scholarly journals Bacteria from Bovine Clinical Mastitis Showed Multiple Drug Resistance

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sudhakar P Awandkar ◽  
Mahesh B Kulkarni
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Dairy Industry ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Streptococcus Uberis

Abstract Mastitis, most often udder infection of dairy animals attracted concerns due to heavy economic loss to dairy industry and public health. This study was conducted to determine the cultivable bacterial species associated with bovine clinical mastitis and their resistance patterns to different antimicrobials. The milk samples from 272 quarters of cows suffering from clinical mastitis were investigated. A total of 110 bacterial isolates belonging to 14 different genera were isolated and identified. Aminoglycosides and Quinolones were found to be most effective antibiotics. We demonstrated Extended Spectrum β Lactamases (ESBL), Cephalosporins, Tetracyclines, Vancomycin and Chloramphenicol resistant Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria along with Vancomycin Resistant Enterococci (VRE), Multiple Drug Resistant Gram-Negative Rods (MDR-GNR), MDR-Pseudomonas (MDR-P) and MDR Acinetobacter (MDR-A). The ESBLs and cephalosporins resistant S. aureus isolates showed resistance to Vancomycin. Wide spread of resistance among Streptococcus uberis against ESBLs and Cephalosporins, widely used antibiotics in bovine mastitis, was documented. Variable MDR patterns were recorded for every species. MDR transfer from non-pathogens to emerging foodborne and established mastitis pathogens could be potential problem to dairy industry as well as public health.

Occurrence of Multiple-Drug Resistance bacteria and their antimicrobial resistance patterns in burn infections from southwest of Iran

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Hashemzadeh ◽  
Reza Heydari ◽  
Aram Asareh Zadegan Dezfuli ◽  
Morteza Saki ◽  
Hossein Meghdadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Maximum Resistance ◽  
Resistance Patterns

Abstract Background Burn infection continues to be a major issue of concern globally and causes more harm to developing countries. This study aimed to identify the aerobic bacteriological profiles and antimicrobial resistance patterns of burn infections in three hospitals in Abadan, southwest Iran. Methods The cultures of various clinical samples obtained from 325 burn patients were investigated from January to December 2019. All bacterial isolates were identified based on the standard microbiological procedures. Antibiotic susceptibility tests were performed according to the CLSI. Results A total of 287 bacterial species were isolated burn patients.P. aeruginosa was the most frequent bacterial isolate in Gram-negative bacteria and S. epidermidis was the most frequent species isolated in Gram-positive bacteria. The maximum resistance was found to ampicillin, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, while in Gram-negative bacteria, the maximum resistance was found to imipenem, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, ceftazidime, and amikacin. The occurrence of multidrug resistance phenotype was as follows: P. aeruginosa (30.3 %), Enterobacter spp (11.1 %), Escherichia coli (10.5 %), Citrobacter spp (2.1 %), S. epidermidis (2.8 %), S. aureus, and S. saprophyticus (0.7 %). Conclusion Owing to the diverse range of bacteria that because burn wound infection, regular investigation, and diagnosis of common bacteria and their resistance patterns is recommended to determine the proper antibiotic regimen for appropriate therapy.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial susceptibility of bacteria isolated from the infected wounds of patients with lymphoedema in East Wollega, Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 114 (12) ◽  
pp. 962-973
Author(s):  
Dereje Nigussie ◽  
Eyasu Makonnen ◽  
Belete Adefris Legesse ◽  
Abebaw Fekadu ◽  
Gail Davey
Keyword(s):  
Wound Infection ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Culture Positive

Abstract Background Lymphoedema is caused by dysfunction of the lymphatic system resulting in accumulation of high-protein content fluid in the interstitial space. To date, the bacteria associated with wound infections of patients with lower limb lymphoedema in Ethiopia have not been studied. This study identified pathogenic bacteria involved in wound infection and assessed antimicrobial susceptibility patterns in patients with lymphoedema in Ethiopia. Methods Swab samples were collected from the wounds of patients with lymphoedema and cultured using standard microbiological techniques. Micro-organisms were identified by colony morphology followed by identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing using the automated VITEK 2 COMPACT Microbial Detection System. Results Swabs were collected from 103 patients and 84 were culture positive: 44 (52.4%) culture-positive samples showed polymicrobial growth and 40 (47.6%) grew single bacterial isolates. In total, 134 isolates were obtained, of which 26 gram-negative and 12 gram-positive bacterial species were identified. A total of 28/63 (44.4%) gram-negative isolates and 3/57 (5.3%) gram-positive isolates were multiple drug resistant. There was no resistance to ciprofloxacin, moxifloxacin or gentamycin among gram-negative or gram-positive bacteria. Conclusion In this study, many infections were polymicrobial and showed multiple drug resistance. Fluoroquinolones and gentamycin, however, seemed to be effective against bacterial wound infection in this setting.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Resistance Profiling of Biofilm Forming Non Typhoidal Salmonella enterica Isolates from Poultry and Its Associated Food Products from Pakistan

