scholarly journals Patterns of ethical issues and decision-making challenges in clinical practice among Ghanaian physiotherapists

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 179-185
Author(s):  
Gifty Nyante ◽  
Caleb Andoh ◽  
Ajediran Bello
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Code Of Ethics ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Healthcare Setting ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Public Healthcare ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Wide Range

Objectives: To determine the patterns of ethical issues and decision-making challenges encountered by practicing physiotherapists in Ghana.Design: This is a cross-sectional study in which the stratified sampling technique was adopted to sample the participants.Setting: The study involved physiotherapists at the private healthcare setting and from different levels of public healthcare facilities.Participants: Eighty-two duly registered physiotherapists who were practising in Ghana participated in the study.Interventions: Participants completed a 30-item questionnaire related to ethical issues and challenges encountered in making ethical decisions. Data analysis was premised on the frequency of occurrence of ethical tensions and difficulty in decision making which were dichotomized as 'high' and 'low' issues, and 'extreme' and 'low' difficult decisions, respectively.Results: The age range of the participants was 21-49 years (mean 31.5 ± 1.4years). 18 (22%), 31 (37.8%) and 33 (40.2%) physiotherapists practice in the primary, secondary and tertiary healthcare settings respectively. 56 (68.3%) and 43 (52.4%) of the participants affirmed that 'establishing priorities for patient's treatment amidst limited time resources' was the most frequently encountered and the most extremely difficult ethical issue to make a decision on respectively. Whereas, limiting physical therapy services for personal or organizational gains sub-theme was the least occurred issue which was also the least difficult to make a decision on as indicated by the respective 16 (19.5%) and 18 (22.0%) physiotherapists.Conclusion: A wide range of primary and secondary ethical issues were reported by the sampled physiotherapists, which tend to pose difficulty during the decision-making process in practice.Keywords: Ethical issues; code of ethics; decision making; physiotherapy practice, ethical judgementFunding: The research work was self-funded by the authors.

scholarly journals Empowerment of married women for social changes in a selected community of Kathmandu valley

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-89
Author(s):  
Sarita Singh Maharjan
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Educational Status ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Family Type ◽  
Kathmandu Valley ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Level

Introductions: Empowerment of women is the process by which women gain power and control over their own lives and acquire the ability to make  choices and decisions. It influences the direction of social change and create a healthy life of self as well as for family. This study aimed to assess the level of empowerment of married women and association with demographic variables. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out among married women with children and living with husband, at Kumbhesor ‘tole’ (community) in ward number 11 of Lalitpur Metropolitan City in Kathmandu valley, Nepal, during Jul-Aug 2017. Purposive sampling technique was used. Data were collected through interview using structured questionnaire by door to door visit in community. Results: Total 170 women were interviewed. High level empowerment (score >70%) was seen in 111 (64.5%) and low level empowerment (score ≤50%) in 9 (5.5%) women. Overall empowerment was 75.7±12.3, highest in the dimension of ‘health care decision making’ (82.3±10.5), lowest in ‘educational decision making’ 59.8±21.6. Family type, respondents’ and husband’s educational status had significant association with empowerment. Conclusions: The finding showed that most of the married women in urban community had high empowerment with highest decision making power on health care dimension. Family type and educational status of women and husband were associated factors.

scholarly journals Exploration of contraceptive awareness and decision making among married women of reproductive age in semi urban area of Tamil Nadu

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. 4844
Author(s):  
Sinduja Saravanan ◽  
Rakesh Maiya ◽  
R. M. Waseem Akram ◽  
Timsi Jain
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Self Administered Questionnaire

Background: India was the first country to have launched a National Program for Family Planning in 1952, but still there is no control on population growth. The objective was to assess the knowledge, attitude and practices of contraceptives among married women in semi urban area of Tamil Nadu.Methods: A community based cross sectional study was conducted in a semi urban area of Tamil Nadu. Married women of reproductive age (15-49) were included. Purposive sampling technique was used to select the subjects and self-administered questionnaire was used as study tool.Results: In this study about 91.80% were aware of at least one of the contraceptive methods but only 64.75% women used. The most common reason for using contraception was small family norms (75.89%) and for not using contraception was worried about side effects. The method commonly preferred was sterilisation (63.93%). The process of decision making was done mutually by both husband and wife (76.79%). There is an association existing between the education and awareness.Conclusions: On overall analysis it was found that only 49% are aware of contraception. Thus by proper motivation, counselling and improving facilities at both government and private sector, the unmet needs of contraception can be achieved.

scholarly journals Study on Early Childhood Adversities of Orphans Rearing in Orphanages

