scholarly journals Transcriptome analysis reveals potential mechanisms and pathways underlying embryonic development with respect to muscle growth and egg production in slow and fast growing chickens

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kanakachari ◽  
R. Ashwini ◽  
R. N. Chatterjee ◽  
T. K Bhattacharya
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Fatty Acid Metabolism ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Muscle Development ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Muscle Growth ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Thigh Muscle ◽  
And Control

Abstract Background: Chicken is one of the important meat sources throughout the globe. Muscle development and egg production are important genetic traits in commercially raising chickens. However, not much information is available in the fast and slow growth of chicken to determine the expression of genes involved in muscle development and egg production in embryo initiation and developmental stages. This study was designed to investigate why improved Aseel (PD4) growing slowly compared with the control broiler (CB), microarray was conducted with the 7th-day embryo and 18th-day thigh muscle of improved Aseel (PD4) and control broiler (CL), respectively.Results: In the differential transcripts screening, all the transcripts obtained by microarray of slow and fast growth groups were screened by fold change ≥1 and false discovery rate (FDR) <0.05. In total, 19022 transcripts were differentially expressed between the 7th-day embryo and 18th-day thigh muscle of improved Aseel compared to the control broiler. Further analysis showed that a high number of transcripts are differentially regulated in the 7th-day improved Aseel embryo (15382) and fewer transcripts were differentially regulated (3640) in the 18th-day thigh muscle of improved Aseel compared to control broiler. In the 7th and 18th-day improved Aseel embryo, 10127, 2102, 5255, and 1538 transcripts were up and down-regulated, respectively. The commonly up and down-regulated transcripts are 545 and 381 between the 7th and 18th-day of embryos. In this study, we have selected 18 Gallus gallus candidate reference genes from NCBI and total RNA was isolated from control broiler, improved Aseel embryo tissues, and studied their expression profiles by real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR). The best housekeeping gene was identified by using geNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper, Delta CT, and RefFinder analytical software. The result showed that the TFRC gene is the most stable and further it is used for qPCR data normalization. Further, to validate the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to muscle growth, myostatin signaling and development, fatty acid metabolism genes in improved Aseel (PD4) and control broiler embryo tissues by qPCR. Conclusion: Our study identified DEGs that regulate myostatin signaling and differentiation pathway, glycolysis and gluconeogenesis, fatty acid metabolism, Jak-STAT, mTOR, and TGF-β signaling pathways, tryptophan metabolism, PI3K-Akt signaling pathways in improved Aseel. The results revealed that the gene expression architecture is present in the improved Aseel exhibiting embryo growth that will help to improve muscle development, differentiation, egg production, as well as protein synthesis in improved Aseel native chicken. Our findings may be used as a model for improving the growth in improved Aseel as well as optimizing the growth in the control broiler.

scholarly journals Genome-Wide Expression Profiling of mRNAs, lncRNAs and circRNAs in Skeletal Muscle of Two Different Pig Breeds

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 3169
Author(s):  
Xinhua Hou ◽  
Ligang Wang ◽  
Fuping Zhao ◽  
Xin Liu ◽  
Hongmei Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Metabolism ◽  
Muscle Development ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Development ◽  
Pig Breeds

RNA-Seq technology is widely used to analyze global changes in the transcriptome and investigate the influence on relevant phenotypic traits. Beijing Black pigs show differences in growth rate and meat quality compared to western pig breeds. However, the molecular mechanisms responsible for such phenotypic differences remain unknown. In this study, longissimus dorsi muscles from Beijing Black and Yorkshire pigs were used to construct RNA libraries and perform RNA-seq. Significantly different expressions were observed in 1051 mRNAs, 322 lncRNAs, and 82 circRNAs. GO and KEGG pathway annotation showed that differentially expressed mRNAs participated in skeletal muscle development and fatty acid metabolism, which determined the muscle-related traits. To explore the regulatory role of lncRNAs, the cis and trans-target genes were predicted and these lncRNAswere involved in the biological processes related to skeletal muscle development and fatty acid metabolismvia their target genes. CircRNAs play a ceRNA role by binding to miRNAs. Therefore, the potential miRNAs of differentially expressed circRNAs were predicted and interaction networks among circRNAs, miRNAs, and key regulatory mRNAs were constructed to illustrate the function of circRNAs underlying skeletal muscle development and fatty acid metabolism. This study provides new clues for elucidating muscle phenotypic variation in pigs.

