scholarly journals Radiation Modification and Characterization of Polyvinyl alchohol/Starch/Citric Acid/Glycerol Bioblend Film

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashraf M. Abdel Ghaffar ◽  
H. E. Ali
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Citric Acid ◽  
Water Resistance ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
Packaging Films ◽  
Potential Development ◽  
Radiation Modification

Abstract The blending of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) with starch with different content of citric acid as crosslinker and glycerol as plasticizer were performed by casting method. The hydroxyl groups of PVA and Starch react with the citric acid (1 %) and glycerol (10 vol %) to form crosslinked network. The FTIR spectral analyses show the successful preparation of the different composition of the prepared PVA/ Starch /Citric acid/Glycerol bioblend films. It is found that the prepared PVA/ Starch /Citric acid/Glycerol with composition (2:1:1/10 vol %) bioblend film characterized by higher water resistance, good mechanical and higher thermal stability than other prepared bioblend films. The using of gamma radiation improved and modified water resistance property were the water uptake at equilibrium reduced remarkably at dose of 10 kGy. Also the thermal stability increased as irradiation dose increased up to dose of 30 kGy The improved mechanical and thermal properties of the selected PVA/ Starch /Citric acid/Glycerol with composition (2:1:1/10 vol %) bioblend film were compared with LDPE and PP packaging films and found to be competitive to the these commercially packaging films which are also nonbiodegradable synthetic polymers than the prepared selected PVA/ Starch /Citric acid/Glycerol with composition (2:1:1/10 vol %) bioblend film. Hence this study can be represent potential development of low cost-effective and modified PVA/ Starch /Citric acid/Glycerol with composition (2:1:1/10 vol %) bioblend film that characterized by several advantages over the commercially available petrochemical films and can be used in different applications such as packaging industry.

Effect of Coal Structure on Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Coal Filled Soy Protein Composites

2011 ◽  
Vol 236-238 ◽  
pp. 288-291
Author(s):  
Guang Heng Wang ◽  
An Ning Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Soy Protein ◽  
Water Resistance ◽  
Group Analysis ◽  
Surface Functional Group ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
Coal Rank ◽  
Coal Structure

Using different rank coals as filler, coal-soy protein isolate (SPI) composites were prepared by compression molding processing using glycerol as plasticizer. The structure of the coals used were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), ultimate analysis, and surface functional group analysis. The effects of coal structure on the mechanical properties, water resistance, and thermal properties were investigated. The results showed that, in different rank coals, the atomic ratio of oxygen to carbon, carboxylic acid groups, phenolic hydroxyl groups, lactone bonds, and aliphatic chains decreased with coal rank. The strength, water resistance, and glass transition temperature of coal-SPI composites decreased with coal rank. Lower ran coal filler with more reactive functional groups caused the composites strong but brittle. While, higher rank coals provide poor mechanical properties for the composites.

Synthesis and characterization of alicyclic two-component waterborne polyurethane

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 315-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jizhi Zhang ◽  
Xiankai Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Water Resistance ◽  
Aqueous Dispersion ◽  
Waterborne Polyurethane ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Two Component ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to synthesize and characterize a series of alicyclic two-component waterborne polyurethane (2K-WPU) which is composed of non-ionic polyisocyanate aqueous dispersion and hydroxyl aqueous dispersion. Design/methodology/approach The appearances of aqueous dispersions and 2K-WPU films were observed by photographs. The micromorphology of alicyclic polyisocyanate aqueous dispersion was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The molecule structures of WPU were studied by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR). The effect of NCO:OH molar ratio of two components and trimethylolpropane (TMP) content on the thermal stability, mechanical and water resistance properties of 2K-WPU films was studied. Findings It was found by SEM that alicyclic polyisocyanate particles in aqueous dispersion showed a kind of spherical particle appearance, in which hydrophobic polyisocyanate was encapsulated by hydrophilic ether linkages segment. FTIR showed that WPU was polymerized through mixture of polyisocyanate component and hydroxyl component and increasing NCO:OH molar ratio of two components from 1.1:1 to 1.5:1 had increased the content of urea, urethane and allophanate of 2K-WPU films. Increasing NCO:OH molar ratio had improved the mechanical and thermal properties of the 2K-WPU film, but the water resistance of the 2K-WPU film increased first and then weakened. Increasing TMP contents from 1 to 0.75 mol for 1:5 system had improved the mechanical, thermal and water resistance properties of the 2K-WPU film. Practical implications The investigation established a method to prepare alicyclic 2K-WPU which is composed of non-ionic polyisocyanate aqueous dispersion and hydroxyl aqueous dispersion. The prepared 2K-WPU film could be applied in the field of waterborne surface coating, e.g. textile, wood and synthetic leather surfaces (Hasan et al., 2017; Akindoyo et al., 2016). Originality/value The paper established a method to synthesize alicyclic two-component 2K-WPU. The effect of NCO:OH molar ratio and TMP content on the thermal stability, mechanical and water resistance properties of 2K-WPU films were studied.