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 785
Author(s):  
Abubakar Siddique ◽  
Sara Azim ◽  
Amjad Ali ◽  
Saadia Andleeb ◽  
Aitezaz Ahsan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Zoonotic Potential ◽  
Salmonella Spp

Salmonellosis caused by non-typhoidal Salmonellaenterica from poultry products is a major public health concern worldwide. This study aimed at estimating the pathogenicity and antimicrobial resistance in S. enterica isolates obtained from poultry birds and their food products from different areas of Pakistan. In total, 95/370 (25.67%) samples from poultry droppings, organs, eggs, and meat were positive for Salmonella. The isolates were further identified through multiplex PCR (mPCR) as Salmonella Typhimurium 14 (14.7%), Salmonella Enteritidis 12 (12.6%), and other Salmonella spp. 69 (72.6%). The phenotypic virulence properties of 95 Salmonella isolates exhibited swimming and/or swarming motility 95 (100%), DNA degrading activity 93 (97.8%), hemolytic activity 92 (96.8%), lipase activity 87 (91.6%), and protease activity 86 (90.5%). The sopE virulence gene known for conferring zoonotic potential was detected in S. Typhimurium (92.8%), S. Enteritidis (100%), and other Salmonella spp. (69.5%). The isolates were further tested against 23 antibiotics (from 10 different antimicrobial groups) and were found resistant against fifteen to twenty-one antibiotics. All isolates showed multiple drug resistance and were found to exhibit a high multiple antibiotic-resistant (MAR) index of 0.62 to 0.91. The strong biofilm formation at 37 °C reflected their potential adherence to intestinal surfaces. There was a significant correlation between antimicrobial resistance and the biofilm formation potential of isolates. The resistance determinant genes found among the isolated strains were blaTEM-1 (59.3%), blaOxA-1 (18%), blaPSE-1 (9.5%), blaCMY-2 (43%), and ampC (8.3%). The detection of zoonotic potential MDR Salmonella in poultry and its associated food products carrying cephalosporin and quinolone resistance genes presents a major threat to the poultry industry and public health.

scholarly journals Isolation, Molecular Identification and Multidrug Resistance Profiling of Bacteria Causing Clinical Mastitis in Cows

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.J. Vatalia ◽  
B.B. Bhanderi ◽  
V.R. Nimavat ◽  
M.K. Jhala
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern

Background: Mastitis, the inflammation of parenchyma of mammary gland is frequently considered to be costliest and complex disease prevalent in India. Mastitis is caused by pathogens like Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus spp., Mycoplasma bovis, E. coli, Klebsiella spp., Citrobacter spp., Enterobacter spp. and Entercoccus. The treatment of mastitis in animals is carried out using antibiotics. Treatment failure in mastitis is due to increased antibiotic resistance of mastitis pathogens and also due to indiscriminate use of antibiotics without testing in vitro antibiotic sensitivity test against causal organisms. In comparison to cultural method, PCR assays takes less time for detection of bacteria from the mastitis milk samples. Present research work was carried out regarding isolation, identification and multiple drug resistance profile of clinical bovine mastitis associated pathogens using conventional as well as molecular approach. Methods: In the present study, 73 mastitis milk samples were collected from Anand and Panchmahal district of Gujarat. The milk samples were subjected for cultural isolation and DNA extraction for identification of bacteria by cultural and PCR method. Antimicrobial sensitivity pattern of the isolates were carried by disc diffusion method and isolates were categorized in multiple drug resistant. Result: In the present study, Out of 73 mastitis milk samples collected from cows 48 (65.75%) cows were positive for bacterial isolation and S. aureus was the most predominant bacterial species. PCR from the mastitis milk additionally detected bacteria in culturally negative milk samples. Most sensitive drug was gentamicin and most of the isolates (90.19%) showed the multiple drug resistance for the two to nine drugs with 0.1 to 0.6 multiple antibiotic resistance index.

scholarly journals Aerobic Gram-negative pharyngeal bacilli of adult Ethiopians: carrier rates and antibiograms

1986 ◽  
Vol 97 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yohannes Mengistu ◽  
Messele Gedebou
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Great Majority ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Carriage Rate ◽  
Antibacterial Drugs ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Aerobic Culture ◽  
Duration Of Hospitalization ◽  
Underlying Diseases