scholarly journals Myostatin regulates fatty acid desaturation and fat deposition through MEF2C/miR222/SCD5 cascade in pigs

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongyan Ren ◽  
Wei Xiao ◽  
Xingliang Qin ◽  
Gangzhi Cai ◽  
Hao Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Metabolism ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Muscle Growth ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Fat Deposition ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Binding Prediction ◽  
Stearoyl Coa Desaturase

Abstract Myostatin (MSTN), associated with the “double muscling” phenotype, affects muscle growth and fat deposition in animals, whereas how MSTN affects adipogenesis remains to be discovered. Here we show that MSTN can act through the MEF2C/miR222/SCD5 cascade to regulate fatty acid metabolism. We generated MSTN-knockout (KO) cloned Meishan pigs, which exhibits typical double muscling trait. We then sequenced transcriptome of subcutaneous fat tissues of wild-type (WT) and MSTN-KO pigs, and intersected the differentially expressed mRNAs and miRNAs to predict that stearoyl-CoA desaturase 5 (SCD5) is targeted by miR222. Transcription factor binding prediction showed that myogenic transcription factor 2C (MEF2C) potentially binds to the miR222 promoter. We hypothesized that MSTN-KO upregulates MEF2C and consequently increases the miR222 expression, which in turn targets SCD5 to suppress its translation. Biochemical, molecular and cellular experiments verified the existence of the cascade. This novel molecular pathway sheds light on new targets for genetic improvements in pigs.

scholarly journals Trans-chalcone activity against Trichophyton rubrum relies on an interplay between signaling pathways related to cell wall integrity and fatty acid metabolism

BMC Genomics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamires Aparecida Bitencourt ◽  
Claudia Macedo ◽  
Matheus Eloy Franco ◽  
Marina Campos Rocha ◽  
Igor Sawasaki Moreli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Fatty Acid Metabolism ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Trichophyton Rubrum ◽  
Cell Wall Integrity

Fatty Acid Metabolism in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma (DLBCL): Interaction with Oncogenic Cell Signaling Pathways and the Identification of a Novel Treatment Paradigm.

Blood ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 120 (21) ◽  
pp. 2711-2711
Author(s):  
Ravi Dashnamoorthy ◽  
Frederick Lansigan ◽  
Wilson L Davis ◽  
Nancy Kuemmerle ◽  
William B Kinlaw ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signal Transduction ◽  
Cell Death ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Cell Signaling ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Fatty Acid Metabolism ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Cell Of Origin ◽  
Rt Pcr

