Ethnomedicinal Plants Used for the Treatment of Rabies in Ethiopian Traditional Medical Practices: a review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
samuel chane teferi
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Search Strategy ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Traditional Medicines ◽  
Phytolacca Dodecandra ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Health Burdens ◽  
Policy Incentives

Abstract Background Rabies is a zoonotic disease affecting a wide range of wild and domestic animals, including livestocks.It is a major public-health problem which presents huge economic and health burdens in most parts of the developing world. The objective of this review was to prepare a compiled checklist of medicinal plants used traditionally for the management of rabies from various ethnobotanical, ethno pharmacological, and related studies in Ethiopia. Methods A website-based search strategy was employed. Databases (PubMed, Google Scholar, Research Gate, Medline, Scopus, Web of Science) were searched for published studies. The search items used were“medicinal plants”, “traditional medicines”, and “Ethiopia or Indigenous people.” A descriptive statistical method, percentage and frequency were used to analyze ethno-botanical data on reported medicinal plants and associated indigenous knowledge. The results were presented using charts and tables. Results Eighty medicinal plant species which belong to 43 families and 68 genera were found to be used in the treatment of rabies in Ethiopia. Those medicinal plants were distributed in Amhara, Oromia and Southern nation, nationalities and peoples of Ethiopia.Cucurbitaceae and Euphorbiaceae, represented by 7 species (8.75%), Solanaceae represented by 6 (7.5%) species. Phytolacca dodecandra and Justicia schimperianawere the most used/cited plant species. The habit forms of the plant species were herbs 18 (22.5%), shrubs 17 (21.25%) and while the most commonly used parts of the plant were 42% roots and 15% leaf. Conclusions According to the review there are many medicinal plants for the treatment of rabies. It is recommended to perform phytochemical screening for most reported plants.Ethiopia requires an enforceable policy that protects wild medicinal plants and policy incentives for the cultivation of medicinal plants to reduce overexploitation.

scholarly journals Antibacterial and Antifungal Activities of Ethiopian Medicinal Plants: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dereje Nigussie ◽  
Gail Davey ◽  
Takele Beyene Tufa ◽  
Malcolm Brewster ◽  
Belete Adefris Legesse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Antifungal Activities ◽  
Traditional Medicines ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal Activities ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal

Background: Podoconiosis and lymphatic filariasis are the most common causes of lower limb lymphoedema in the tropics. Many sufferers experience frequent painful episodes of acute bacterial infection. Plant based traditional medicines are used to treat infections in many countries and are culturally established in Ethiopia. Ethiopian medicinal plants found to have antibacterial and antifungal activities were reviewed with the aim of increasing information about the treatment of wound infections in patients with lymphoedema.Methods: This study collates data from published articles on medicinal plants with antibacterial and antifungal activities in Ethiopia. A systematic search of Scopus, EMBASE, PUBMED/MEDLINE and Google Scholar was undertaken. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines were followed. The protocol was registered on PROSPERO with registration number CRD42019127471. All controlled studies of in vitro antibacterial and antifungal activities were considered. All articles containing the descriptors published until June 28, 2019 were included. The outcome was measured as percent inhibition of microbial growth. For quality assessment of individual in vitro studies, OECD guidelines and the WHO-Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) handbook were used.Results: Seventy-nine studies met the inclusion criteria. A total of 150 plant species and three compounds had been tested against 42 species of bacteria, while 43 plant species had been tested against 22 species of fungus.Conclusion: Materials derived from several Ethiopian medicinal plants have been shown to have promising activity against a variety of bacteria and fungi. Those derived from Azadiractha indica A. Juss. and Lawsonia inerms L. are the most extensively studied against a wide range of gram-negative and positive bacteria, and fungal species.

A review of Tunisian medicinal plants with anticancer activity

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wissem Aidi Wannes ◽  
Moufida Saidani Tounsi ◽  
Brahim Marzouk
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Anticancer Activity ◽  
Scientific Journal ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Journal Articles ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Types

AbstractCancer is a major public health problem in the world. The use of the medicinal plants in cancer prevention and management is frequent in Africa, especially in Tunisia, and it is transmitted from generation to generation within cultures. Many previous studies showed that a wide range of Tunisian medicinal plants exerted cytotoxic and anticancer activity. A comprehensive review was conducted to collect information from scientific journal articles, including indigenous knowledge researches, about Tunisian medicinal plants used for the prevention and management of cancer. The aim of this review article is to provide the reader with information concerning the importance of Tunisian medicinal plants in the prevention and management of cancer and to open the door for the health professionals and scientists working in the field of pharmacology and therapeutics to produce new drug formulations to treat different types of cancer.

