scholarly journals Speciation of Metals and Their Bioaccumulation by Edible Bivalves (Cassosstrea Spp. And Polymesoda Spp.) in the Aquatic Bodies of Goa, West Coast of India

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trishala Bhutia ◽  
Maheshwar Ramakant Nasnodkar ◽  
Ganapati N Nayak
Keyword(s):  
Marine Pollution ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Contamination Factor ◽  
Pollution Index ◽  
Adductor Muscle ◽  
Trophic Levels ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Catchment Areas ◽  
Zuari Estuary

Abstract Grain size, total organic carbon, total metals and their speciation was investigated in sediments from lower Chapora Estuary, middle Zuari Estuary and Moira River in Goa, India. Study aims to understand metal bioavailability and bioaccumulation in two edible bivalves (Cassosstrea spp. and Polymesoda spp.) in three water bodies of different lengths, catchment areas, hydrodynamics and anthropogenic stress. Hydrodynamics regulated coarser sediment transport and deposition at Chapora and Moira stations, while clay particles deposition at the Zuari Estuary. Considerable difference in total metal level (Mn and/or Zn) from November to December was attributed to their additional input and variation in physicochemical processes. Contamination factor revealed moderate contamination of Zn at Chapora (November), while Zn, Cu and Co were moderately contaminated at Zuari. Presence of metals in considerable or significant amount in bioavailable fractions indicated their bioavailability. Variation in metal accumulation in gills, adductor muscle and digestive gland at three stations and between months was the result of varying hydrodynamics, trophic levels, feeding habits and pollution gradients of metal causes. Interlinkage of metals in water, sediments and bivalves revealed discrepancies in accumulation of metal type. This might be attributed to differential response of species to varying physical and biological factors at study sites. Bivalves showed a selective preference for Zn at three stations highlighting its importance in biological activities. Moreover, metals in bivalves at one or more stations exceeded the standard permissible limit and thus, indicated their toxicity to bivalves and non-suitability for human consumption according to marine pollution index.

Distribution and Contamination Status of Heavy Metals in the Surface Sediments along Western Coast of Bali Strait, Banyuwangi

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Defri Yona ◽  
Syarifah Hikmah Julinda Sari ◽  
Anedathama Kretarta ◽  
Citra Ravena Putri Effendy ◽  
Misba Nur Aini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Metal Pollution ◽  
Contamination Factor ◽  
Pollution Index ◽  
Western Coast ◽  
Sampling Locations ◽  
Accumulation Index ◽  
Geo Accumulation Index ◽  
Geo Accumulation

This study attempted to analyze the distribution and contamination status of heavy metals (Cu, Fe and Zn) along western coast of Bali Strait in Banyuwangi, East Java. Bali Strait is one of the many straits in Indonesia with high fisheries activities that could potentially contributed to high heavy metal pollution. There were five sampling areas from the north to south: Pantai Watu Dodol, Pantai Kalipuro, Ketapang Port, Pantai Boom and Muncar as the fish landing area. Heavy metal pollution in these locations comes from many different activities such as tourism, fish capture and fish industry and also domestic activities. Contamination factor (CF), geo-accumulation index (Igeo) and enrichment factor (EF) of each heavy metal were calculated to obtain contamination status of the research area. The concentrations of Fe were observed the highest (1.5-129.9 mg/kg) followed by Zn (13.2-23.5 mg/kg) and Cu (2.2-7.8 mg/kg). The distribution of Cu, Fe and Zn showed variability among the sampling locations in which high concentrations of Cu and Zn were higher in Ketapang Port, whereas high concentration of Fe was high in almost all sampling locations. According to the pollution index, contamination factors of Cu, Fe and Zn were low (CF < 1 and Igeo < 1). However, high index of EF (> 50) showed high influence of the anthropogenic activities to the contribution of the metals to the environment. This could also because of the high background value used in the calculation of the index due to the difficulties in finding background value from the sampling areas.Keywords: heavy metals, pollution index, contamination factor, geo-accumulation index, Bali Strait

