scholarly journals Skin cancer risk factors among black South Africans — the Johannesburg Cancer Study, 1995–2016

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Babongile Confidence Ndlovu ◽  
Mazvita Sengayi-Muchengeti ◽  
Caradee Y Wright ◽  
Wenlong C Chen ◽  
Lazarus Kuonza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Skin Cancer ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Anatomical Site ◽  
Hiv Status ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Awareness Campaigns ◽  
Skin Cancers

Abstract Background The Black population is known to have lower risk for skin cancers due to melanin content of the skin. Regardless, skin cancers still occur in Black populations. The aim of this study was to identify risk factors associated with skin cancer among Blacks presenting at selected tertiary hospitals in Johannesburg, South Africa. Methods A case-control study was conducted; cases were patients with keratinocyte cancers (KCs) and/or melanoma skin cancer (MSC) and controls were cardiovascular patients. Socio-demographic exposures (sex and residency), environmental exposures (heating and cooking fuels), smoking, and HIV status were assessed. The proportions of cases by skin cancer major subtype, demographics, histological spectrum and anatomical site of distribution were determined. A stepwise (backward elimination) logistic regression was done to identify risk factors associated with KC and MSC. Results More KCs (n = 160) were found compared to MSCs (n = 101). The majority of both KCs and MSCs were reported in ages 51-60-years (27%). The median age at KC and MSC diagnosis was similar in both sexes; 50-years (IQR:38–57) and 56-years (IQR:48–68), respectively. The KC histological spectrum showed that there were more squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) (78/160 in females, and 72/160 in males) than basal cell carcinoma (BCC). The SCC lesions were mostly found on the skin of the head and neck in males (51%, 38/72) and on the trunk in females (46%, 36/78). MSC was shown to affect the skin of the lower limbs in both males (68%, 27/40) and females (59%, 36/61). Using females as the reference group, when age, current place of residency, type of cooking fuel used currently, smoking, and HIV status were adjusted for, males had an odds ratio (OR) of 2.04 for developing KC (CI:1.08–3.84, p = 0.028). Similarly, when age, current place of residency, place of cooking (indoors or outdoors) were adjusted for, males had an OR of 2.26 for developing MSC (CI:1.19–4.29, p = 0.012). Conclusions Differences in anatomical distribution of KCs by sex suggest different risk factors between sexes. Rural dwelling was a newly found association to skin cancer and warrants further investigation. This study highlights the importance of skin cancer awareness campaigns and interventions especially in rural areas.

scholarly journals Factors Associated with Skin Cancers in People with Albinism in Togo

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Abas Mouhari-Toure ◽  
Sefako Abla Akakpo ◽  
Julienne Noude Teclessou ◽  
Piham Gnossike ◽  
Saliou Adam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Skin Cancer ◽  
Analytical Study ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Upper Limbs ◽  
Actinic Keratoses ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Skin Cancers ◽  
Basal Cell Carcinomas

Objective. The aim of this study was to identify the factors associated with skin cancers in people with albinism (PWA) in Togo. Method. This is a retrospective analytical study of the records of PWA examined during five dermatological consultation campaigns from 2019 to 2021. Results. During the study period, 517 PWA were seen. Sixty-four (12.3%) of these PWA had presented with 137 cases of skin cancer. The sex ratio (M/F) was 0.9. The average age of PWA with skin cancer was 39.69 ± 15.61 years and that of PWA without skin cancer was 19.17 ± 15.24 years ( p ≤ 0.001 ). The 137 cases of skin cancers were dominated by basal cell carcinomas (45.9%). These skin cancers were located preferentially in the cephalic region (77 cases; 56.2%), followed by the upper limbs (33 cases; 24.1%). In multivariate analysis, the risk factors for skin cancers in PWA were age over 39 years ( p ≤ 0.001 ) and the presence of actinic keratoses ( p ≤ 0.001 ). In contrast, the presence of ephelides ( p = 0.018 ) was a protective factor. Conclusion. This study confirms that advanced age and actinic keratoses are risk factors for skin cancer in PWA, in connection with the cumulative role of solar radiation. Its originality lies in the identification of ephelides as a protective factor. The knowledge and consideration of these risk factors will make it possible to optimise strategies for the prevention of skin cancers in PWA.