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-32
Author(s):  
Fahad Mahmood ◽  
Nirmeen Rifat Khan ◽  
Md Ziaul Islam ◽  
Tasmia Shahreen ◽  
Md Noor Ashad Uz Zaman
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Physical Assault ◽  
Childhood Adversities ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Life Threatening Illness ◽  
Life Threatening

Orphans spread a significant mass of our absolute child folks and this study was planned to determine the early childhood adversities of orphans that may attract them in various violence and perilous fortune lead further that in the end have a long-standing psycho-social impact on their adulthood. This was a cross-sectional study that was completed among 301orphans of both genders. The subjects were chosen by convenient sampling technique based on specific inclusion criteria and maintaining ethical issues. The study was directed from January to December 2017 in different orphanages of Chittagong and Dhaka city. The examination uncovered, maximum (84%) of participants were male and the rest (16%) were female. Among them, around 44.9% of them were matured from 10-12 years followed by 37.9% matured between 13-15 years. The majority (62%) of the participants had education up to primary/equivalent level. A maximum (69.77%) of them lost their father and 17.94% of them lost both of their parentages. The study revealed, physical assault (30.2%), serious domestic accident (27%), and life-threatening illness/injury (33.6%) had higher frequencies than other events that happened with the participants personally. Additionally, events like traffic transportation accidents (47.3%), serious domestic accidents (36.8%), and physical assault (28.3%) had higher frequencies than other events experienced through observing to transpiring. Then again, transportation accidents, domestic accidents (ꭓ2 =32.673, p<0.05), physical assault, life-threatening illness/injury were experienced among 16-18 years of aged orphans personally where assault with a weapon and sexual assault (ꭓ2 =14.637, p< 0.05) were more frequent among 13-15 years old gathering. Bangladesh Med J. 2020 Jan; 49 (1): 26-32

scholarly journals To Assess the Prevalence Rate of Hepatitis C among the Solid Waste Handler in Selected Areas

2021 ◽  
pp. 383-387
Author(s):  
Mayur Wanjari ◽  
Deeplata Mendhe
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Expected Outcome ◽  
Hepatitis C Viruses

Introduction: Solid waste handlers are subjected to a wide range of occupational hazards. Among these hazards is the infection from hepatitis A, B or C viruses (HAV, HBV or HCV). This relationship has been the study subject of many researchers around the world, given that the infection of hepatitis viruses is a significant cause of morbidity and a socio-economic burden.Viral hepatitis is a liver inflammation arising from viral infections. There are classes of viruses affecting the liver. The most popular forms are hepatitis B (HBV) and hepatitis C viruses (HCV). Objective: this study is planning to assess the prevalence rate of Hepatitis C among solid waste handlers in selected areas. Methodology: Cross-sectional study research designed will be used in this study conducted on a solid waste handler. The unlikely purposefully sampling technique was used to select a sample for this study to analyze the prevalence rate. The researcher's study included 100 population from the selected area and investigation of Hepatitis C will do at A.V.B.R.H Hospital Sawangi (M) Wardha. The population was selected according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Expected Outcome: In this research study expected outcome is solid waste handlers are may be suffering from Hepatitis C because of their working pattern and environment. Conclusion: The conclusion will be drawn from the results.

Knowledge and Communication of the National Core Standards Tool

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Winnie Thembisile Maphumulo ◽  
Busisiwe Bhengu
Keyword(s):  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Healthcare Delivery ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Quality Of Healthcare ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Public Healthcare ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Professional Nurses

The National Department of Health in South Africa has introduced the National Core Standards (NCS) tool to improve the quality of healthcare delivery in all public healthcare institutions. Knowledge of the NCS tool is essential among healthcare providers. This study investigated the level of knowledge on NCS and how the NCS tool was communicated among professional nurses. This was a cross-sectional survey study. Purposive sampling technique was used to select hospitals that only offered tertiary services in KwaZulu-Natal. Six strata of departments were selected using simple stratified sampling. The population of professional nurses in the selected hospitals was 3 050. Systematic random sampling was used to recruit 543 participants. The collected data were analysed using SPSS version 25. The study showed that only 16 (3.7%) respondents had knowledge about NCS, using McDonald’s standard of learning outcome measured criteria regarding the NCS tool. The Pearson correlation coefficient between the communication and knowledge was r = 0.055. The results revealed that although the communication scores for the respondents were high their knowledge scores remained low. This study concluded that there is a lack of knowledge regarding the NCS tool and therefore healthcare institutions need to commit themselves to the training of professional nurses regarding the NCS tool. The findings suggest that healthcare institutions implement the allocation of incentives for nurses that attend the workshops for NCS.