SummaryOne thousand pharyngeal swab specimens were processed for aerobic culture to determine the carriage rate of Gram-negative bacilli (GNB). The isolates were identified and their sensitivity determined to 11 antibacterial drugs following standard techniques.Similar pharyngeal carriage rates of GNB were found among the various groups of healthy subjects. Patients had higher colonization rates (27%) than healthy subjects (16%). The increase in prevalence of GNB seemed to be associated with underlying diseases and duration of hospitalization.Klebsiella (36%) was the most frequent genus amongst the 215 isolates of GNB followed by pseudomonas (13%), enterobacter (13%) and acinetobacter (10%). Others were less frequently isolated.Over 70% of all isolates were resistant to ampicillin (79%) and carbenicillin (72%); 55, 45 and 43% were resistant to cephalothin, tetracycline and streptomycin, respectively. The great majority of the strains were sensitive to the remaining six drugs.The hospital isolates were more resistant than the non-hospital isolates to most drugs tested. The hospital strains were also more often multiply resistant (89%) than the non-hospital strains (60%). Sixty-five different resistance antibiograms of 1—10 drugs were observed among 191 strains. More varied types of antibiograms were observed among hospital strains.The high frequency of multiple drug resistance of the isolates is an indication of the extensive use of antibacterial drugs, indicating the need for a policy for judicious use of drugs.

scholarly journals Yeasts as a causative agent of bovine mastitis in Greece

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 105 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. BOURTZI-HATZOPOULOU (Ε. ΜΠΟΥΡΤΖΗ-ΧΑΤΖΟΠΟΥΛΟΥ) ◽  
A. ZDRAGAS (Α. ΖΔΡΑΓΚΑΣ) ◽  
E. PETRIDOU (Ε. ΠΕΤΡΙΔΟΥ) ◽  
G. FILIOUSIS (Γ. ΦΙΛΙΟΥΣΗΣ)
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Geotrichum Candidum ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Antibacterial Treatment ◽  
Northern Greece ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Mastitic Milk

The aim of this study was to isolate fungi from mastitic milk of dairy cows and to identify fungal microorganisms involved in bovine mastitis. A total of 608 milk samples from clinical mastitis quarters from 580 animals in Northern Greece were collected, during the years 1997-2001. Antibacterial treatment was administrated to 50% of the sampled animals. Forty two (42) fungi were isolated and identified using mycological media and methods. From the 42 fungi isolates, 38 were yeasts and 4 moulds. The yeasts isolated were classified into the genera Candida, Geotrichum, Rhodotorula. From the thirty four (34) Candida species, 14 were identified as G tropicalis and 6 as G krusei. Furthermore, 4 isolates were classified as G pseudotropicalis, 4 as G albicans, 3 as G parapsilosis and 3 as G rugosa. Geotrichum candidum and Rhodotorula spp. were represented with 2 isolates. The isolated moulds were classified into the genus Aspergillus. Fungi were isolated in pure culture from 38 milk samples and in mixed culturewith bacteria from 4. In 510 samples only bacteria were cultured, while in 56 samples no growth of microorganism was observed. The results of the present study indicate that a level of 6.9% of mycotic mastitis is significant and yeasts are apparently implicated in mammary gland pathology causing economic loss.

scholarly journals Diversity, virulence and antibiogram traits of Escherichia coli recovered from potable water sources in Gharbia, Egypt

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 430-438
Author(s):  
Walid Elmonir ◽  
Etab Mohamed Abo Remela ◽  
Yasmine Alwakil
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Well Water ◽  
E Coli

Abstract This study aimed to assess the public health risk of coliforms and Escherichia coli contamination of potable water sources in Egypt. A total of 150 water samples (100 tap and 50 well) were collected from five districts in Gharbia governorate, Egypt. High rates of coliforms contamination were recorded in 52 and 76% of examined tap and well water samples, respectively. E. coli strains were detected in 16% of the water samples (15% tap water and 18% well water; 23.7% rural and 8.1% urban). Rural water sources were 3.5 times more likely to be contaminated than urban sources (P = 0.01). Eight (33.3%) E. coli isolates were Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC). Multiple drug resistance (MDR) was observed for 62.5% of the isolates. Seven (29.2%) E. coli isolates harboured at least one of the extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) genes. The majority (87.5%) of the STEC isolates were MDRs and harboured ESBL genes. STEC isolates were significantly more likely to resist six classes of antibiotics than non-STEC isolates. This is the first report of potable water contamination with MDR-STEC in Egypt. This study highlights an alarming public health threat that necessitates preventive interventions for public and environmental safety.

