scholarly journals COVID-19-like symptoms and their relation to SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in children and adults of an Italian birth cohort

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maja Popovic ◽  
Chiara Moccia ◽  
Elena Isaevska ◽  
Giovenale Moirano ◽  
Costanza Pizzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Muscle Pain ◽  
Prevalence Ratio ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
Cumulative Number ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Disease Clusters ◽  
Almost All

Abstract Background A number of cases positive for SARS-CoV-2 escape surveillance systems, especially in the first epidemic waves and/or when the number of cases becomes too large to allow complete diagnostic coverage. Methods During the first SARS-CoV-2 epidemic wave hitting Italy in the spring 2020, mothers participating in an Italian NINFEA birth cohort were invited to complete an online questionnaire on COVID-19-like symptoms in the household. We estimated the population prevalence of COVID-19-like symptoms in children and adults, assessed their geographical correlation with the cumulative number of COVID-19 cases by province, analysed their clustering within families, and estimated their sensitivity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) for COVID-19 diagnosis in individuals tested for SARS-CoV-2.Results Information was collected on 3184 households, 6133 adults, and 5751 children. In the period March-April 2020, 55.4% of the NINFEA families had at least one member with at least one COVID-19-like symptom. There was a strong geographical correlation between the population cumulative incidence of COVID-19 and the prevalence of muscle pain, fatigue, low-grade fever, and breathing difficulties in adults (Spearman’s rho ≥0.70). Having at least one family member with a COVID-19 diagnosis, compared with none tested for SARS-CoV-2, was associated with an increased prevalence ratio (PR) of almost all COVID-19-like symptoms in adults, and only of low-grade fever (37-37.5°C; PR 5.27; 95% confidence intervals: 2.37 to 11.74) and anosmia/dysgeusia in children. Among adults with COVID-19 diagnosis, fatigue, muscle pain, and fever had a sensitivity ≥70%. In individuals tested for SARS-CoV-2, with a 16.6% prevalence of COVID-19, breathing difficulties and nausea/vomiting had the highest PPVs, with point estimates close to 60%, and with NPVs close to 90%.Conclusions The geographical prevalence of COVID-19-like symptoms in adults may inform on local disease clusters, while certain symptoms in family members of confirmed COVID-19 cases could help identify the intra-familial spread of the virus and its further propagation in the community. Low-grade fever is frequent in children with at least one household member with COVID-19 and possibly indicates child infection.

scholarly journals COVID-19-like symptoms and their relation to SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in children and adults of an Italian birth cohort

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maja Popovic ◽  
Chiara Moccia ◽  
Elena Isaevska ◽  
Giovenale Moirano ◽  
Costanza Pizzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Muscle Pain ◽  
Prevalence Ratio ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
Cumulative Number ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Disease Clusters ◽  
Almost All

Abstract Background Emerging COVID-19 pandemic caused extensive lockdowns in a number of countries, but yet unknown number of cases positive to SARS-CoV-2 escapes surveillance systems. Methods Mothers participating in an Italian NINFEA birth cohort were invited to complete an online questionnaire on COVID-19-like symptoms in the household. We estimated the population prevalence of COVID-19-like symptoms in children and adults, assessed their geographical correlation with the cumulative number of COVID-19 cases by province, analysed their clustering within families, and estimated their sensitivity, positive (PPV) and negative predictive values (NPV) for COVID-19 diagnosis in individuals tested for SARS-CoV-2.Results Information was collected on 3184 households, 6133 adults, and 5751 children. There was a strong geographical correlation between the population cumulative incidence of COVID-19 and the prevalence of muscle pain, fatigue, low-grade fever, and breathing difficulties in adults (Spearman’s rho ≥0.70). Having at least one family member with a COVID-19 diagnosis, compared with none tested for SARS-CoV-2, was associated with an increased prevalence ratio of almost all COVID-19-like symptoms in adults, and only of low-grade fever (37-37.5oC; prevalence ratio 5.27; 95% confidence intervals: 2.37 to 11.74) and anosmia/dysgeusia in children. Among adults with COVID-19, fatigue, muscle pain, and fever had a sensitivity ≥70%. In individuals tested for SARS-CoV-2, with a 16.6% prevalence of COVID-19, breathing difficulties and nausea/vomiting had the highest PPVs, with point estimates close to 60%, and with NPVs close to 90%. Among tested Piedmont residents, with a COVID-19 prevalence of 18.5%, breathing difficulties and anosmia/disguesia reached PPVs above 80%.Conclusion Geographical prevalence of COVID-19-like symptoms in adults may inform on local disease clusters, while certain symptoms in family members of confirmed COVID-19 cases could help identification of the intra-familial spread of the virus and its further propagation in the community. Low-grade fever is frequent in children with at least one household member with COVID-19 and possibly indicates child infection.