Toxicity of petroleum hydrocarbons to Brachyuran crabs: a review of deleterious effects of oil-related xenobiotics on life stages

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Qusaie Karam ◽  
Zainab Al-Wazzan
Keyword(s):  
Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽  
Marine Pollution ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Crab Species ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Effects Of Ph ◽  
Ph Toxicity ◽  
Brachyuran Crabs

Abstract Petroleum hydrocarbons (PH) toxicity and bioaccumulation in aquatic organisms have been investigated for almost 50 years. Continuous oil spillages necessitate a further understanding of the toxicological effects of PH on brachyuran crabs. Crabs can be exposed to PH through various routes such as the water column, sediment and diet. Numerous investigations have been dedicated to evaluating PH toxicity on different life stages of crab species, but the majority of them have focused on the blue crab Callinectes sapidus as it represents an edible and favourable seafood commodity for human consumption. The objective of the review is to critically assess studies related to PH toxicity on different life stages of 41 crab species representing 13 families across the world. Several physiological, biochemical and genetic endpoints of marine crabs were evaluated in addition to the sublethal effects of PH on crab metabolism, behaviour, moulting, growth and survival. A concise summary of PH deleterious effects on different taxonomic species of marine crabs is discussed and provides evidence that crabs can be used as indicator organisms of biomarker significance for marine pollution. Overall, larval stages appeared to be the most sensitive to the deleterious effects of PH compared with juveniles and adults. However, adult stages have received more research attention than other life stages, followed by larval stages, and juvenile stages are the least investigated stages with respect to PH toxicity. Finally, hepatopancreas and gills were the organs where greatest accumulation of PH was recorded.

Memoirs: The Neuro-Muscular Mechanism of the Gill of Pecten

1930 ◽  
Vol s2-73 (291) ◽  
pp. 365-392
Author(s):  
S. B. SETNA
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Adductor Muscle ◽  
The Body ◽  
Muscle Fibres ◽  
Direct Stimulation ◽  
Gill Filaments ◽  
Lateral Extent ◽  
Branchial Nerve ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Stimulation Of

Experimental. 1. The contraction of the adductor-muscle which follows stimulation of the palial nerve is preceded by a marked contraction of the ctenidial axis, so that the gill contracts before the adductor-muscle becomes active. This movement of the ctenidium is abolished if the main branchial nerve is cut near its origin. 2. The gills of Pecten possess a neuromuscular mechanism which is to some extent independent of the rest of the body, so that excised gills when stimulated react in the same way as an attached gill. 3. The lamellae of the gill possess two distinct types of movement. (a) When the surface of the gill is stimulated by contact with a glass rod or by carmine particles, the frontal surfaces of the two lamellae approach each other; the movement very often being executed by the lamella which is not actually being stimulated. The lateral extent of these movements (concertina movements) is roughly proportional to the intensity of the stimulus. Such movements normally appear to transfer the bulk of the material on to the mantle. Separation of the main branchial nerve abolishes these movements. (b) Each principal filament is capable of moving the ordinary filaments to which it is attached. This movement (flapping movement) is due to the movements of the interfilamentar junctions which alternatively move up and down at right angles to their length. This motion is independent of the branchial nerve and can be produced by direct stimulation of very tiny pieces of the individual filaments. 4. The significance of gill movements to feeding habits is discussed. The course of food particles depends on the nature of the stimuli affecting the gill. Histological. 5. The ctenidial axis and the principal filaments have a stratum of anastomosing nerve-cells which appear to form a true nerve-net comparable to that of the mantle. 6. The gill receives nerve-fibres from two sources, the brain and the visceral ganglion. The subsidiary branchial nerve is a structure hitherto unknown in the molluscan gill; so far its function is unknown. Each gill has four main longitudinal nerve-trunks. 7. The osphradium of the gill has a much more extensive distribution than has hitherto been supposed. 8. Two sets of muscles exist at the base of the gill-filaments, and these are responsible for movements of the lamellae. The muscle-fibres are non-striated. 9. The principal filaments are connected to the ordinary filaments by processes containing true muscle-cells, and by these cells movements of the filaments are effected.

