Potential neuroinvasive and neurotrophic properties of SARS-CoV-2 in pediatric patients: Comparison of SARS-CoV-2 with non-segmented RNA viruses

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaodi Chen
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Global Health ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Rna Viruses ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Protein Sequences ◽  
Infants And Children ◽  
Functional Domains ◽  
Economic Crises

Abstract The emerging severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is causing global health and economic crises. Infants and children can be infected, but are less likely to develop severe abnormalities including neurological disorders compared with adults. However, whether SARS-CoV-2 can directly cause neurological impairments in pediatric patients is not known. The possible evolutionary and molecular relationship between SARS-CoV-2 and non-segmented RNA viruses were examined with reference to neurological disorders in pediatric patients. SARS-CoV-2 appears to share similar functional domains and protein sequences with neuroinvasive and neurotropic RNA viruses and thus has the potential to cause neurological diseases in pediatric patients.

scholarly journals Aptamer Applications in Neuroscience

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 1260
Author(s):  
Meric Ozturk ◽  
Marit Nilsen-Hamilton ◽  
Muslum Ilgu
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ◽  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Global Health ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Health Community ◽  
Lateral Sclerosis

Being the predominant cause of disability, neurological diseases have received much attention from the global health community. Over a billion people suffer from one of the following neurological disorders: dementia, epilepsy, stroke, migraine, meningitis, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Huntington’s disease, prion disease, or brain tumors. The diagnosis and treatment options are limited for many of these diseases. Aptamers, being small and non-immunogenic nucleic acid molecules that are easy to chemically modify, offer potential diagnostic and theragnostic applications to meet these needs. This review covers pioneering studies in applying aptamers, which shows promise for future diagnostics and treatments of neurological disorders that pose increasingly dire worldwide health challenges.

scholarly journals Epidemiology of COVID-19 outbreak in Ghana, 2020

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (4s) ◽  
pp. 5-15
Author(s):  
Magdalene A. Odikro ◽  
Ernest Kenu ◽  
Keziah L. Malm ◽  
Franklin Asiedu-Bekoe ◽  
Charles L. Noora ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Rna Viruses ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Wild Animals

Coronaviruses are RNA viruses that cause respiratory, hepatic and neurological diseases in domestic and wild animals, and humans. Among humans, six species of coronavirus have been identified to cause disease. Among these, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV) and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS-CoV) are of zoonotic origin and have been known to cause severe acute respiratory syndrome outbreaks among humans.

Microbiota-Immune System Interactions in Human Neurological Disorders

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (7) ◽  
pp. 509-526
Author(s):  
Qin Huang ◽  
Fang Yu ◽  
Di Liao ◽  
Jian Xia
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Brain Function ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Host Immune System ◽  
Gut Dysbiosis ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Novel Therapeutic Strategies

: Recent studies implicate microbiota-brain communication as an essential factor for physiology and pathophysiology in brain function and neurodevelopment. One of the pivotal mechanisms about gut to brain communication is through the regulation and interaction of gut microbiota on the host immune system. In this review, we will discuss the role of microbiota-immune systeminteractions in human neurological disorders. The characteristic features in the development of neurological diseases include gut dysbiosis, the disturbed intestinal/Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB) permeability, the activated inflammatory response, and the changed microbial metabolites. Neurological disorders contribute to gut dysbiosis and some relevant metabolites in a top-down way. In turn, the activated immune system induced by the change of gut microbiota may deteriorate the development of neurological diseases through the disturbed gut/BBB barrier in a down-top way. Understanding the characterization and identification of microbiome-immune- brain signaling pathways will help us to yield novel therapeutic strategies by targeting the gut microbiome in neurological disease.

scholarly journals Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in infants and children

2021 ◽  
Vol 09 (03) ◽  
pp. E292-E296
Author(s):  
Tone Lise Åvitsland ◽  
Lars Aabakken
Keyword(s):  
Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Biliary Stricture ◽  
Infants And Children ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Endoscopic Retrograde ◽  
Procedure Codes ◽  
In Infants And Children

Abstract Background and study aims Previous reports have suggested that endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in pediatric patients are safe. However, the total number of cases presented in the literature remains small. We present results regarding safety and outcomes in pediatric patients undergoing ERCP at Oslo University Hospital. Patients and methods Patients < 18 years who underwent ERCP between April 1999 and November 2017 were identified using procedure codes. Medical records were examined for age, gender, diagnosis, indications, type of sedation, findings, interventions, and complications. Results A total of 244 procedures were performed in 158 patients. Fifty-six of these were in 53 infants (age ≤ 1 year). Mean age was 8.8 years. The youngest patient was 8 days old. Mean weight was 5.0 kg in infants, the smallest weighing 2.9 kg. Cannulation failed in 19 (7.8 %). The main indication in infants was suspicion of biliary atresia (n = 38). Six of the procedures (10.7 %) were therapeutic. In children the main indications were biliary stricture (n = 64) and investigation of primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) (n = 45). 119 (63.2 %) of these procedures were therapeutic.Complications were uncommon in infants; only two episodes of infection were registered. In children (> 1 year) post-ERCP pancreatitis were seen in 10.4 %. Conclusions Our retrospective series of ERCP procedures includes 56 procedures in infants, which is one of the largest series presented. Complications in infants are rare and post-ERCP pancreatitis was not seen. In older children 10.4 % experienced post-ERCP pancreatitis. In expert hands, ERCP was shown to be acceptably feasible and safe in infants and children.