scholarly journals Factores de riesgo asociados a distocias del mecanismo del parto en gestantes primíparas atendidas en el Hospital Dr. Verdi Cevallos Balda

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Olga Katherine Veintimilla Chinga ◽  
María Alicia Fernanda Ledezma Hurtado ◽  
Dadier Marrero González ◽  
Lizeet López ◽  
Hugo Loor Lino
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Modifiable Risk Factors ◽  
Maternal Complications ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Factores De Riesgo ◽  
Uterine Malformations ◽  
Delivery Mechanism

  Las distocias del mecanismo del parto en gestantes pueden generar consecuencias significativas tanto maternas como fetales y neonatales, existiendo diversos factores de riesgo asociados a dicha condición. La prevalencia de las distocias es variable para cada localidad, presentándose en el 0,3 % a de los casos. En este sentido, el objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar los principales factores de riesgo que se asocian a distocias del mecanismo del parto en gestantes primíparas atendidas en el Hospital Dr. Verdi Cevallos Balda. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y retrospectivo, con 250 embarazadas atendidas en el periodo de enero 2018 a diciembre 2019. Las distocias de los mecanismos del parto en primíparas en el Hospital Dr. Verdi Cevallos se presentaron con más frecuencia en las edades entre los 20 y 34 años, con grado de instrucción secundaria, y de zonas rurales. Los principales factores de riesgos modificables asociados a distocias fueron los controles prenatales insuficientes, sobrepeso y obesidad de las gestantes; además de ganancia de peso inadecuada durante el embarazo, bajo peso fetal, duración prolongada de la primera fase del trabajo de parto e inducción del mismo. Los factores de riesgos no modificables identificados fueron la presentación de cara, estrechez pélvica, malformaciones uterinas, hipertensión arterial como enfermedad crónica asociada, talla materna menor a 140 cm y parto prolongado de más de 20 horas. Las complicaciones maternas tuvieron una alta incidencia y dentro de ellas, las cesáreas fueron las más frecuentes, mientras que el distress respiratorio fue la complicación neonatal más presentada.   Palabras clave: Distocia, factores de riesgo, peso elevado, malformaciones uterinas, complicaciones.   Abstract Dystocia of the delivery mechanism in pregnant women can generate significant maternal, fetal and neonatal consequences, with various risk factors associated with this condition. The prevalence of dystocia is variable for each locality, occurring in 0.3% of cases. In this sense, the objective of this study was to determine the main risk factors associated with dystocia in the delivery mechanism in primiparous pregnant women treated at the Dr. Verdi Cevallos Balda Hospital. A descriptive and retrospective study was carried out, with 250 pregnant women seen in the period from January 2018 to December 2019. Dystocia of the labor mechanisms in primiparous women at the Dr. Verdi Cevallos Hospital occurred more frequently in the ages between 20 and 34 years old, with a secondary education degree, and from rural areas. The main modifiable risk factors associated with dystocia were insufficient prenatal care, overweight and obesity in pregnant women; as well as inadequate weight gain during pregnancy, low fetal weight, prolonged duration of the first phase of labor and its induction. The non-modifiable risk factors identified were face presentation, pelvic narrowing, uterine malformations, arterial hypertension as an associated chronic disease, maternal height less than 140 cm and prolonged labor of more than 20 hours. Maternal complications had a high incidence and within them, caesarean sections were the most frequent, while respiratory distress was the most common neonatal complication.   Keywords: Dystocia, risk factors, high weight, uterine malformations, complications.

