primary prevention in older people taking the average preferences if their CVD risk is well above 20%. However, the thresholds could be much higher or lower depending on preferences of individual patients, which suggests more emphasis should be placed on individual-based decision-making, instead of recommending statins for everyone based on a single or a small number of thresholds.

scholarly journals The Impact of Non-optimum Ambient Temperature on Years of Life Lost: A Multi-county Observational Study in Hunan, China

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (8) ◽  
pp. 2699
Author(s):  
Ling-Shuang Lv ◽  
Dong-Hui Jin ◽  
Wen-Jun Ma ◽  
Tao Liu ◽  
Yi-Qing Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Cold Temperature ◽  
Years Of Life Lost ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
Preventative Measures ◽  
The Impact

The ambient temperature–health relationship is of growing interest as the climate changes. Previous studies have examined the association between ambient temperature and mortality or morbidity, however, there is little literature available on the ambient temperature effects on year of life lost (YLL). Thus, we aimed to quantify the YLL attributable to non-optimum ambient temperature. We obtained data from 1 January 2013 to 31 December 2017 of 70 counties in Hunan, China. In order to combine the effects of each county, we used YLL rate as a health outcome indicator. The YLL rate was equal to the total YLL divided by the population of each county, and multiplied by 100,000. We estimated the associations between ambient temperature and YLL with a distributed lag non-linear model (DNLM) in a single county, and then pooled them in a multivariate meta-regression. The daily mean YLL rates were 22.62 y/(p·100,000), 10.14 y/(p·100,000) and 2.33 y/(p·100,000) within the study period for non-accidental, cardiovascular, and respiratory disease death. Ambient temperature was responsible for advancing a substantial fraction of YLL, with attributable fractions of 10.73% (4.36–17.09%) and 16.44% (9.09–23.79%) for non-accidental and cardiovascular disease death, respectively. However, the ambient temperature effect was not significantly for respiratory disease death, corresponding to 5.47% (−2.65–13.60%). Most of the YLL burden was caused by a cold temperature than the optimum temperature, with an overall estimate of 10.27% (4.52–16.03%) and 15.94% (8.82–23.05%) for non-accidental and cardiovascular disease death, respectively. Cold and heat temperature-related YLLs were higher in the elderly and females than the young and males. Extreme cold temperature had an effect on all age groups in different kinds of disease-caused death. This study highlights that general preventative measures could be important for moderate temperatures, whereas quick and effective measures should be provided for extreme temperatures.

scholarly journals Risk Factors of Cardiovascular Disease in Elderly in Guguak Kabupaten 50 Kota, West Sumatera, Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 348
Author(s):  
Debie Anggraini ◽  
Prima Adelin
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Central Obesity ◽  
Smoking Habit ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Modifiable Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Related Risk ◽  
Low Hdl

<p class="Default"><strong><em>Introduction</em></strong><em>: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major cause of death and disability worldwide. The most stringent primary CVD screening guidelines in developed countries use absolute CVD risk scores or coronary heart disease, such as Framingham or SCORE (Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation) there are two types of CVD risk factors namely modifiable risk factors and unmodified risk factors. <strong>The aim</strong> of the current study is to determine the profil of potentially modifiable and unmodified cardiovascular risk factors. <strong>Method</strong>: </em><em>This research consists of 41 elderly people which aged ≥ 60 years in Guguak, Kabupaten 50 Kota, West Sumatera, Indonesia. The data taken is modifiable risk factors consisting of diseases related risk factors </em><em>including blood pressure categories, lipid profile, central obesity, body mass index </em><em>and lifestyle related risk factors such as </em><em>smoking habit</em><em>. We also take data of unmodified risk factors such as age and gender</em><em>. <strong>The result</strong>: t</em><em>his study consists of 41 elderly people which aged ≥ 60 years in Guguak, Kabupaten 50 Kota, West Sumatera, Indonesia. The mean age of  elderly were 68</em><em>±</em><em>7.64861 years old that consisting of 29.3% men and 70.7% women, </em><em>34% of elderly with hypertension, the elderly with hypercholesterolemia 71%, hypertriglyceridemia 41%, and the elderly women with low HDL-C levels were 53%,  the elderly men with low HDL-C levels were 92%. <strong>Conclusion</strong><strong>: </strong>There are two types of risk factors CVD, modifiable risk factors and nonmodifiable risk factors. </em><em>The modifiable risk factors consisting of diseases related risk factors </em><em>including blood pressure categories, lipid profile, central obesity, body mass index </em><em>and lifestyle related risk factors such as </em><em>smoking habit.</em></p>