Abstract Abstract 2711 Background: Fatty acid synthase (FASN) is a key enzyme of fatty acid synthesis and is upregulated in many cancers. Increased FASN in cancer is associated with poor prognosis, while inhibition of FASN results in cancer cell death. The MEK/ERK signal transduction is one of the primary pathways that activate tumor-related FASN. Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) is also involved in fatty acid metablishm as it releases free fatty acid (FFA) from circulating lipoproteins, making them available for cellular uptake. Notably, these concepts have emerged primarily from solid tumor studies; there is a comparative paucity of data in lymphoma. We examined the functional roles of FASN and LPL in DLBCL cells and their interaction with oncogenic signal transduction pathways including MEK/ERK and an upstream target, hypoxia inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1a). We also investigated potential therapeutic implications of targeting fatty acid metabolism for the treatment of DLBCL. Methods: We used the DLBCL cell lines OCI-LY3, OCI-LY19, SUDHL4, and SUDHL10 in normoxic or hypoxic (0.2% O2) conditions. Cerulenin (FASN inhibitor) and Orlistat (FASN and LPL inhibitor) were utilized to examine the effect of fatty acid enzyme inhibition on cell signaling and cell death. We assessed cell viability with the MTT assay and apoptosis by flow cytometric analysis of Annexin-V/propidium iodide (PI). FASN and LPL mRNAs were quantified in DLBCL cell lines by RT-PCR as well as through gene expression profiling (GEP) analysis (by cell of origin) using the CaBIG dataset. Further, FASN and associated signaling pathways (MEK, ERK, and HIF-1a) were analyzed by Western blot. Finally, for investigation of potential interactions between FASN and HIF-1a, or MAPK signaling, we utilized short hairpin RNA interference (shRNA) to knock down (KD) pathways of interest. Results: FASN protein expression was readily detectable in all DLBCL cell lines in normoxia, while the expression of LPL was barely detectable in most cells, except in SUDHL10 and only in hypoxic conditions. RT-PCR showed that all DLBCL cell lines tested expressed high levels of FASN mRNA, while minimal levels of LPL could be detected; GEP showed that FASN was expressed more prominently in germinal center (GC) DLBCL (p=0.0006 vs GC control and p=0.0001 vs non-GC DLBCL), whereas LPL was preferentially expressed in non-GC DLBCL (p<0.0001 vs non-GC control and GC DLBCL). We next examined FASN expression following KD of MEK, ERK, or HIF-1a using shRNA in OCI-LY3 and SUDHL10 cells. HIF-1a KD significantly decreased FASN expression; this result was most prominent in OCI-LY3 cells, although it was also evident in SUDHL10. Interestingly, MEK and ERK KDs had minimal effect on FASN or LPL. Pharmacologic treatment with cerulenin, however, resulted in inhibition of MEK and ERK phosphorylation in OCI-LY3 cells. Additionally, treatment with Cerulenin or Orlistat (0.25–4 μg/mL for 48 hours) resulted in dose-dependent cytotoxicity across several DLBCL cell lines (OCI-LY3, SUDHL4, and SUDHL10) with an approximate IC50 of 1μg/mL in all lines. Furthermore, treatment with Cerulenin resulted in induction of apoptosis, which was mediated by caspase cleavage (caspases 3, 8 and 9) in SUDHL4 and OCI-LY3 cells. Conclusions: We demonstrated that FASN is constitutively activated in DLBCL with expression in part dependent on cell of origin, while LPL protein or message were mostly down-regulated. HIF-1a is a constitutively activated oncogenic pathway in DLBCL (Evens AM, et al. Br J Haematol 2008) and it appeared here to directly regulate FASN expression. In addition, we showed that targeting fatty acid metabolism may be harnessed as a potential therapeutic strategy. Further investigations are required to delineate the mechanisms through which MAPK and HIF-1a regulate FASN expression and to determine the in vivo implications of FASN inhibition on DLBCL tumor growth. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

scholarly journals IDH2 Deficiency Is Critical in Myogenesis and Fatty Acid Metabolism in Mice Skeletal Muscle

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (16) ◽  
pp. 5596
Author(s):  
Jeong Hoon Pan ◽  
Jingsi Tang ◽  
Young Jun Kim ◽  
Jin Hyup Lee ◽  
Eui-Cheol Shin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Metabolism ◽  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Muscle Development ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Uncoupling Protein ◽  
Acid Oxidation ◽  
Oxidative Decarboxylation ◽  
Muscle Weight

Mitochondrial NADP+-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH2) catalyzes the oxidative decarboxylation of isocitrate into α-ketoglutarate with concurrent reduction of NADP+ to NADPH. However, it is not fully understood how IDH2 is intertwined with muscle development and fatty acid metabolism. Here, we examined the effects of IDH2 knockout (KO) on skeletal muscle energy homeostasis. Calf skeletal muscle samples from 10-week-old male IDH2 KO and wild-type (WT; C57BL/6N) mice were harvested, and the ratio of skeletal muscle weight to body and the ratio of mitochondrial to nucleic DNA were measured. In addition, genes involved in myogenesis, mitochondria biogenesis, adipogenesis, and thermogenesis were compared. Results showed that the ratio of skeletal muscle weight to body weight was lower in IDH2 KO mice than those in WT mice. Of note, a noticeable shift in fiber size distribution was found in IDH2 KO mice. Additionally, there was a trend of a decrease in mitochondrial content in IDH2 KO mice than in WT mice (p = 0.09). Further, mRNA expressions for myogenesis and mitochondrial biogenesis were either decreased or showed a trend of decrease in IDH2 KO mice. Moreover, genes for adipogenesis pathway (Pparg, Znf423, and Fat1) were downregulated in IDH2 KO mice. Interestingly, mRNA and protein expression of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), a hallmark of thermogenesis, were remarkably increased in IDH2 KO mice. In line with the UCP1 expression, IDH2 KO mice showed higher rectal temperature than WT mice under cold stress. Taken together, IDH2 deficiency may affect myogenesis, possibly due to impairments of muscle generation and abnormal fatty acid oxidation as well as thermogenesis in muscle via upregulation of UCP1.

