scholarly journals Flood Hazards and Livelihood Vulnerability of Flood-Prone Farm Dependent Bait Households in Punjab, Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dilshad Ahmad ◽  
Muhammad Afzal
Keyword(s):  
Research Work ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Flood Hazards ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Income Sources ◽  
Empirical Estimates ◽  
Flood Disasters ◽  
Vulnerability Framework

Abstract Pakistan is one of the most climate change and natural disasters affected country of the world where livelihood and lives of inhabitants are often affected due to these disasters. In the scenario of various disasters and risks, flood disasters are the most recurrent hazards that causes Bait households livelihood more vulnerable. Hence this research work has focused to investigate livelihood vulnerability of flood-prone Bait households in southern Punjab of Pakistan. This study used multistage sampling technique for collection the cross sectional data of 398 flood disasters vulnerable Bait household’s respondents from three high risks flood-prone districts Muzaffargarh, Rajanpur and Rahim Yar Khan. Face to face interview procedure and well developed pre-tested questionnaire was used for data collection in this research work. This study applied vulnerability framework of LVI-IPCC and LVI in the direction of comparing the level of vulnerabilities in preferred three Bait district households. Empirical estimates of LVI major components and framework of IPCC vulnerability have indicated Bait households of Muzaffargarh more vulnerable owing to higher exposure and sensitivity and lower adaptive capacity rather than other districts. In contrast to other districts Muzaffargarh households have investigated more vulnerable to flood disasters more particularly in LVI sub-components such as health (0.460), water (0.360) and food (0.515) access. These research findings will helpful to policymakers to work out and put into practice effectual programs and strategies such as constructing more water reserves, developing overhead infrastructure, easy access of institutional loans and generating off-farm income sources. These local based feasible measures will helpful for native inhabitants to reducing frequency of floods in the direction of lessen vulnerability and increase resilience via recovering generally the livelihood of vulnerable Bait households in Punjab Pakistan and particularly the district Muzaffargarh.

scholarly journals Analysis of Household Participation in Urban Agriculture: Empirical Evidence from Urban Households in Kogi State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 23-31
Author(s):  
M. K. Ibrahim ◽  
M. Haruna ◽  
U. M. Shaibu
Keyword(s):  
Urban Agriculture ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Urban Farm ◽  
Household Heads ◽  
Sufficient Food

The study analysed household participation in urban agriculture in Kogi State, Nigeria. It specifically; described the socioeconomic characteristics of the respondents; determined the factors that influence household participation in urban agriculture; and determined the effect of urban agriculture on household income. Simple random sampling technique was used to select 60 respondents each from four purposively selected peri-urban/urban centres in Kogi State: Lokoja (Zone A), Anyigba (Zone B), Okene (Zone C), and Idah (Zone D). Primary data obtained through questionnaire administration were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistical tools. Findings from the study revealed that 61.7% of the respondents were males and a mean age of 43 years was recorded. Married (90%) household heads dominated the respondents with a mean household size of 7 members. Education (β = -0.862), dependent (β = 1.904), marital status (β = 2.544), access to sufficient food (β = -2.495), employment status (β = 1.307) and access to land (β = 0.505) statistically influenced household participation in urban agriculture, while the OLS output indicated that urban farm income (β = 17.539) and non-farm income (β = 848.798) had significant effect on total household income. The study concluded that urban agriculture has the potential of improving the livelihood of urban dwellers. The study therefore recommends the integration of urban agriculture into urban development plan; easy access to land and other production inputs.

scholarly journals THE ISSUE OF INCOME DIVERSIFICATION AMONG RURAL FARMING HOUSEHOLDS: EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE FROM KWARA STATE, NIGERIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 231-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adeniyi Felix Akinrinde ◽  
Kemi Funmilayo Omotesho ◽  
Israel Ogulande
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Income Diversification ◽  
Income Sources ◽  
Farming Families ◽  
The Government

The rising incidences of poverty among rural farming families are the reason behind renewed interest in income diversification. This study determined the level of income diversification; identified alternative income sources; examined the reasons for diversification; and identified the constraints to diversification. A three-stage random sampling technique was used in selecting 160 households on which a structured interview schedule was administered. Descriptive statistics, a Likert-type scale, and the Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation were used for data analyses. Findings reveal that 1.3% of the households had no additional sources of income while 40.6% had at least four. Trading (55%) and livestock keeping (40.7%) were the most popular alternative income sources. The declining farm income (mean = 2.96) was the primary reason for diversification, while poor rural infrastructure (mean = 3.04) was the most severe constraint to income diversification. Farm size, access to extension services, household size, age and educational level of the household head were significantly related to the level of income diversification at p < 0.05. The study concluded that the level of income diversification was high and influenced by socioeconomic characteristics of the households. It recommends that the government should provide adequate infrastructural facilities in rural areas. Farmer associations should also ensure better prices for agricultural produce through joint marketing.