Preparation and Characterization of Citric Acid Modified Marigold Dregs Biosorbents

2011 ◽  
Vol 236-238 ◽  
pp. 895-898
Author(s):  
Yi Wang ◽  
Ting Zhang ◽  
Kun Jie Wang ◽  
De Yi Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Infrared Emission ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
High Adsorption ◽  
Adsorption Ability ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Adsorption Quantity

The objectives of this study were to convert marigold dregs to a cationic metal ions and dye adsorbent and further to investigate the potential of using the adsorbent for the removal of copper(Ⅱ) and methylene blue (MB) from effluents. The base washed marigold dregs and citric acid (CA) modified marigold dregs (MMD) were prepared and the structure were investigated by fourier transform infrared, emission scanning electron microscope and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The results show that the modification did not significantly change the morphology of the dregs surface structure but the esterificated reaction could increase the carboxyl groups and hydroxyl groups on the surface of the adsorbent. The adsorption ability are also evaluated by MB and copper(Ⅱ) and the results show the MMD is an excellent adsorbent. Due to the high adsorption quantity, it may be used as a low cost alternate adsorbent for the elimination of metal and dye ions form effluents.

scholarly journals Cellulose for the effective decontamination of water pollution

Bionatura ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 1150-1155
Author(s):  
Bryan Aldaz ◽  
Freddy Figueroa ◽  
Isaac Bravo
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Hydrophobic Organic Compounds ◽  
Ideal Agent ◽  
Synthetic Materials

The widespread industrialization, urbanization, and technological development have triggered the daily release of considerable amounts of pollutants, specifically in aquatic environments. Previous research and work-studies indicate the existence of defined properties, such as low cost, non-toxicity, biodegradability, reusability, and easy synthesis, preparation or extraction, which make a material an ideal agent for the remediation of water or the environment. Therefore, the scientific community has focused on the development and study of several novels, environmentally friendly, and cost-effective materials. Cellulose is the most abundant natural polymer encountered worldwide. Thereby, due to the unique biological properties that this biopolymer possesses, it has emerged as a potential candidate to replace synthetic materials for practical bioremediation of contaminated water. Furthermore, the presence of hydroxyl groups on its surface makes this biopolymer highly malleable, thus significantly enhancing its physicochemical properties by using a wide variety of functional groups and modification methods. The present review describes the different biopolymers useful for remediation of environmental pollution, explores in more detail the characteristics of cellulose and its promising applications in the decontamination of water pollution, and pays special attention to the removal of heavy metal ions, dyes, and hydrophobic organic compounds.

Water Resistance Modification of Magnesium Oxychloride Cement with H3PO4/Na2O·xSiO2·nH2O

2019 ◽  
Vol 814 ◽  
pp. 393-398
Author(s):  
Tian Ben Fan ◽  
Ya Fei Hao ◽  
Ling Xiao Li ◽  
Feng Qing Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Water Resistance ◽  
Moisture Absorption ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
High Mechanical Strength ◽  
Magnesium Oxychloride ◽  
Magnesium Oxychloride Cement ◽  
Softening Coefficient ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Oxychloride Cement

Magnesium oxychloride cement (MOC) possesses rapid hardening, high mechanical strength, abrasion resistance, low alkali and low corrosive performances. However, its disadvantages of poor water resistance, easily deformation, moisture absorption and halogenations limit the application. A low cost-effective modifier H3PO4/Na2O·xSiO2·nH2O was designed for MOC system. The results showed that the softening coefficient of the modified MOC reaches 0.988 by adding appropriate dosage of the modifier. Gelatinous substances in the modified MOC was produced after soaking in water, which effectively inhibit the hydrolysis of phase 5 (5Mg (OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O) and the formation of Mg (OH)2, thus improving the water resistance of MOC system. Keywords: Magnesium oxychloride cement; Water resistance; Phosphoric acid

scholarly journals A High-Performance and Low-Cost Soy Flour Adhesive with a Hydroxymethyl Melamine Prepolymer