scholarly journals Effects of Plant Sterols Intake on Systematic and Tissue Specific Lipid Metabolism in C57BL/6J Mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 388-388
Author(s):  
Qian Zhu ◽  
Jingjing Wu ◽  
Daxue He ◽  
Xuemei Lian
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Fatty Acid Metabolism ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Plant Sterols ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Tissue Specific ◽  
Free Sterols ◽  
Specific Lipid

Abstract Objectives To investigate the effects of plant sterols intake on systematic and tissue specific lipid metabolism in C57BL/6J mice. Methods Male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into control diet group (CS) and plant sterol group (PS, 2% plant sterols). After 28 weeks of continuous feeding, the serum of the mice were collected for biochemical and mass spectrometry tests. Serum levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG) and free sterols were determined. The livers and lungs were collected for free sterol quantification and RNA-seq analysis. Results Compared with the CS group, 2% plant sterols intake significantly reduced the levels of TC in the serum of mice (P &lt; 0.05), with the TG level unchanged. The quantitative results of free sterols showed that the concentration of campesterol were increased, and the cholestanol levels were decreased significantly in the serum and liver of the PS group mice. The results of RNA-seq analysis were used to further evaluate its impact on the lipid metabolism related gene expression profile in the livers and lungs. The results showed that HMGCR, SQLE, HMGCS1, SREBF1, and other genes related to cholesterol synthesis in the PS group were significantly up-regulated in the liver, but not in the lung; Among the first 20 targeting pathways related to the action of plant sterols, the liver differentially expressed genes were enriched in lipid metabolism (steroid biosynthesis, terpenoid skeleton biosynthesis, peroxisome, bile acid secretion, PPAR, MAPK, fatty acid metabolism.), inflammation related (Cell adhesion molecules, leukocyte trans-endothelial migration) and amino acid metabolism (glutathione, valine, leucine and isoleucine metabolism). The differential genes in lung tissue are enriched in lipid metabolism (acetone metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, insulin resistance, terpenoid skeleton biosynthesis, iron death, PPAR), cell function (internal Swallowing, aging) and vascular smooth muscle contraction etc. Conclusions Differentially expressed gene networks reflect the multi-dimensional regulation of plant sterols on tissue specific lipid metabolism, which lays a good foundation for further revealing its mechanism. Funding Sources Yihaikerry Nutrition and Food Safety Foundation, Chinese Nutrition Society; Project of Technology Innovation and Application, Chongqing, China

scholarly journals Integrated analysis of transcriptomic and proteomic data from tree peony (P. ostii) seeds reveals key developmental stages and candidate genes related to oil biosynthesis and fatty acid metabolism

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaojing Wang ◽  
Haiying Liang ◽  
Dalong Guo ◽  
Lili Guo ◽  
Xiangguang Duan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Seed Development ◽  
Fatty Acid Metabolism ◽  
Proteomic Analysis ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Integrated Analysis ◽  
Tree Peony ◽  
Oil Biosynthesis

Abstract Tree peony (Paeonia section Moutan DC.) seeds are an excellent source of beneficial natural compounds that promote health, and they contain high levels of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA). In recent years, tree peony has been emerging as an oil crop. Therefore, combined analysis of the transcriptome and proteome of tree peony (P. ostii) seeds at 25, 32, 39, 53, 67, 81, 88, 95, and 109 days after pollination (DAP) was conducted to better understand the transcriptional and translational regulation of seed development and oil biosynthesis. A total of 38,482 unigenes and 2841 proteins were identified. A total of 26,912 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 592 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were clustered into three groups corresponding to the rapid growth, seed inclusion enrichment and conversion, and late dehydration and mature stages of seed development. Fifteen lipid metabolism pathways were identified at both the transcriptome and proteome levels. Pathway enrichment analysis revealed that a period of rapid fatty acid biosynthesis occurred at 53–88 DAP. Furthermore, 211 genes and 35 proteins associated with the fatty acid metabolism pathway, 63 genes and 11 proteins associated with the biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs), and 115 genes and 24 proteins associated with ALA metabolism were identified. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that 16 putative fatty acid desaturase (FAD)-encoding genes clustered into four FAD groups, eight of which exhibited the highest expression at 53 DAP, suggesting that they play an important role in ALA accumulation. RT-qPCR analysis indicated that the temporal expression patterns of oil biosynthesis genes were largely similar to the RNA-seq results. The expression patterns of fatty acid metabolism- and seed development-related proteins determined by MRM were also highly consistent with the results obtained in the proteomic analysis. Correlation analysis indicated significant differences in the number and abundance of DEGs and DEPs but a high level of consistency in expression patterns and metabolic pathways. The results of the present study represent the first combined transcriptomic and proteomic analysis of tree peony seeds and provide insight into tree peony seed development and oil accumulation.