Economic Analysis of Non-Farm and Off-Farm Income Sector: A Way Ahead in Making Farmers Income Profitable

2021 ◽  
pp. 112-119
Keyword(s):  
Public Investment ◽  
Rural Households ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Farm Households ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Small Farmers ◽  
Income Diversification ◽  
Agricultural Income ◽  
Income Sources ◽  
Multi Stage

Income diversification is an important strategy to augments income among small and marginal farmers. This study evaluated the income diversification among farm households in the Ariyalur district. A multi-stage sampling technique was used, and 115 rural households were selected by applying Arkin and Colton formula. The data collected were analyzed using the Herfindahl index and Gini-coefficient. The results showed that the average number of income sources accessed by all marginal farmers is about 1.81, and small farmers are about 1.90, and small farmers had an income diversification range of 0.64 to 0.65, which is a medium diversification category. When the non-farm and off income were considered together with agricultural income, the overall income inequality dropped. The results suggested that the local government should take serious steps to create employment avenues for smallholders outside agriculture that provide credit, training, and necessary inputs to rural households and recommended for public investment in rural infrastructures, such as roads and bridges, telecommunications, education, energy, and water.

Determinants of technical efficiency of potato farmers and effects of constraints on potato production in Northern Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 699-709
Author(s):  
Adino Andaregie ◽  
Tessema Astatkie
Keyword(s):  
Technical Efficiency ◽  
Stochastic Frontier ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Potato Production ◽  
Efficiency Score ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Northern Ethiopia ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Factors

AbstractTo improve the national average yield of potato in Ethiopia, which is very low as compared to its potential, factors that influence technical efficiency of potato production need to be determined. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the determinants of technical efficiency using a cross-sectional data collected from 368 randomly selected potato producers in Northern Ethiopia using a multi-stage sampling technique. The study employed Cobb–Douglas stochastic frontier model to get farm-level technical efficiency scores. Tobit model and principal component analysis were used to determine the factors that influence technical efficiency of farm households. The results revealed that chemical fertiliser, seed potato, plot size and labour are statistically significant factors that affect potato yield. The average technical efficiency score was estimated to be 75%; and education, experience, off-farm income, household size, membership in a farmers’ association, use of irrigation water, extension contact, use of improved seed, access to product market and weak coordination of stakeholders’ were significant factors influencing technical efficiency. The findings of the study suggest that there is a need for government intervention to create strong market linkage between producers and buyers and to give appropriate training to agricultural extension agents.

scholarly journals Interest in research among the undergraduate students of medical and dental colleges of Pakistan.

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (09) ◽  
pp. 1942-1946
Author(s):  
Ahmad Liaquat ◽  
Tahmasub Faraz Tayyab ◽  
Tooba Saeed ◽  
Muhammad Azeem ◽  
Ansa Naheed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Male Students ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
Practical Training ◽  
Senior Faculty ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Interest In Research

Objectives: The aim of this study was to find the interest in research among the undergraduate students of medical and dental colleges of Pakistan. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Amongst the students of four medical institutes. Period: April to May 2018. Material & Methods: Sample size was 500 of undergraduate MBBS and BDS students from 1st year to final year. Participants were given a questionnaire and responses were analyzed with SPSS software version 21. Results: The mean age of participants was 23.24 +/- 1.85 years. Female students were more (63%) as compared to male students (37%). Seventy percent (70%) students were interested in different research work and more than 85% students were interested to continue their future career in academics. Participants were more interested in practical training as compared to research and theory. Most of the students were interested to carry out research in clinical field as compared to non-clinical field. The knowledge of research methodology was more in senior students. Student’s knowledge about “impact factor of journal” was low. Conclusion: In this research it has been found that a good number of participants were interested in research activities so measures should be taken to facilitate and motivate them by giving some sort of award to the researchers to increase the publications from Pakistan. Easy access to internet facilities must be provided to promote research activities. Efforts should be made to find out reasons why some students consider research less important. It is also need of the day to develop culture of research by senior faculty members of academic institutes.

scholarly journals Association of Cadre's Knowledge with Age, Duration of Work, Education, and Employment on the Use of iPosyandu Application in Pasawahan, Purwakarta