Polymers ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 909 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meng Zhang ◽  
Yi Zhang ◽  
Mingsong Chen ◽  
Qiang Gao ◽  
Jianzhang Li
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Shear Strength ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Water Resistance ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Soy Flour ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Interpenetrating Network ◽  
Residual Rate ◽  
Rate Functions

To improve the performance of a soy flour (SF)-based adhesive, a low-cost hydroxymethyl melamine prepolymer (HMP) was synthesized and then used to modify the SF-based adhesive. The HMP was characterized, and the performance of the adhesive was evaluated, including its residual rate, functions, thermal stability, and fracture section. Plywood was fabricated to measure wet shear strength. The results indicated that the HMP preferentially reacted with polysaccharose in SF and formed a cross-linking network to improve the water resistance of the adhesive. This polysaccharose-based network also combined with the HMP self-polycondensation network and soy protein to form an interpenetrating network, which further improved the water resistance of the adhesive. With the addition of 9% HMP, the wet shear strength (63 °C) of the plywood was 1.21 MPa, which was 9.3 times that of the SF adhesive. With the HMP additive increased to 15%, the shear strength (100 °C) of the plywood was 0.79 MPa, which met the plywood requirement for exterior use (≥0.7 MPa) in accordance with Chinese National Standard (GB/T 9846.3-2004). With the addition of 9% and 15% HMP, the residual rates of the adhesive improved by 5.1% and 8.5%, respectively. The dense interpenetrating network structure improved the thermal stability of the resultant adhesive and created a compact fracture to prevent moisture intrusion, which further increased the water resistance of the adhesive.

ASSESSMENT OF THE PLATELET COUNT IN THE PREGNANT WOMEN IN IGIMS, PATNA, BIHAR

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanwi Singh ◽  
Anshuman Sinha
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Count ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Screening Test ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Platelet Indices ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Low Platelet Count ◽  
Severity Of The Disease

The major risk associated with low platelet count in pregnancy is the increased risk of bleeding during the childbirth or post that. There is an increased blood supply to the uterus during pregnancy and the surgical procedure requires cutting of major blood vessels. Women with thrombocytopenia are at increased risk of losing excessive blood. The risk is more in case of caesarean delivery as compared to vaginal delivery. Hence based on above findings the present study was planned for Assessment of the Platelet Count in the Pregnant Women in IGIMS, Patna, Bihar. The present study was planned in Department of Pathology, Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Science, Patna, Bihar, India. The present study was planned from duration of January 2019 to June 2019. In the present study 200 pregnant females samples received for the platelet estimation were enrolled in the present study. Clinically platelet indices can be a useful screening test for early identification of preeclampsia and eclampsia. Also platelet indices can assess the prognosis of this disease in pregnant women and can be used as an effective prognostic marker because it correlates with severity of the disease. Platelet count is a simple, low cost, and rapid routine screening test. Hence the data generated from the present study concludes that platelet count can be used as a simple and cost effective tool to monitor the progression of preeclampsia, thereby preventing complications to develop during the gestational period. Keywords: Platelet Count, Pregnant Women, IGIMS, Patna, Bihar, etc.

Janus – A New Approach to Air Combat Pilot Training

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (4) ◽  
pp. 7-22
Author(s):  
Georges Bridel ◽  
Zdobyslaw Goraj ◽  
Lukasz Kiszkowiak ◽  
Jean-Georges Brévot ◽  
Jean-Pierre Devaux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Training System ◽  
Embedded Sensors ◽  
Pilot Training ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Combat Aircraft ◽  
Air Combat ◽  
The Cost