Medicinal Plants and Bioactive Compounds for Diabetes Management: Important Advances for Drug Discovery

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kondeti Ramudu Shanmugam ◽  
Bhasha Shanmugam ◽  
Gangigunta Venkatasubbaiah ◽  
Sahukari Ravi ◽  
Kesireddy Sathyavelu Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Herbal Medicine ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Diabetes Management ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Major Public Health Problem

Background : Diabetes is a major public health problem in the world. It affects each and every part of the human body and also leads to organ failure. Hence, great progress made in the field of herbal medicine and diabetic research. Objectives: Our review will focus on the effect of bioactive compounds of medicinal plants which are used to treat diabetes in India and other countries. Methods: Information regarding diabetes, oxidative stress, medicinal plants and bioactive compounds were collected from different search engines like Science direct, Springer, Wiley online library, Taylor and francis, Bentham Science, Pubmed and Google scholar. Data was analyzed and summarized in the review. Results and Conclusion: Anti-diabetic drugs that are in use have many side effects on vital organs like heart, liver, kidney and brain. There is an urgent need for alternative medicine to treat diabetes and their disorders. In India and other countries herbal medicine was used to treat diabetes. Many herbal plants have antidiabetic effects. The plants like ginger, phyllanthus, curcumin, aswagandha, aloe, hibiscus and curcuma showed significant anti-hyperglycemic activities in experimental models and humans. The bioactive compounds like Allicin, azadirachtin, cajanin, curcumin, querceitin, gingerol possesses anti-diabetic, antioxidant and other pharmacological properties. This review focuses on the role of bioactive compounds of medicinal plants in prevention and management of diabetes. Conclusion: Moreover, our review suggests that bioactive compounds have the potential therapeutic potential against diabetes. However, further in vitro and in vivo studies are needed to validate these findings.

scholarly journals Biogenic Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles with Antimicrobial Properties

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Evangelia A Pavlatou
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Synthetic Methods ◽  
Synthesis Process ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Biogenic Synthesis ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi

The transmission of a wide range of diseases, related to the infection by pathogenic microorganisms is a major public health problem that daily endangers the safety of human population. Silver has been thoroughly studied and used against bacteria due to its antimicrobial properties. Nanostructured silver gathers all the advantages of the silver itself, as well as the advanced performance of the nanomaterials. Thus, currently, silver nanoparticles constitute the most widely used kind of nanoparticles in biomedicine, due to their attractive antimicrobial properties. A variety of physical and chemical methods are employed for the AgNPs synthesis. However, many of them include the use of toxic reagents or require large amounts of energy, during the synthesis process. For this reason, many eco-friendly methods are proposed in order to synthesize AgNPs. Hence, biogenic synthesis of AgNPs, utilizing biological resources opens a novel route for the development of alternative production processes.These methods seem to have significant advantages, as the extracts contribute positively to the formation and enhancement of the antimicrobial activity of AgNPs, also acting as protective agents of the produced particles. In this review an integrated approach of AgNPs bio-synthetic methods using microorganisms, such as bacteria and fungi, plants and plant extracts, as well as several templates, like DNA and viruses is discussed, shedding light on the comparative advantages of them.

scholarly journals Understanding the social determinants of TB and HIV in South Asia

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bishwajit Ghose ◽  
Cheng Zhaohui ◽  
He Zhifei
Keyword(s):  
South Asia ◽  
Healthcare System ◽  
Social Determinants ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Asian Population ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
South Asian Population ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Mdr Tb

South Asian population suffer a particularly wide range of infectious diseases among which TB and HIV appear to produce most profound influence across various dimensions of social life, healthcare and the economy. Although the countries in this region have a relatively lower prevalence of HIV/AIDS compared to other developing regions until now, the future looks rather bleak in terms of preparedness for emerging healthcare realities. Tuberculosis on the other hand, has always been a major public health problem plaguing the healthcare system and the economy for decades. Moreover, the emergence of the drug resistant (MDR-TB & XDR-TB) strains are making the existing intervention and prevention strategies less effective and posing ever-growing threats to the underdeveloped healthcare infrastructure. Understanding the underlying social-determinants of these diseases can prove crucial to design more comprehensive intervention approaches. This article aims to clarify why the healthcare system in South Asia needs to adopt a social-determinants-of-health (SDOH) approach as a long-term strategy for more efficient prevention and control of TB and HIV infection.