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 150-159
Author(s):  
Fedri Ruluwedrata Rinawan ◽  
Pratiwi Kusumastuti ◽  
Ariyati Mandiri ◽  
Rima Kusumah Dewi
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Application ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Good Knowledge ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Child Bearing ◽  
Important People ◽  
Education And Employment ◽  
Work Education

Posyandu cadres are important people whose role in implementing posyandu, including registration, weighing, counseling, recording, and reporting. Currently, the cadre task in recording and reporting is still manual. Therefore, cadres must be supported by information technology to facilitate their work. iPosyandu application is an android-based or mobile application that is integrated and functioned for cadres in managing data. The application has been implemented at Posyandu to obtain data of infants, toddlers, and pregnant women, as well as child-bearing age women and couples (under development). This study aimed to determine the cadre's knowledge on the use of iPosyandu application at the posyandu, and its association with age, duration of work, education, and employment. The research method used cross-sectional approach. We used a purposive sampling technique. The sample size was 82 cadres in 6 villages in Pasawahan sub-district, Purwakarta Regency. Data collection was carried using questionnaire. Spearman correlation and Chi-square was used to identify the associations. The results was all cadres had good knowledge, and not associated with age, duration of work, education, and employment. This can be caused by the experience and implementation of the iPosyandu application during the last year. Other reasons were also identified such as easy access of media information, and the learning time. Good knowledge of cadres in using the application need to be maintained. Henceforth, further complementary research is needed to strengthen the knowledge by observing their skill under the umbrella of action research.

scholarly journals Patterns of ethical issues and decision-making challenges in clinical practice among Ghanaian physiotherapists

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 179-185
Author(s):  
Gifty Nyante ◽  
Caleb Andoh ◽  
Ajediran Bello
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Code Of Ethics ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Healthcare Setting ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Public Healthcare ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Wide Range

Objectives: To determine the patterns of ethical issues and decision-making challenges encountered by practicing physiotherapists in Ghana.Design: This is a cross-sectional study in which the stratified sampling technique was adopted to sample the participants.Setting: The study involved physiotherapists at the private healthcare setting and from different levels of public healthcare facilities.Participants: Eighty-two duly registered physiotherapists who were practising in Ghana participated in the study.Interventions: Participants completed a 30-item questionnaire related to ethical issues and challenges encountered in making ethical decisions. Data analysis was premised on the frequency of occurrence of ethical tensions and difficulty in decision making which were dichotomized as 'high' and 'low' issues, and 'extreme' and 'low' difficult decisions, respectively.Results: The age range of the participants was 21-49 years (mean 31.5 ± 1.4years). 18 (22%), 31 (37.8%) and 33 (40.2%) physiotherapists practice in the primary, secondary and tertiary healthcare settings respectively. 56 (68.3%) and 43 (52.4%) of the participants affirmed that 'establishing priorities for patient's treatment amidst limited time resources' was the most frequently encountered and the most extremely difficult ethical issue to make a decision on respectively. Whereas, limiting physical therapy services for personal or organizational gains sub-theme was the least occurred issue which was also the least difficult to make a decision on as indicated by the respective 16 (19.5%) and 18 (22.0%) physiotherapists.Conclusion: A wide range of primary and secondary ethical issues were reported by the sampled physiotherapists, which tend to pose difficulty during the decision-making process in practice.Keywords: Ethical issues; code of ethics; decision making; physiotherapy practice, ethical judgementFunding: The research work was self-funded by the authors.

scholarly journals Common problems faced by postgraduate students during their thesis works in Bangladesh

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad A Matin ◽  
Mohammad AW Khan
Keyword(s):  
Medical Education ◽  
Postgraduate Medical Education ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Primary Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Postgraduate Students ◽  
Common Problems ◽  
Thesis Writing ◽  
Thesis Work