scholarly journals Prevalence and associated factors for Pterygium in Han and Mongolian adults: across-sectional study in inner Mongolian, China

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuhan Wang ◽  
Guangliang Shan ◽  
Linyang Gan ◽  
Yonggang Qian ◽  
Ting Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Protective Factors ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Inner Mongolia ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Study Cohort ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Background: To investigate the prevalence of and factors associated with pterygium in Han and Mongolian adults at four survey sites in Inner Mongolia, China. Methods: A population-based, cross-sectional study was conducted. Using a stratified sampling method, we eventually included 2,651 participants of at least30 years of age from a total of 3,468 eligible residents. Factors associated with pterygium were analysed using univariate analysis and logistic regression models. Results: There were 1,910 Han adults and 741 Mongolian adults included in this study. The mean± standard deviation of age for individuals in the study cohort was 48.93±11.06 years. The overall prevalence of pterygium was 6.4% (n=169), and the prevalences of bilateral and unilateral pterygium were 1.4% (n=38) and 4.8% (n=128), respectively. The most common grade of pterygium was Grade 2. After univariate analysis, eleven factors were considered in a multivariate analysis. The results indicated that age (P<0.001), education level (P<0.001), outdoor occupation (P=0.026), and time spent in rural areas (P<0.001) were significantly associated with pterygium, whereas gender and ethnicity were not risk factors. In subgroup analysis, BMI≥28 was a protective factor for Han individuals (OR 0.42, 95% CI 0.21-0.81, P=0.01), but a risk factor for Mongolian individuals (OR 2.39, 95% CI 1.02-5.58, P=0.044). The BF% in Han and Mongolian individuals had significant difference (P<0.001). Conclusions: Our results indicated that an outdoor occupation, old age and time spent in rural areas are risk factors for pterygium in Inner Mongolia. Living near an urban survey site (Hohhot and Tsining District) and having a higher education level are protective factors for pterygium. Ethnicity, gender, smoking, diabetes and high blood pressure are not associated with pterygium. Different dietary structures in Han and Mongolian adults may lead to different fat content of body and therefore contributes to the prevalence of pterygium. Keywords: Pterygium, prevalence, Han and Mongolian, risk factors, protective factors

scholarly journals Toxoplasma gondii antibodies on domiciled cats from Lages municipality, Santa Catarina State, Brazil

2010 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 268-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciana Dalla Rosa ◽  
Anderson Barbosa de Moura ◽  
Natascha Trevisani ◽  
Alessandra Pereira Medeiros ◽  
Amélia Aparecida Sartor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Santa Catarina ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Immunofluorescent Antibody ◽  
Indirect Immunofluorescent ◽  
Immunofluorescent Antibody Test

Sera were collected from 300 domiciled cats from the municipality of Lages, Southern Brazil, to determine the prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii antibodies and risk factors associated. Tests for T. gondii antibodies were performed using indirect immunofluorescent antibody test (IFAT). Positive reactions with titers >1:64 were found in 43 (14.33%) cats. A significant number of seropositive cats were >6 month old (p = 0.03758) and had access to the streets or/and rural areas (p = 0.04185). The results indicate that T. gondii is widespread in cats in Lages with a prevalence of 14.33%.

scholarly journals The Influence of Risk Factors on the Choice of Therapeutic Method in Peripheral Arterial Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 31-34
Author(s):  
Oana Stoia ◽  
Ioan Maniţiu ◽  
Ioan Bitea ◽  
Gabriela Eminovici ◽  
Minodora Teodoru
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Peripheral Arterial Disease ◽  
Arterial Disease ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Hospital Treatment ◽  
High Cholesterol ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Peripheral Arterial ◽  
Existing Data