Modeling COVID-19 Growing Trends to Reveal the Differences in the Effectiveness of Non-Pharmaceutical Interventions among Countries in the World (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
You Chen ◽  
Yubo Feng ◽  
Chao Yan ◽  
Xinmeng Zhang ◽  
Cheng Gao
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Reproduction Rate ◽  
Cumulative Number ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Growth Data ◽  
Dynamic Changes ◽  
The World ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Pharmaceutical Interventions

BACKGROUND Adopting non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) can affect COVID-19 growing trends, decrease the number of infected cases, and thus reduce mortality and healthcare demand. Almost all countries in the world have adopted non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) to control the spread rate of COVID-19; however, it is unclear what are differences in the effectiveness of NPIs among these countries. OBJECTIVE We hypothesize that COVID-19 case growth data reveals the efficacy of NPIs. In this study, we conduct a secondary analysis of COVID-19 case growth data to compare the differences in the effectiveness of NPIs among 16 representative countries in the world. METHODS This study leverages publicly available data to learn patterns of dynamic changes in the reproduction rate for sixteen countries covering Asia, Europe, North America, South America, Australia, and Africa. Furthermore, we model the relationships between the cumulative number of cases and the dynamic reproduction rate to characterize the effectiveness of the NPIs. We learn four levels of NPIs according to their effects in the control of COVID-19 growth and categorize the 16 countries into the corresponding groups. RESULTS The dynamic changes of the reproduction rate are learned via linear regression models for all of the studied countries, with the average adjusted R-squared at 0.96 and the 95% confidence interval as [0.94 0.98]. China, South Korea, Argentina, and Australia are at the first level of NPIs, which are the most effective. Japan and Egypt are at the second level of NPIs, and Italy, Germany, France, Netherlands, and Spain, are at the third level. The US and UK have the most inefficient NPIs, and they are at the fourth level of NPIs. CONCLUSIONS COVID-19 case growth data provides evidence to demonstrate the effectiveness of the NPIs. Understanding the differences in the efficacy of the NPIs among countries in the world can give guidance for emergent public health events. CLINICALTRIAL NA

scholarly journals Modelling spreading of an infection using time series by a novel family of models; fitting the time series of the confirmed cases of COVID-19 in China

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (s1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Babak Jamshidi ◽  
Shahriar Jamshidi Zargaran ◽  
Mansour Rezaei
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Time Series Models ◽  
Cumulative Number ◽  
The Novel ◽  
New Family ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Number Of Individuals

AbstractIntroductionTime series models are one of the frequently used methods to describe the pattern of spreading an epidemic.MethodsWe presented a new family of time series models able to represent the cumulative number of individuals that contracted an infectious disease from the start to the end of the first wave of spreading. This family is flexible enough to model the propagation of almost all infectious diseases. After a general discussion on competent time series to model the outbreak of a communicable disease, we introduced the new family through one of its examples.ResultsWe estimated the parameters of two samples of the novel family to model the spreading of COVID-19 in China.DiscussionOur model does not work well when the decreasing trend of the rate of growth is absent because it is the main presumption of the model. In addition, since the information on the initial days is of the utmost importance for this model, one of the challenges about this model is modifying it to get qualified to model datasets that lack the information on the first days.

scholarly journals Clinicopathological features and prognostic significance of CTNNB1 mutation in low-grade, early-stage endometrial endometrioid carcinoma

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ignacio Ruz-Caracuel ◽  
Álvaro López-Janeiro ◽  
Victoria Heredia-Soto ◽  
Jorge L. Ramón-Patino ◽  
Laura Yébenes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Positive Predictive Value ◽  
Mismatch Repair ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Disease Free Survival ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Beta Catenin ◽  
Free Survival ◽  
Disease Free ◽  
Risk Of Relapse