scholarly journals Medicinal Plants from Vettangudi Water Bird Sanctuary in Sivagangai District of Tamil Nadu, Southern India

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-140
Author(s):  
S Shanmugam ◽  
C P Muthupandi ◽  
V M Eswaran ◽  
K Rajendran
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Medicinal Uses ◽  
Traditional Medicines ◽  
Water Bird ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Healthcare Needs ◽  
The People ◽  
Exploitation And Utilization

Most of the people depending on traditional medicine to meet their primary healthcare needs. Documenting the indigenous knowledge through ethnobotanical studies is important for the conservation of biological resources as well as their sustainable utilization. It is also necessary to collect the information about the knowledge of traditional medicines before it is permanently lost. Having all these facts in mind, the present study was carried out to document the plants used as medicine by the people inhabiting around the Vettangudi Water Bird Sanctuary of Sivagangai district in Tamil Nadu, India. The field survey was conducted in two villages situated near to Vettangudi Water Bird Sanctuary. The medicinal uses of 40 angiospermic plant species belonging to 36 genera of 24 families for various diseases and ailments were recorded by this study. The people inhabiting in the study area used 45 herbal therapies prepared from 40 plants to treat 27 different illnesses. Regarding the plant parts used, leaf was the mostly used plant part (51.16%) and extract was found as mostly followed mode (42.28%) to treat a particular disease. Attention should be made on proper exploitation and utilization of these medicinally important plant species. Keywords: Medicinal plants, Vettangudi Water Bird Sanctuary, Sivagangai district, Tamil Nadu.

scholarly journals Documentation of Indigenous Knowledge on Folk Medicine in Doddakavalande Doddakavalande Hobli, Nanjangud Taluk of Mysore District, Karnataka

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-47
Author(s):  
M Nagalakshmi ◽  
S Rashmi
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Indigenous Knowledge ◽  
Traditional Knowledge ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Traditional Healers ◽  
Drug Formulation ◽  
Ethnobotanical Survey ◽  
Traditional Medicines ◽  
Herbal Formulations

An ethnobotanical survey was conducted to collect information from traditional healers on the use of herbal medicine in Doddakavalande Hobli, Nanjangud taluk of Mysore District. The indigenous knowledge of local healers was documented through questionnaire and personal interviews. In the present study, about 19 respondents of age group between 50 to 89 yrs gave information of traditional medicines used to cure different ailments. Of about 35 plant species belonging to 26 families were used for the treatment of human ailments. In which family Fabaceae and Polygonaceae contained 3 plant species, followed by Acanthaceae, Amaranthaceae, Apocynaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Poaceae contained 2 species each, and the rest of the families Amaryllidaceae, Anacardiaceae, Apiaceae, Aristolochiaceae, Asteraceae, Cleastraceae, Crassulaceae, Lamiaceae, Lecythidaceae,  Meliaceae,  Olaceae, Phylanthaceae, Piperaceae,  Plumbaginaceae, Poaceae, Polygonaceae, Rutaceae,  Smilacaceae, Solanaceae,  Styracaceae and Zingiberaceae. Habit wise analysis of medicinal plant species used indicated that herbs (19 species) were the most preferred life form followed by trees (8 species), shrubs (5 species) and climbers (3 species) for drug formulation. Herbal formulations were administrated either internally or applied externally depending on the type of ailment. Local people in the study area possess traditional knowledge of medicinal plants to treat various human ailments, therefore it is necessary to preserve the indigenous knowledge on traditional medicines by proper documentation, identification of plant species used, and herbal preparation. Keywords: Ethnobotany, Traditional knowledge, Medicinal plants, Mysore district.

scholarly journals Binding and neutralization of C. difficile toxins A and B by purified clinoptilolite-tuff

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. e0252211
Author(s):  
Carmen Ranftler ◽  
Dietmar Nagl ◽  
Andreas Sparer ◽  
Andreas Röhrich ◽  
Michael Freissmuth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Binding Capacity ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Toxin Binding ◽  
Clostridioides Difficile ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Natural Clinoptilolite ◽  
Clinoptilolite Tuff