Trend of Hospital Admission and Outcome Study of Patients Admitted in a Neurology Unit at a Tertiary Care Neuroscience Hospital in Bangladesh

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-74
Author(s):  
Md Tauhidul Islam Chowdhury ◽  
Mohammad Shah Jahirul Hoque Choudhury ◽  
KM Ahasan Ahmed ◽  
Mohammad Sadekur Rahman Sarkar ◽  
Md Abdullah Yusuf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Length Of Hospital Stay ◽  
Retrospective Chart Review ◽  
Total Death ◽  
Neurological Patients ◽  
Study Population ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Day By Day

Background: Neurological disorders is becoming a growing concern both for developed and developing countries. Magnitude of the problem is increasing day by day. Among all neurological disorders, stroke is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally.Objectives: The purpose of the study was to see the trend of admission of patients with neurological diseases and to study the outcome of patients at referral neurology hospital in Bangladesh.Methodology: This retrospective chart review was conducted in the blue unit of the Department of Neurology at National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh from 1st January to 31st December 2016 for a period of one (01) year. All the admitted patients with both sexes were selected as study population. The outcome was observed among the study population.Result: A total number of 1044 patients were admitted during the study period. Majority of the patients were in the age group of the 41 to 50 years which was 417(39.9%) cases. Both male and female were in highest number in the month of May which was 63 and 48 cases respectively. The total death of the study population was 146(14.0%) cases. The mean length of hospital stay was 8.4±2.31 days.Conclusion: Middle aged male is the main bulk of the neurological patients, admitted in a referral neurology hospital in Bangladesh. Highest admission and mortality was observed in stroke patients.Journal of National Institute of Neurosciences Bangladesh, 2018;4(2): 69-74

scholarly journals Overview of Dual-Acting Drug Methotrexate in Different Neurological Diseases, Autoimmune Pathologies and Cancers

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (10) ◽  
pp. 3483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Przemysław Koźmiński ◽  
Paweł Krzysztof Halik ◽  
Raphael Chesori ◽  
Ewa Gniazdowska
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
Combination Therapy ◽  
Autoimmune Diseases ◽  
Myasthenia Gravis ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agent ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Immunosuppressive Drug ◽  
Structural Analogue ◽  
Potential Benefits

Methotrexate, a structural analogue of folic acid, is one of the most effective and extensively used drugs for treating many kinds of cancer or severe and resistant forms of autoimmune diseases. In this paper, we take an overview of the present state of knowledge with regards to complex mechanisms of methotrexate action and its applications as immunosuppressive drug or chemotherapeutic agent in oncological combination therapy. In addition, the issue of the potential benefits of methotrexate in the development of neurological disorders in Alzheimer’s disease or myasthenia gravis will be discussed.

First person – Fanny Jaudon and Martina Albini

2021 ◽  
Vol 134 (16) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Neurotrophic Factor ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Early Career ◽  
First Person ◽  
Early Career Researchers ◽  
And Function ◽  
The University ◽  
Selection Of

ABSTRACT First Person is a series of interviews with the first authors of a selection of papers published in Journal of Cell Science, helping early-career researchers promote themselves alongside their papers. Fanny Jaudon and Martina Albini are co-first authors on ‘ A developmental stage- and Kidins220-dependent switch in astrocyte responsiveness to brain-derived neurotrophic factor’, published in JCS. Fanny is a postdoc at the University of Trieste in the lab of Lorenzo A. Cingolani at Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy, investigating the molecular mechanisms controlling development and function of neuronal circuits and implementing genome-editing approaches for the treatment of neurological disorders. Martina is a PhD student at the Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia in the lab of Fabio Benfenati and Fabrizia Cesca investigating neurotrophin biology and its involvement in neurological diseases.

In Reply: Thrombocytopenia and Pediatric Patients With AIDS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 402-402
Author(s):  
EDWARD R. BURNS ◽  
MAADHAVA ELLAURIE ◽  
ARYE RUBINSTEIN
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Prospective Study ◽  
Mean Platelet Volume ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Infants And Children ◽  
Hiv Disease ◽  
Platelet Volume ◽  
Autoimmune Destruction

Based upon newly analyzed data, we agree with Dr Weinblatt's well-made point that HIV disease cannot be solely attributed to autoimmune destruction on the basis of elevated levels of platelet-associated IgG. In a recent prospective study of 38 infants and children with HIV infection monitored for as many as 9 years, we demonstrated that, using elevated platelet-associated IgG levels to detect AIDS thrombocytopenia, the sensitivity is 93% but the specificity is 13%. However, when combined with the finding of large circulating platelets as measured by increased mean platelet volume, the specificity is increased to 90%.

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