Frequency of Neck and Upper Extremity Musculoskeletal Disorders in Dentists

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 207-211
Author(s):  
Sidra Sarwar ◽  
Sara Khalid ◽  
Tahir Mahmood ◽  
Hadeeqa Jabeen ◽  
Shahid Imran
Keyword(s):  
Upper Extremity ◽  
Musculoskeletal Disorders ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dental Hospital ◽  
Upper Extremity Musculoskeletal Disorders ◽  
And Performance

Background: Musculoskeletal disorders are not only becoming prevalent among health care professionals in our country but are affecting their health and performance adversely. They are caused by poor ergonomics and awkward posture during work activities. The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of neck and upper limb musculoskeletal disorders in dentists of Lahore, Pakistan. Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted during October 2017 to March 2018. The data was collected using convenient sampling technique from 162 Dentists including 52 males and 110 females of Children hospital Lahore, Punjab Dental hospital and Fatima Memorial Hospital, Lahore. Data was collected by using Mangalore Questionnaire for identification of musculoskeletal disorders. Descriptive analysis of the data was done using SPSS version 22.0. Results: Of 162 dentists, 115 (71%) suffered from musculoskeletal disorders. Shoulder was the most commonly affected region (30.9%) followed by neck (25.9%), arm (6.2%), wrist (4.3%), elbow (3.1%) and forearm (0.6%). Pain (45.7%) was found to be the most common complaint followed by muscle weakness (20.4%), paraesthesia (3.7%) and swelling (1.2%). Conclusions: It was concluded that majority of the dentists were suffering from musculoskeletal disorders with shoulder as the most affected region and pain as the most frequent complaint. Key words: Dentists, Musculoskeletal disorders, Neck pain, Upper extremity

scholarly journals Kinematic Analysis of Lower Limb Joint Asymmetry during Gait in People with Multiple Sclerosis

Symmetry ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 598
Author(s):  
Massimiliano Pau ◽  
Bruno Leban ◽  
Michela Deidda ◽  
Federica Putzolu ◽  
Micaela Porta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Camera Motion ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Temporal Parameters ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Edss Score ◽  
Spatio Temporal

The majority of people with Multiple Sclerosis (pwMS), report lower limb motor dysfunctions, which may relevantly affect postural control, gait and a wide range of activities of daily living. While it is quite common to observe a different impact of the disease on the two limbs (i.e., one of them is more affected), less clear are the effects of such asymmetry on gait performance. The present retrospective cross-sectional study aimed to characterize the magnitude of interlimb asymmetry in pwMS, particularly as regards the joint kinematics, using parameters derived from angle-angle diagrams. To this end, we analyzed gait patterns of 101 pwMS (55 women, 46 men, mean age 46.3, average Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score 3.5, range 1–6.5) and 81 unaffected individuals age- and sex-matched who underwent 3D computerized gait analysis carried out using an eight-camera motion capture system. Spatio-temporal parameters and kinematics in the sagittal plane at hip, knee and ankle joints were considered for the analysis. The angular trends of left and right sides were processed to build synchronized angle–angle diagrams (cyclograms) for each joint, and symmetry was assessed by computing several geometrical features such as area, orientation and Trend Symmetry. Based on cyclogram orientation and Trend Symmetry, the results show that pwMS exhibit significantly greater asymmetry in all three joints with respect to unaffected individuals. In particular, orientation values were as follows: 5.1 of pwMS vs. 1.6 of unaffected individuals at hip joint, 7.0 vs. 1.5 at knee and 6.4 vs. 3.0 at ankle (p < 0.001 in all cases), while for Trend Symmetry we obtained at hip 1.7 of pwMS vs. 0.3 of unaffected individuals, 4.2 vs. 0.5 at knee and 8.5 vs. 1.5 at ankle (p < 0.001 in all cases). Moreover, the same parameters were sensitive enough to discriminate individuals of different disability levels. With few exceptions, all the calculated symmetry parameters were found significantly correlated with the main spatio-temporal parameters of gait and the EDSS score. In particular, large correlations were detected between Trend Symmetry and gait speed (with rho values in the range of –0.58 to –0.63 depending on the considered joint, p < 0.001) and between Trend Symmetry and EDSS score (rho = 0.62 to 0.69, p < 0.001). Such results suggest not only that MS is associated with significantly marked interlimb asymmetry during gait but also that such asymmetry worsens as the disease progresses and that it has a relevant impact on gait performances.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Use of Shared Decision Making in Breast Cancer: International Survey

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 2128
Author(s):  
Marta Maes-Carballo ◽  
Manuel Martín-Díaz ◽  
Luciano Mignini ◽  
Khalid Saeed Khan ◽  
Rubén Trigueros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Shared Decision Making ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Shared Decision ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Professional Societies ◽  
New Policies