Abstract Advanced jet training still relies on old concepts and solutions that are no longer efficient when considering the current and forthcoming changes in air combat. The cost of those old solutions to develop and maintain combat pilot skills are important, adding even more constraints to the training limitations. The requirement of having a trainer aircraft able to perform also light combat aircraft operational mission is adding unnecessary complexity and cost without any real operational advantages to air combat mission training. Thanks to emerging technologies, the JANUS project will study the feasibility of a brand-new concept of agile manoeuvrable training aircraft and an integrated training system, able to provide a live, virtual and constructive environment. The JANUS concept is based on a lightweight, low-cost, high energy aircraft associated to a ground based Integrated Training System providing simulated and emulated signals, simulated and real opponents, combined with real-time feedback on pilot’s physiological characteristics: traditionally embedded sensors are replaced with emulated signals, simulated opponents are proposed to the pilot, enabling out of sight engagement. JANUS is also providing new cost effective and more realistic solutions for “Red air aircraft” missions, organised in so-called “Aggressor Squadrons”.

Motivating Compliance: Firm Response to Mandatory Disclosure Policies

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-119
Author(s):  
Colleen M. Boland ◽  
Chris E. Hogan ◽  
Marilyn F. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Conflict Of Interest ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Policy Adoption ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Regulated Firms ◽  
Firm Response ◽  
Disclosure Rules ◽  
The Impact

SYNOPSIS Mandatory existence disclosure rules require an organization to disclose a policy's existence, but not its content. We examine policy adoption frequencies in the year immediately after the IRS required mandatory existence disclosure by nonprofits of various governance policies. We also examine adoption frequencies in the year of the subsequent change from mandatory existence disclosure to a disclose-and-explain regime that required supplemental disclosures about the content and implementation of conflict of interest policies. Our results suggest that in areas where there is unclear regulatory authority, mandatory existence disclosure is an effective and low cost regulatory device for encouraging the adoption of policies desired by regulators, provided those policies are cost-effective for regulated firms to implement. In addition, we find that disclose-and-explain regulatory regimes provide stronger incentives for policy adoption than do mandatory existence disclosure regimes and also discourage “check the box” behavior. Future research should examine the impact of mandatory existence disclosure rules in the year that the regulation is implemented. Data Availability: Data are available from sources cited in the text.

Azo (Hydrazone) pigments: general principles

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Christie
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Metal Salt ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Precipitation Process ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Technical Performance ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
General Chemical ◽  
Physical Form

Abstract This paper presents an overview of the general chemical principles underlying the structures, synthesis and technical performance of azo pigments, the dominant chemical class of industrial organic pigments in the yellow, orange, and red shade areas, both numerically and in terms of tonnage manufactured. A description of the most significant historical features in this group of pigments is provided, starting from the discovery of the chemistry on which azo colorants are based by Griess in the mid-nineteenth century, through the commercial introduction of the most important classical azo pigments in the early twentieth century, including products known as the Hansa Yellows, β-naphthol reds, including metal salt pigments, and the diarylide yellows and oranges, to the development in the 1950s and 1960s of two classes of azo pigments that exhibit high performance, disazo condensation pigments and benzimidazolone-based azo pigments. A feature that complicates the description of the chemical structures of azo pigments is that they exist in the solid state as the ketohydrazone rather than the hydroxyazo form, in which they have been traditionally been illustrated. Numerous structural studies conducted over the years on an extensive range of azo pigments have demonstrated this feature. In this text, they are referred to throughout as azo (hydrazone) pigments. Since a common synthetic procedure is used in the manufacture of virtually all azo (hydrazone) pigments, this is discussed in some detail, including practical aspects. The procedure brings together two organic components as the fundamental starting materials, a diazo component and a coupling component. An important reason for the dominance of azo (hydrazone) pigments is that they are highly cost-effective. The syntheses generally involve low cost, commodity organic starting materials and are carried out in water as the reaction solvent, which offers obvious economic and environmental advantages. The versatility of the approach means that an immense number of products may be prepared, so that they have been adapted structurally to meet the requirements of many applications. On an industrial scale, the processes are straightforward, making use of simple, multi-purpose chemical plant. Azo pigments may be produced in virtually quantitative yields and the processes are carried out at or below ambient temperatures, thus presenting low energy requirements. Finally, provided that careful control of the reaction conditions is maintained, azo pigments may be prepared directly by an aqueous precipitation process that can optimise physical form, with control of particle size distribution, crystalline structure, and surface character. The applications of azo pigments are outlined, with more detail reserved for subsequent papers on individual products.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document