scholarly journals Identification of differentially expressed genes in the longissimus dorsi muscle of Luchuan and Duroc pigs by transcriptome sequencing

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pengcheng Pan ◽  
Zhaoxian Qin ◽  
Wan Xie ◽  
Di Jiao ◽  
Baojian Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Fatty Acid Metabolism ◽  
Transcriptome Sequencing ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Longissimus Dorsi ◽  
Longissimus Dorsi Muscle ◽  
Dorsi Muscle

AbstractThe Duroc pig originated in the United States and is a typical lean meat pig. The breed grows fast and the body size is large, but the meat quality is poor. The Luchuan pig is one of the eight local excellent breeds in China; it has tender meat but a small size. To study the factors that determine growth, we selected the longissimus dorsi muscle of Luchuan and Duroc pigs for transcriptome sequencing. The results of transcriptome showed that 3682 genes were differentially expressed (DEGs) in the longissimus dorsi muscle of Duroc and Luchuan pigs. We screened out forty genes related to muscle development and selected the Myosin light chain-2 (MYL2) gene to perform preliminary research. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment of biological functions and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis showed that most of the forty gene were mainly involved in the Akt/FoxO signaling pathway, Fatty acid metabolism, Arachidonic acid metabolism and Glycine, serine and threonine metabolism. Such pathways contributed to skeletal muscle growth, fatty acid metabolism and intramuscular fat deposition. These results provide insight into the mechanisms underlying the formation of skeletal muscle and provide candidate genes to improve growth traits and meat quality traits, as well as contribute to improving the growth and development traits of pigs through molecular breeding.

scholarly journals Interleukin 20 receptor A expression in colorectal cancer and its clinical significance

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e12467
Author(s):  
Rui Liu ◽  
Honghao Yin ◽  
Xin Sun ◽  
Songyi Liu ◽  
Ang Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Differentially Expressed Genes ◽  
Fatty Acid Metabolism ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Clinicopathological Parameters ◽  
Oxygen Binding ◽  
Hormone Activity ◽  
Normal Tissues

Background Interleukin 20 receptor A (IL20RA) has been shown to play a role in the establishment and progression of multiple tumors. However, the expression of this protein in colorectal cancer (CRC) and its correlation with the clinicopathological parameters of CRC have remained unclear. Methods A total of 323 paraffin sections including CRC tissues and adjacent normal tissues after surgery were collected. IL20RA protein expression was detected by immunohistochemical staining. The difference expression of IL20RA mRNA between CRC and normal tissues was also explored in the Oncomine and GEO databases. In addition, the IL20RA-related differentially expressed genes were analyzed in TCGA database and enrichment analysis was conducted to explore the cell functions and pathways related to IL20RA expression. Results There was increased IL20RA expression in CRC compared with that in normal tissues. High IL20RA expression was associated with greater tumor diameter, lymph node metastasis, and poor TNM stage in CRC, while also being suggestive of poor prognosis. The main pathways of IL20RA-related differentially expressed genes in TCGA were protein heterodimerization activity, oxygen binding, oxygen transporter activity, hormone activity, and lipid transporter activity. Meanwhile, IL20RA-related differentially expressed genes were mainly enriched in peroxidase, nucleotide stimulant repair, fatty acid metabolism, basal transcription factor, and RNA degradation. Conclusions IL20RA might have a role as a biomarker for CRC. Its upregulation might contribute to an aggressive phenotype in CRC. IL20RA’s involvement in the development and progression of CRC might occur through it affecting fatty acid metabolism, oxygen binding, oxygen transport, and hormone activity.

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