Systematic review of diabetes mellitus prevalence and determinants of early detection in Africa

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Dariya Mukamusoni ◽  
Eleazar Ndabarora
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Community Based Interventions ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Mesh Terms ◽  
And Control ◽  
Prevalence Of Diabetes Mellitus

Several studies have reported dramatic increase of the prevalence of diabetes mellitus in Africa, and barriers to early detection and treatment, which are cost-effective strategies to prevent and control diabetes mellitus and combat its morbidity and premature mortality. The paper aimed to review the literature on the prevalence of diabetes mellitus and determinants of early detection in Africa. MeSH terms in the PUBMED Medline, LISTA (EBSCO), Cochrane, and Google Scholar in order to identify recent literature published from the year 2012 to 2017. Seven articles were reviewed, and high increase of the prevalence of diabetes mellitus in Africa was found. Evidences of cost-effectiveness with early detection and treatment were found; however, early detection is hindered by several factors that need to be addressed. In addition, the paucity of articles on early detection of diabetes mellitus and community-based prevention and control programs was observed. There is an increasing prevalence of diabetes mellitus in Africa, and there is paucity of evidences on the determinants of early detection and treatment program. Operational studies and community-based interventions aiming to community sensation and screening for diabetes mellitus are highly recommended.

scholarly journals On the relative role of different age groups during epidemics associated with the respiratory syncytial virus

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Goldstein ◽  
H. H. Nguyen ◽  
P. Liu ◽  
C. Viboud ◽  
C.A. Steiner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Relative Role ◽  
Contact Rates ◽  
Hospitalization Rates ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Using Data

AbstractBackgroundWhile RSV circulation results in high burden of hospitalization, particularly among infants, young children and the elderly, little is known about the role of different age groups in propagating annual RSV epidemics in the community.MethodsDuring a communicable disease outbreak, some subpopulations may play a disproportionate role during the outbreak's ascent due to increased susceptibility and/or contact rates. Such subpopulations can be identified by considering the proportion that cases in a subpopulation represent among all cases in the population occurring before (Bp) and after the epidemic peak (Ap) to calculate the subpopulation's relative risk, RR=Bp/Ap. We estimated RR for several age groups using data on RSV hospitalizations in the US between 2001-2012 from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP).ResultsChildren aged 3-4y and 5-6y each had the highest RR estimate for 5/11 seasons in the data, with RSV hospitalization rates in infants being generally higher during seasons when children aged 5-6y had the highest RR estimates. Children aged 2y had the highest RR estimate during one season. RR estimates in infants and individuals aged 11y and older were mostly lower than in children aged 1-10y.ConclusionsThe RR estimates suggest that preschool and young school-age children have the leading relative roles during RSV epidemics. We hope that those results will aid in the design of RSV vaccination policies.

scholarly journals Under-utilisation of preventive medication in patients with cardiovascular disease is greatest in younger age groups (PREDICT-CVD 15)

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suneela Mehta ◽  
Sue Wells ◽  
Tania Riddell ◽  
Andrew Kerr ◽  
Romana Pylypchuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Primary Care ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
International Studies ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Computerised Decision Support System ◽  
Preventive Medication ◽  
Pressure Lowering ◽  
Study Population

INTRODUCTION: Blood pressure–lowering (BPL) and lipid-lowering (LL) medications together reduce estimated absolute five-year cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk by >40%. International studies indicate that the proportion of people with CVD receiving pharmacotherapy increases with advancing age. AIM: To compare BPL and LL medications, by sociodemographic characteristics, for patients with known CVD in primary care settings. METHODS: The study population included patients aged 35–74 with known CVD assessed in primary care from July 2006 to October 2009 using a web-based computerised decision support system (PREDICT) for risk assessment and management. Clinical data linked anonymously to national sociodemographic and pharmaceutical dispensing databases. Differences in dispensing BPL and LL medications in six months before first PREDICT assessment was analysed according to age, sex, ethnicity and deprivation. RESULTS: Of 7622 people with CVD, 1625 < 55 years old, 2862 were women and 4609 lived in deprived areas (NZDep quintiles 4/5). The study population included 4249 European, 1556 Maori, 1151 Pacific and 329 Indian peoples. BPL medications were dispensed to 81%, LL medications to 73%, both BPL and LL medications to 67%, and 87% received either class of medication. Compared with people aged 65–75, people aged 35–44 were 30–40% less likely and those aged 45–54 were 10–15% less likely to be dispensed BPL, LL medications or both. There were minimal differences in likelihood of dispensing according to sex, ethnicity or deprivation. DISCUSSION: BPL and LL medications are under-utilised in patients with known CVD in New Zealand. Only two-thirds of patients in this cohort are on both. Younger patients are considerably less likely to be on recommended medications. KEYWORDS: Cardiovascular diseases; drug therapy; secondary prevention; primary health care; demography