AbstractLow-grade and early-stage endometrioid endometrial carcinomas (EECs) have an overall good prognosis but biomarkers identifying patients at risk of relapse are still lacking. Recently, CTNNB1 exon 3 mutation has been identified as a potential risk factor of recurrence in these patients. We evaluate the prognostic value of CTNNB1 mutation in a single-centre cohort of 218 low-grade, early-stage EECs, and the correlation with beta-catenin and LEF1 immunohistochemistry as candidate surrogate markers. CTNNB1 exon 3 hotspot mutations were evaluated by Sanger sequencing. Immunohistochemical staining of mismatch repair proteins (MLH1, PMS2, MSH2, and MSH6), p53, beta-catenin, and LEF1 was performed in representative tissue microarrays. Tumours were also reviewed for mucinous and squamous differentiation, and MELF pattern. Nineteen (8.7%) tumours harboured a mutation in CTNNB1 exon 3. Nuclear beta-catenin and LEF1 were significantly associated with CTNNB1 mutation, showing nuclear beta-catenin a better specificity and positive predictive value for CTNNB1 mutation. Tumours with CTNNB1 exon 3 mutation were associated with reduced disease-free survival (p = 0.010), but no impact on overall survival was found (p = 0.807). The risk of relapse in tumours with CTNNB1 exon 3 mutation was independent of FIGO stage, tumour grade, mismatch repair protein expression, or the presence of lymphovascular space invasion. CTNNB1 exon 3 mutation has a negative impact on disease-free survival in low-grade, early-stage EECs. Nuclear beta-catenin shows a higher positive predictive value than LEF1 for CTNNB1 exon 3 mutation in these tumours. Graphical abstract

A Thematic Analysis Of Incivility In Online Classroom: A Study In Indian Context

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (09) ◽  
pp. 65-84
Author(s):  
Aditi Gupta ◽  
◽  
Anshika Sharma ◽  
Prof. Patiraj Kumari ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Online Education ◽  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
Online Teaching ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Online Classroom ◽  
School Closures ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Academic Activities ◽  
Almost All

The current situation of COVID 19 not only involves global health crisis but also economic and social crises. It has brought about a change in the system of education by conducting all academic activities online. Acc. to ILO, a world of universal distance education (as nearly 94% of learners have faced school closures) is created. Online education is a new concept for most Indians, creates room for incivility. Incivility is defined as a lack of manners, courteousness, and respect which deteriorates the decorum leading to disturbance in teaching and learning of the class. This study is focused on incivility in online teaching and learning. A total of 130 college students from around the country were asked to fill an open-ended online questionnaire to know their views on incivility in the online classroom. The overall thematic analysis resulted in the identification of three themes i.e. reported incidents, possible causes, and measures to reduce incivility in the online classrooms. In the time of pandemic where almost all the dissemination of education is done online to minimize the effect of the pandemic on the education system, incivility is a stumbling block. Therefore, it is important to bring incivility in online education in limelight as tackling incivility is the need of the hour.

scholarly journals UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS’ VIEWS ABOUT EMERGENCY DISTANCE EDUCATION DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gürhan Durak ◽  
Serkan Çankaya
Keyword(s):  
Distance Education ◽  
University Students ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Education System ◽  
Diffusion Of Innovations ◽  
Performance Comparison ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Distance Education System

With the Covid-19 pandemic, which was effective all over the world in early 2020, emergency distance education applications started. Universities in Turkey also suffered from this situation and quickly started their own distance education applications using their own facilities. Different applications carried out by universities have had different reflections upon education. For example, while some universities provided compulsory live classes, some universities did not. Students are the most important component of this process. In this respect, the purpose of this study was to examine university students' views about emergency distance education during the Covid-19 pandemic. In this qualitatively designed study, 32 students from 4 different universities were asked for their views. An online questionnaire form made up of open-ended questions was used as the data collection tool. The data were analyzed using the content analysis method, and the themes were created. As a result, two of the four universities used the software of Microsoft Teams as a distance education system, while others preferred the software of Moodle and ALMS. It could be said that the students who used Microsoft Teams, which is an integrated system where live lessons can be held, were more satisfied in this process. In addition, the students' views about the distance education system, the positive and negative aspects of the system, live course practices, communication with the instructor, getting feedback, socialization, motivation, academic performance, comparison with traditional teaching, etc. were reported and interpreted within the scope of the theories of Uses and Gratifications and Diffusion of Innovations. It was seen that among the university students almost all of whom were anxious before the distance education, the worries of those who took live lessons and used an integrated system were completely removed. In this respect, within the scope of the distance education system, it could be stated that the elements of live lessons and interaction have great importance for students. <p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0720/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>

scholarly journals Peranan Gejala Klinis dan Pemeriksaan Darah Tepi dalam Diagnosis Dini Influenza pada Pasien dengan Gejala Influenza Like Illness