Abstract Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is characterized by obstruction in the lower limbs, mainly due to atherosclerosis. The prevalence of the pathology in people under 40 years of age is 6% and 15-20% in the population over 65 years old.(1,2) Approximately 50% of the affected persons are, at the time of examination, asymptomatic.(3) The most important risk factors associated with this condition are smoking, diabetes mellitus (DM), high cholesterol and high blood pressure (HBP). The current study shows that, regardless of the association of risk factors or pre-hospital treatment, these patients do not benefit from a certain type of treatment (drug or interventional), which corresponds to the existing data in the literature, which do not document the choice of type of treatment depending on the patient’s age or comorbidities.

scholarly journals Chronic bronchitis in Aboriginal people—prevalence and associated factors

2013 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 218-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Konrad ◽  
A Hossain ◽  
A Senthilselvan ◽  
JA Dosman ◽  
MD Pahwa
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
First Nations ◽  
Chronic Bronchitis ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Aboriginal People ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Aboriginal Peoples ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated

Introduction Knowledge about chronic bronchitis (CB) among Aboriginal people in Canada is limited. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of CB and its associated factors among Aboriginal people aged 15 years plus. Methods Logistic regression analysis was used on data from the cross-sectional 2006 Aboriginal Peoples Survey to determine risk factors associated with CB. Results CB prevalence was 6.6% among First Nations, 6.2% among Métis and 2.4% among Inuit. Prevalence was higher among females than males (7.2% versus 5.0%). Individuals with CB were more likely to be older, living at a lower income, with a lower educational attainment and residing in rural areas. Smoking status and body mass index were also significantly associated with CB, but their effect differed by sex. Obesity was particularly significantly associated with CB among females compared with males, and current smoking and non-smoking status was significantly associated with CB among females but not males. Conclusion These findings identify factors associated with CB among Aboriginal people. As such, they may represent potentially preventable risk factors that can inform health promotion and disease prevention practices.

scholarly journals Obesity and associated risk factors in adolescents in rural areas of Buryatia, Russia

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 42-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lyubov V. Rychkova ◽  
Zhanna G. Ajurova ◽  
Anna V. Pogodina
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Dietary Pattern ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Skilled Worker ◽  
Anthropometric Measures ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated

Background: According to WHO forecasts, childhood obesity can soon become equally dangerous to public health as malnutrition and infectious diseases. Elimination of modifiable risk factors is important for the disease and disease-associated complications prevention. At the same time it is shown that the risk factors can vary widely not only from country to country but also from area to area within one country. Aim: To establish risk factors associated with obesity in adolescents in rural areas of Buryatia, Russia. Materials and methods: The cross-sectional study included 1117 year old adolescents with normal weight (BMI 2575 percentile) and obesity (BMI 95 percentile). We assessed anthropometric measures of adolescents and their parents, sociodemographic characteristics, early-life exposures, eating and lifestyle patterns. Results: The study included 128 adolescents with normal weight and 72 adolescents with obesity. Both groups were comparable by sex, age and ethnicity. Factors, associated with obesity in rural adolescents, were: parents obesity (odds ratio (OR) 3.63 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.926.87); the mothers body mass index (OR 1.17 (95% CI 1.11.25)); duration of breast-feeding less than 4 months (OR 2.42 (95% CI 1.145.13)); disturbed dietary pattern (OR 2.54 (95% CI 1.15.88)). Factors showing protective effect were total breast-feeding duration (OR 0.94 (95% CI 0.890.99)) and mothers employment as a skilled worker (OR 0.51 (95% CI 0.270.96)). Conclusions: Characteristics of family (obesity in parents, mothers BMI), breast-feeding less than 4 months and the disturbed dietary pattern are the risk factors associated with obesity in adolescents living in rural areas of Buryatia which are worth considering when local obesity prevention programs are being developed.

scholarly journals Risk Factors for Acute Respiratory Infections in Children Between 0 and 23 Months of Age in a Peri-Urban District in Pakistan: A Matched Case–Control Study