Background: Thesis work is an integral part of postgraduate medical education. It serves as the first stepping stone into scientific writing. But during research work, students and supervisors face various prob-lems. A number of research works has been conducted in different parts of the world on this issue. Some of the problems are candidate related and some of them are supervisor related. In Bangladesh, no re-search work has been done to find out the problems faced by the students and supervisors during thesis work. Once the prob-lems are identified, we can find ways and means to solve those problems as much as possible. Thus the students as the primary group will be benefitted from the results of this study and the supervisors will gain in-sights and will be able to lighten the prob-lems.Method: A cross sectional descriptive study was conducted in 20 different medical colleges and institutes in Bangladesh. A total of 133 postgraduate students, 46 supervisors participated in the study. Purposive sampling technique was used. Two pretested semi-structured questionnaire were used (one for students and one for supervisors) to collect data and data analysis was done using SPSS version 19.Results: The problems in general identified were lack of students' knowledge, experience, commitment in thesis works, time constraint, excess workload, lack of fund, inadequate and irregular meeting with supervisors. Institute related problems were inadequate guidance and resources of the institute, absence of research cell and for-mats of thesis writing in the institute and inadequate cooperation from the institute.Conclusion and recommendation: The pre-sent study revealed that lack of knowledge, lack of experience, lack of fund and lack of regular meetings with supervisor were found the most important general prob-lems. Lack of research project and lack of resource were found the most common problems related to the institute. The rec-ommendations made were- research meth-odology and biostatistics should be incorporated in undergraduate and postgraduate curriculum, regular practical workshops on research methodology and biostatistics for the students and the supervisors, provision of adequate fund for academic thesis works, arrangement of adequate research facilities and resources in all institutes/universities conducting postgraduate courses, introduction of checklist and meeting schedule to be used both by supervisors and students during thesis works.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Education Vol.8(1) 2017: 22-27

scholarly journals Analysis of Factors that Influence Communities in doing Re-Visit to Outpatient Installation of Praya Hospital Central Lombok

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 292-299
Author(s):  
Dhandi Hidayatullah ◽  
Nurwijayanti Nurwijayanti ◽  
Siti Farida
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
Hospital Services ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Community Needs ◽  
Repeat Visit ◽  
Hospital Resources ◽  
Ease Of Access

The potential of the hospital includes all the resources owned including all hospital resources as input, management as a process and health service products as an outcome are expected to be able to sell the products produced. In order to remain competitive, the products produced must be of quality and in accordance with the criteria of community needs. In determining target consumers, hospitals need to understand consumer behavior in the decision-making process. The purpose of the study was to analyze the factors that influence the community in conducting outpatient visits at Praya Hospital. The design was Cross Sectional. Population was all patients at the outpatient installation of 1,662 patients. The sample size was 326 respondents using simple random sampling technique. Independent variables of research ware hospital facilities, hospital services, ease of information, ease of access (distance, transportation). The dependent variable was re-visit the outpatient installation. Data was collected using a questionnaire, then the data were analyzed using the ordinal regression test with a significance level of α ≤ 0.05. The results showed that the majority of respondents revealed good hospital facilities as many as 179 respondents (54.9%), good hospital services as many as 184 respondents (56.4%), ease of good information as many as 210 respondents (64%), easy access (distance and transportation) as many as 191 respondents (58.6%), re-visit the outpatient installation as many as 182 respondents (55.8%). The results showed that there were influences of hospital facilities (p = 0,000), hospital services with (p = 0.036), ease of access (p = 0.023), and ease of information (p = 0.001) on revisiting outpatient installations. Hospitals with facilities, easy access and easy information services can increase patient satisfaction so that patients can return to the hospital to make a repeat visit to the outpatient installation

scholarly journals Accessibility and Utilization of Tuberculosis Directly Observed Therapy in Primary Health Care Facilities in Katsina State, North West Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-36
Author(s):  
Yahaya Shamsuddeen Suleiman
Keyword(s):  
State Government ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Health Care Facilities ◽  
Health Facilities ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
Directly Observed Therapy ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
North West ◽  
The Mean

Tuberculosis is a public health problem in Katsina state. Previous effort to decrease the burden of TB was substantially targeted at the secondary and tertiary level of care. The new strategy calls for the decentralization of DOTS at the PHC level. This study assessed the resources for diagnosis and treatment of TB, utilization of services in PHC facilities in Katsina state. The study design was a cross-sectional descriptive study and it enrolled 225 TB patients in 32 health facilities through a multi-stage sampling technique. A structured interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to obtain data from respondents. Qualitative data were also collected using KII. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 20-software package. For the qualitative aspect, content analysis was done for KII. Of the Health facilities studied 7 (28%) were diagnostic centres while 25 (72%) were treatment (intake) centres. The mean age of TB patients was 39+13 years also the mean duration since the commencement of treatment was 3 months. The mean duration time before reaching the hospital was 39 + 27 minutes. The majority (98.5%) of TB patients had easy access to a health facility. About one third (34.4%) of the health facilities had and were using a microscope. In conclusion, the study revealed that resources for TB diagnosis were not adequate in most of the health facilities. However, resources for TB treatment were sufficient. The state government should provide more support in making TB resources adequate in all facilities.

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