scholarly journals Prevalence of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Vologda Oblast Districts

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-68
Author(s):  
N. Kh. Svanadze ◽  
R. A. Kasimov ◽  
A. A. Orlovsky ◽  
N. V. Lazareva
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
World Health ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Vologda Oblast ◽  
Incidence And Mortality

Relevance. There are large regional disparities in prevalence of non-communicable disease risk factors, as well as in the cardiovascular disease (CVD) incidence and mortality rates in Russian Federation (RF). Aim. To demonstrate the disparities in prevalence of CVD risk factors between Vologda Oblast districts. Materials and methods. Databases created in 2009 at the State-financed health institution of the Vologda Oblast «Vologda Regional Center for Medical Prevention», based on the results of a survey conducted within the framework of the World Health Organization CINDI program. CINDI questionnaire; cross-sectional study; the data was processed using R programming language and the Statistica software package 12. Results. The most common behavioral CVD risk factors in different Vologda Oblast districts included inadequate fruits and vegetables consumption (30–90%) and alcohol abuse (40–80%); hypertension (40–60%), overweight and obesity (30–55%) were the most frequent biological CVD risk factors; the most prevalent socio-economic risk factors included low education level (75–90%) and unemployment (20–40%). Participants residing in rural municipalities differed from urban okrugs (cities) dwellers in a higher prevalence of smoking (p < 0.01), alcohol abuse (p < 0.001), inadequate fruits and vegetables consumption (p < 0.0001), overweight and obesity (p < 0.05), unemployment (p < 0.0001), low education level (p < 0.0001), as well as a low overall assessment of their health (p < 0.05). Conclusions. We detected disparities in CVD risk factors prevalence between Vologda Oblast districts in 2009. Both behavioral and biological CVD risk factors were more common in participants from rural municipalities. The CVD risk factors distribution between the RF subjects’ districts requires further scientific research.

scholarly journals The Bisphenol F and Bisphenol S and Cardiovascular disease: results from NHANES 2013-2016

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruihua wang ◽  
Qiaoyuan Fei ◽  
Shan Liu ◽  
Xueqiong Weng ◽  
Huanzhu Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Bisphenol S ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Exposure Effect ◽  
Kernel Machine ◽  
Bisphenol F ◽  
Health And Nutrition

Abstract Background Bisphenol F (BPF) and bisphenol S (BPS) are replacing bisphenol A (BPA) in the manufacturing of products containing polycarbonates and epoxy resins, however, the effects of these substitutes on the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) have not been assessed. Objective To examine the association of urinary BPS and BPF with the CVD risk in a U.S. representative population. Method A cross-sectional data with 1,266 participants aged 20 to 80 years from the 2013–2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) was analyzed. The logistic regression was used to assess the association between BPF, BPS and CVD. The Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) model was applied to assess the mixed effect. Results A total of 138 patients with CVD were identified. After adjusting for potential confounding factors, T3 concentration of BPS increased the risk of total CVD (OR: 1.98, 95%CI: 1.20–3.28). When stratified by age, we found that BPS increased the risk of CVD in the 50–80 age groups (OR:1.40, 95%CI: 1.05–1.87). BPS was positively associated with the risk of stroke and T3 of BPS increased the stroke risk by 3.46 times (95%CI: 1.09–10.95). No significant association was observed between BPF and CVD. Although BKMR model did not identify the mixed exposure effect of BPS, the risk of CVD increased, with the increase of compound concentration. Conclusion Our results suggest that BPS may increase the risk of total CVD and stroke in the U.S population, and prospective studies are needed to confirm the results.

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