2022 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatima Mir ◽  
Shabina Ariff ◽  
Maria Bhura ◽  
Suhail Chanar ◽  
Apsara Ali Nathwani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Childhood Mortality ◽  
Urban District ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Matched Case ◽  
Matched Case Control Study ◽  
Control Study

Background: Acute respiratory infection (ARI) accounts for nearly 15% of all childhood mortality in South Asia, with children from rural areas at higher risk due to inaccessibility to healthcare facilities. We therefore aimed to identify risk factors associated with ARI in children under 2 years of age in rural Pakistan.Methods: A retrospective 1:2 matched case–control study was conducted between October and December 2018 in Taluka Kotri, Jamshoro District of Pakistan. Cases were identified as children between 0 and 23 months of age with a history of fever, cough, sore throat, fast breathing, difficulty breathing, or chest indrawing in the 2 weeks prior to the survey. Controls were participants without symptoms of ARI, matched based on age in months. Data analysis was conducted using STATA version 15. Univariate and multivariable conditional logistic regression analyses were used to identify factors associated with ARI, and p &lt; 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: We identified 1,071 cases of ARI who were matched with 2,142 controls. Multivariable analysis revealed that female gender [odds ratio (OR) 0.78, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.67–0.91], exclusive breastfeeding (OR 0.81, 95% CI: 0.69–0.97), and comorbidity with diarrhea (OR: 1.64, 95% CI: 1.40–1.91) were significantly associated with ARI.Conclusion: Pakistan continues to progress toward reducing childhood mortality, particularly ARI-related deaths, for which it bears a great burden. This study identifies risk factors such as the male gender, breastfeeding, and comorbidities with diarrhea, which could open grounds for further programmatic implications in targeting a multifaceted approach to reducing incidences of ARI in rural areas of the country.

scholarly journals Prevalence, Awareness and Risk Factors of Hypertension among Public Sector Workers Aged 40 Years and above in the Tamale Metropolis of Ghana

2021 ◽  
pp. 202-213
Author(s):  
Mishio Bawa Elijah ◽  
Mensah-Onumah Deborah ◽  
Julius Tieroyaare Dongdem ◽  
Cletus Adiyaga Wezena
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽  
Hypertension Status ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Awareness Campaigns ◽  
Physical Measurements ◽  
Tamale Metropolis

Aim: To determine the prevalence, awareness and risk factors associated with hypertension among adults. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Tamale Metropolis from January to March 2020. Methodology: 200 adults (101 men and 99 females) aged 40 years and above were recruited. Socio-demographic characteristics, anthropometric and blood pressure data of participants collected through face-to-face administered questionnaire and physical measurements were analyzed for prevalence, knowledge and awareness of hypertension. Binary and multivariate logistic regression was used to estimate the odds of association of risk factors with hypertension. Results: Overall age-standardized prevalence of hypertension was 46.00% (49.50% in males, 42.42% in females). The prevalence of both systolic and diastolic hypertension was higher in males than in females. 49.10% of hypertensive participants were unaware of their status at the time of this study and 83.3% of the hypertensive participants who were aware of their status were diagnosed incidentally. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed a significant positive association of being male [AOR = 2.39, (95% CI: 1.08–5.30)], aged between 50 – 65 years [AOR = 2.03, (95% CI: 1.03–4.01)], and being obese [AOR = 3.64, (95% CI: 1.43–9.29)] with hypertension. Being widowed [AOR = 0.06, (95% CI: 0.01–0.66)] was negatively associated with hypertension. Only obesity [AOR = 2.81, (95% CI: 1.29–6.14)] was independently associated with hypertension. Conclusion: Hypertension affects one in every two adults aged 40 years and above in the Tamale Metropolis of Ghana. Awareness of adult hypertension status in the Metropolis is very low with the most diagnoses of the disease occurring accidentally. Obesity, advancing age, being male and being widowed are risk factors associated with hypertension. The study suggests workplace BP screening and a scale-up of awareness campaigns in the Metropolis to curb the incidence of the disease and control associated risk factors.

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