Design, synthesis, docking, characterization and biological screening of novel azetidinone derivatives of nicotinic acid

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Amuthalakshmi Sivaperuman ◽  
N. Ramalakshmi Natarajan ◽  
Arunkumar Subramani ◽  
Prabakaran A
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Nicotinic Acid ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Docking Studies ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Design Synthesis ◽  
Development Of Resistance ◽  
Derivatives Of

Background: The prevailing multiple drug resistance among the bacterial species is alarmingly raising day to day which has become a global threat. Many infectious diseases have become untreated due to the development of resistance in bacterial species which have a considerable impact on mortality. Methods: In this present study, we aimed to synthesis a series of 12 compounds [S1-S12] which are azetidinone derivatives of nicotinic acid. The invitro antibacterial studies were performed against certain species of gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Molecular docking studies were performed to identify the affinity towards the target protein. The antioxidant study was also performed for the synthesized compounds. Results: All the synthesized compounds exhibited moderate to potent antibacterial activity with a MIC range of 9.8-21.6 µgmL-1, compounds were active against all tested micro-organisms. The compounds substituted with electron-donating groups like hydroxyl showed higher antioxidant activity compared to others. Docking studies were performed on the active site of DNA gyrase [PDBID: 5L3J,2XCT, 1W7Q]. Conclusion: The present study reveals the compounds synthesized exhibit very good antimicrobial activity and antioxidant activity. So, these compounds may be used as a lead for the anticancer, anti-tubercular, and other chemotherapeutic agents in future studies.

scholarly journals Nocardiosis: an overview and additional report of 28 cases in cattle and dogs

2008 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 177-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Márcio Garcia Ribeiro ◽  
Tatiana Salerno ◽  
Ana Luiza de Mattos-Guaraldi ◽  
Thereza Cristina Ferreira Camello ◽  
Hélio Langoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Bovine Milk ◽  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Nocardia Asteroides ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Type V ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

Phenotypic characteristics, antimicrobial susceptibility profile, and clinical-epidemiological features of 28 Nocardia strains isolated from 19 cases of bovine mastitis, eight cutaneous-subcutaneous lesions and one case of pneumonia in dogs were evaluated. Microbiological, biochemical, cytological and scanning electron microscopy methods were used in diagnosis. Nocardia asteroides type IV, Nocardia otitidiscaviarum,Nocardia nova (type III) and Nocardia farcinica (type V) were isolated from bovine milk, bronchial lavage and/or cutaneous-subcutaneous abscesses in dogs. Nocardial bovine mastitis was diagnosed predominantly in clinical cases, in dairy herds with poor environmental hygienic conditions between milking and inappropriate intramammary therapy. Canine nocardiosis was observed commonly in animals co-infected with distemper virus. Sulphamethoxazole-trimethoprim (92.8%), amikacin (92.8%) and ceftiofur (92.8%) were the most effective drugs in 28 isolates. Multiple drug resistance to three or more and five or more antimicrobials was observed in ten (35.7%) and three (10.7%) strains, respectively, predominantly with use of cloxaxillin, cefoperazone and ampicillin. The species (type) classification, clinical-epidemiological characteristics, diagnosis, multiple-drug resistance and public health considerations in Nocardia strains isolated from cattle and dogs in Brazil are discussed, with special reference to report of bovine mastitis by N. otitidiscaviarum by first time in Brazil and the similarity between Nocardia species isolated from human and animal origin.

scholarly journals Development of an improved Streptococcus uberis experimental mastitis challenge model using different doses and strains in lactating dairy cows

2015 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 470-477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manouchehr Khazandi ◽  
Patricia Eats ◽  
Darren Trott ◽  
Esmaeil Ebrahimie ◽  
Jeanette Perry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Success Rate ◽  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Infection Model ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Streptococcus Uberis ◽  
Reliable Model ◽  
High Doses

Developing a reliable mastitis challenge infection model is required to test new intramammary antimicrobial preparations, other novel bovine mastitis treatments, and study mastitis pathogenesis. Three treatment groups of Holstein Friesian cows in active lactation were administered two doses (104 and 106 cfu/quarter) on a single occasion with one of the three Streptococcus uberis strains (BFR6019, MFF1283 and SA002) suspended in 5 ml of sterile PBS, administered via intramammary inoculation immediately after milking. All quarters that were challenged with S. uberis strains MLF1283 and BFR6019 showed clinical signs of mastitis on day 1 and 2 after the challenge. Strain SA002 had a lower rate of inducing clinical mastitis which was detected later than day 3 after the challenge. We successfully developed a rapid and reliable model for inducing experimental S. uberis mastitis with 100% success rate in cows in active lactation. On the basis of the correlation results between strains, RAPD fingerprinting results, clinical findings, and a 100% success rate of mastitis induction for low and high doses S. uberis strains MLF1283 and BFR6019, strain virulence seems to be a more important effect than challenge dose in induction of clinical mastitis following experimental challenge.

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