Objectives: To assess shared decision-making (SDM) knowledge, attitude and application among health professionals involved in breast cancer (BC) treatment. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study based on an online questionnaire, sent by several professional societies to health professionals involved in BC management. There were 26 questions which combined demographic and professional data with some items measured on a Likert-type scale. Results: The participation (459/541; 84.84%) and completion (443/459; 96.51%) rates were high. Participants strongly agreed or agreed in 69.57% (16/23) of their responses. The majority stated that they knew of SDM (mean 4.43 (4.36–4.55)) and were in favour of its implementation (mean 4.58 (4.51–4.64)). They highlighted that SDM practice was not adequate due to lack of resources (3.46 (3.37–3.55)) and agreed on policies that improved its implementation (3.96 (3.88–4.04)). The main advantage of SDM for participants was patient satisfaction (38%), and the main disadvantage was the patients’ paucity of knowledge to understand their disease (24%). The main obstacle indicated was the lack of time and resources (40%). Conclusions: New policies must be designed for adequate training of professionals in integrating SDM in clinical practice, preparing them to use SDM with adequate resources and time provided.

Observer Ratings of Shared Decision Making Do Not Match Patient Reports: An Observational Study in 5 Family Medicine Practices

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-59
Author(s):  
Gisèle Diendéré ◽  
Imen Farhat ◽  
Holly Witteman ◽  
Ruth Ndjaboue
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Family Medicine ◽  
Risk Communication ◽  
Shared Decision Making ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Clinical Encounter ◽  
Values Clarification ◽  
Shared Decision ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical Consultations

Background Measuring shared decision making (SDM) in clinical practice is important to improve the quality of health care. Measurement can be done by trained observers and by people participating in the clinical encounter, namely, patients. This study aimed to describe the correlations between patients’ and observers’ ratings of SDM using 2 validated and 2 nonvalidated SDM measures in clinical consultations. Methods In this cross-sectional study, we recruited 238 complete dyads of health professionals and patients in 5 university-affiliated family medicine clinics in Canada. Participants completed self-administered questionnaires before and after audio-recorded medical consultations. Observers rated the occurrence of SDM during medical consultations using both the validated OPTION-5 (the 5-item “observing patient involvement” score) and binary questions on risk communication and values clarification (RCVC-observer). Patients rated SDM using both the 9-item Shared Decision-Making Questionnaire (SDM-Q9) and binary questions on risk communication and values clarification (RCVC-patient). Results Agreement was low between observers’ and patients’ ratings of SDM using validated OPTION-5 and SDM-Q9, respectively (ρ = 0.07; P = 0.38). Observers’ ratings using RCVC-observer were correlated to patients’ ratings using either SDM-Q9 ( rpb = −0.16; P = 0.01) or RCVC-patients ( rpb = 0.24; P = 0.03). Observers’ OPTION-5 scores and patients’ ratings using RCVC-questions were moderately correlated ( rφ = 0.33; P = 0.04). Conclusion There was moderate to no alignment between observers’ and patients’ ratings of SDM using both validated and nonvalidated measures. This lack of strong correlation emphasizes that observer and patient perspectives are not interchangeable. When assessing the presence, absence, or extent of SDM, it is important to clearly state whose perspectives are reflected.

scholarly journals Minimum acceptable diet among children aged 6–23 months in South Kivu, Democratic Republic of Congo: a community-based cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Mbusa Kambale ◽  
Gaylord Amani Ngaboyeka ◽  
Joe Bwija Kasengi ◽  
Sarah Niyitegeka ◽  
Boss Rutakaza Cinkenye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Democratic Republic Of Congo ◽  
Feeding Practices ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Republic Of Congo ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
South Kivu

Abstract Background Suboptimal child nutrition remains the main factor underlying child undernutrition in Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). This study aimed to assess the prevalence of minimum acceptable diet and associated factors among children aged 6–23 months old. Methods Community-based cross-sectional study including 742 mothers with children aged 6–23 months old was conducted in 2 Health Zones of South Kivu, Eastern DRC. WHO indicators of Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) regarding complementary feeding practices were used. Logistic regression analysis was used to quantify the association between sociodemographic indicators and adequate minimum acceptable diet for both univariate and multivariate analysis. Results Overall, 33% of infants had minimum acceptable diet. After controlling for a wide range of covariates, residence urban area (AOR 2.39; 95% CI 1.43, 3.85), attendance postnatal care (AOR 1.68; 95% CI 1.12, 2.97), education status of mother (AOR 1.83; 95% CI 1.20, 2.77) and household socioeconomic status (AOR 1.72; 95% CI 1.14, 2.59) were factors positively associated with minimum acceptable diet. Conclusion Actions targeting these factors are expected to improve infant feeding practices in South Kivu.

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