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 96
Author(s):  
Adityo Susilo ◽  
Suhendro Suwarto ◽  
Iris Rengganis ◽  
Kuntjoro Harimurti
Keyword(s):  
Negative Predictive Value ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Prevalence Ratio ◽  
Influenza Like Illness ◽  
Diagnostic Research ◽  
Virus Influenza

Pendahuluan. Influenza merupakan penyakit infeksi yang disebabkan oleh virus influenza. Pada manusia, influenza sering menimbulkan penyakit pernapasan akut dengan manifestasi klinis berupa influenza like illness. Penegakkan diagnosis influenza seringkali sulit oleh karena manifestasi klinis yang tidak khas. Demam disebut sebagai gejala klinis terpenting dan limfopenia didapatkan sebagai suatu temuan laboratoris yang konsisten. Usaha untuk mengetahui proporsi dan mengelaborasi gejala klinis dan pemeriksaan darah tepi sederhana diperkirakan dapat meningkatkan probabilitas diagnosis influenza.Tujuan. Mengetahui proporsi influenza serta mengevaluasi peranan gejala klinis dan pemeriksaan laboratorium sederhana pada pasien penyakit pernapasan akut dengan influenza like illness sehingga dapat digunakan sebagai faktor prediktif terhadap diagnosis influenza.Metode. Studi potong lintang berbasis diagnostic research pada pasien penyakit pernapasan akut dewasa dengan gejala influenza like illness di Puskesmas Kecamatan Pulo Gadung dan Puskesmas Kelurahan Rawamangun antara Maret hingga Juni 2011. Spesimen analisis virus menggunakan bahan apus nasofaringeal, dengan teknik analisis PCR kualitatif dan imunokromatografi antigen.Hasil. Dari 90 orang subyek penelitian didapatkan 13 orang (14,4%) terbukti terinfeksi virus influenza A melalui teknik PCR. Variabel demam menunjukkan hasil uji kemaknaan yang signifikan terhadap influenza (p 0,003) dengan prevalence ratio 6,28 (95% CI 1,476-26,759). Sensitifitas demam, batuk dan pilek terhadap influenza masing-masing adalah 85% dan negative predictive value demam sebesar 98%. Variabel determinan lainnya tidak menunjukkan hasil yang bermakna terhadap influenza pada uji kemaknaan statistik.    Simpulan. Proporsi influenza pada pasien dengan gejala ILI diperoleh cukup tinggi dengan proporsi demam yang terbukti lebih tinggi pada pasien influenza. Sensitivitas demam, batuk dan pilek terhadap influenza tinggi dengan negative predictive value yang memuaskan untuk seluruh variabel determinan. 

The Attractiveness of Schools of Management: The Case of Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 162-168
Author(s):  
Kamaludin Kamaludin
Keyword(s):  
Doctoral Students ◽  
Small Towns ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Managerial Skills ◽  
Depth Interview ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Rates Of Growth ◽  
Research Show

Objective - In recent times, schools of management in Indonesia have experienced rapid rates of growth all over the country in both big cities and small towns. The increase in interest to join schools of management is reflected by the number of schools of management at the undergraduate, master and doctoral levels that exist in almost all universities, particularly at the undergraduate and master levels. This research aims to determine the factors that influence the decision of an undergraduate, master or doctoral student to enroll in a school of management. Methodology/Technique - This study uses factor analysis and in-depth interview. The data is collecting using an online questionnaire distributed through WhatsApp groups and emails to undergraduate, masters and doctoral students throughout Indonesia. 366 questionnaires were distributed in total. Findings - The result of research show that the factors affecting students' decisions to enroll at schools of management are the process, product, and motivation. While the high interest in entering master and doctoral in management with the non-management background is caused by several factors, primarily, due to its relevance to their work, career development, accreditation, and other factors. Novelty - Those students that already occupy key positions in both private and government sectors consider managerial skills are more dominant in schools of management. Type of Paper: Empirical. Keywords: Attractiveness; Management; Undergraduate; Master; Doctoral. JEL Classification: A20. A22. A29.

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