Clostridioides difficile (C. difficile) infection is a major public health problem worldwide. The current treatment of C. difficile-associated diarrhea relies on the use of antibacterial agents. However, recurrences are frequent. The main virulence factors of C. difficile are two secreted cytotoxic proteins toxin A and toxin B. Alternative research exploring toxin binding by resins found a reduced rate of recurrence by administration of tolevamer. Hence, binding of exotoxins may be useful in preventing a relapse provided that the adsorbent is innocuous. Here, we examined the toxin binding capacity of G-PUR®, a purified version of natural clinoptilolite-tuff. Our observations showed that the purified clinoptilolite-tuff adsorbed clinically relevant amounts of C. difficile toxins A and B in vitro and neutralized their action in a Caco-2 intestinal model. This conclusion is based on four independent sets of findings: G-PUR® abrogated toxin-induced (i) RAC1 glucosylation, (ii) redistribution of occludin, (iii) rarefaction of the brush border as visualized by scanning electron microscopy and (iv) breakdown of the epithelial barrier recorded by transepithelial electrical resistance monitoring. Finally, we confirmed that the epithelial monolayer tolerated G-PUR® over a wide range of particle densities. Our findings justify the further exploration of purified clinoptilolite-tuff as a safe agent in the treatment and/or prevention of C. difficile-associated diarrhea.

scholarly journals Pemanfaatan Tumbuhan Obat Tradisional oleh Suku Mee di Distrik Kamuu, Kabupaten Dogiyai, Papua

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-27
Author(s):  
Sipriana Dogomo ◽  
Rosye H.R. Tanjung ◽  
Suharno Suharno
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Traditional Medicine ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Traditional Medicines ◽  
Plant Parts

Plants are widely used by the community as traditional medicine in an effort to maintain health. The purpose of this study was to determine the diversity of plant species used as traditional medicines and how to use them by the Mee Tribe in Kamuu District, Dogiyai Regency, Papua. The study was conducted in December 2018-July 2019. The method used in this study was a qualitative method with observation, interview, and documentation. The research showed that are 59 species of plants from 30 families that are used as medicinal plants by the Mee Tribe community. The community uses medicinal plants by: without processing 38 species, boiling 10 species, burning 7 species, and more than one way 4 species. The plant parts used are: stem (14 species), fruits (7 species), flowers (3 species), leaves (20 species), bark (2 species), tubers (1 species), and more than one part (12 species). The most widely used part of medicinal plants is leaves (33.89 %). Key words: medicinal plant, Mee, community, Dogiyai

scholarly journals A study on clinical profile of typhoid fever in children

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 1067
Author(s):  
Ranganatha A. Devaranavadagi ◽  
Srinivasa S.
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Typhoid Fever ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Common Symptom ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern ◽  
Wide Range

Background: Typhoid fever is caused by Salmonella typhi. It is a major public health problem in India. Typhoid fever is endemic in many developing countries. Wide variations in the clinical manifestations of typhoid fever make its diagnosis a challenging task. This study was conducted to understand the wide range of clinical manifestations, complications and antibiotic sensitivity patterns of typhoid fever in children.Methods:Prospectively, 113 children admitted in pediatric unit with confirmed Typhoid fever from September 2015 to December 2016 at KIMS hospital, Bangalore were included. In each case, age, sex, presenting complaint, laboratory investigations and antibiotic sensitivity pattern are collected and analysed.Results: Out of 113 cases, 72 cases (63.8.1%) were males, 41 cases (36.2%) were females. The most common age group was 5-10 years. The most common symptom was fever, seen in 100% cases, followed by anorexia (61%), vomiting (44%) and abdominal pain (18%). The most common sign observed was toxic look in 68% of the cases, followed by coated tongue in 49% and hepatomegaly in 44%. Leucocytopenia was found in 34% of cases. Eosinopenia was found in 39% of cases. Anaemia was found in 16% of cases. Thrombocytopenia was found in 15% of cases. Blood culture was positive in 20% of cases. Use of municipal water for drinking was found in 65% of cases. Outside eating was found in 40% of cases. Unhygienic practices were found in 64% of cases. Duration of hospital stay varied from 3-10 days. No mortality reported.Conclusions:Typhoid fever is most commonly observed with unhygienic practices and eating of unhealthy outside food. This major public health issue can be tackled by bringing awareness among people regarding disease transmission and its various preventive measures. 

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