Trophic ecology of the chihuil sea catfish (Bagre panamensis) in the south-east Gulf of California, México

2017 ◽  
Vol 98 (4) ◽  
pp. 885-893 ◽  
Author(s):  
Víctor M. Muro-Torres ◽  
Felipe Amezcua ◽  
Raul E. Lara-Mendoza ◽  
John T. Buszkiewicz ◽  
Felipe Amezcua-Linares
Keyword(s):  
Gulf Of California ◽  
Trophic Ecology ◽  
Trophic Position ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Isotope Analysis ◽  
Demersal Fish ◽  
Trophic Levels ◽  
High Plasticity ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
Ecosystem Based Fisheries Management

The trophic ecology of the chihuil sea catfish Bagre panamensis was studied through high-resolution variations in its feeding habits and trophic position (TP) in the SE Gulf of California, relevant to sex, size and season. The combined use of stomach content (SCA) and stable isotope analysis (SIA) allowed us to perform these analyses and also estimate the TP of its preys. Results of this study show that the chihuil sea catfish is a generalist and opportunistic omnivore predator that consumes primarily demersal fish and peneid shrimps. Its diet did not vary with climatic season (rainy or dry), size or sex. Results from the SIA indicated high plasticity in habitat use and prey species. The estimated TP value was 4.19, which indicates a tertiary consumer from the soft bottom demersal community in the SE Gulf of California, preying on lower trophic levels, which aids in understanding the species' trophic role in the food web. Because this species and its prey are important to artisanal and industrial fisheries in the Gulf of California, diet assimilation information is useful for the potential establishment of an ecosystem-based fisheries management in the area.

scholarly journals Microbiological and physical-chemical characteristics of honeys from the bee Melipona fasciculata produced in two regions of Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Torquato Fernandes ◽  
Ivone Garros Rosa ◽  
Ana Carolina Conti-Silva
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Catchment Areas ◽  
Thermotolerant Coliforms ◽  
Commercially Important ◽  
Water Catchment

ABSTRACT: The honey from Tiúba bees (Melipona fasciculata) is commercially important in the Brazilian state of Maranhão. However, the absence of any specific legislation for this kind of honey is an obstacle to its increased production and commercialization. Determining the microbiological and physical-chemical characteristics of different Tiúba honey can inform the elaboration of specific legislation. Thus, honey samples from two Water Catchment Areas in Maranhão (Munim and Pericumã, sample size 20 for each) were collected and submitted for microbiological analysis (total coliforms, thermotolerant coliforms, molds and yeasts, Clostridium sulfite reducers and Salmonella sp.) and physical-chemical analysis (moisture content, reducing and non-reducing sugars, insoluble and soluble solids, ash content, acidity and pH). Most of honeys sampled were suitable for human consumption, except for one sample from Pericumã. Honeys from the two water catchment areas presented differences in some physicochemical characteristics, which can be attributed to the botanic, soil and climatic diversity of the two areas. Still, these Tiúba honey samples did not fall within the Brazilian legislation for Apis mellifera honey for some of the physical-chemical characteristics, and so is not properly regulated, thus reinforcing the need for specific legislation for this type of honey.

scholarly journals Novel Insights into the Biotechnological Production of Haematococcus pluvialis-Derived Astaxanthin: Advances and Key Challenges to Allow Its Industrial Use as Novel Food Ingredient

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 789 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Jannel ◽  
Yanis Caro ◽  
Marc Bermudes ◽  
Thomas Petit
Keyword(s):  
Haematococcus Pluvialis ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Biotechnological Production ◽  
Food Ingredient ◽  
Industrial Sustainability ◽  
Natural Forms ◽  
Biotechnological Processes

Astaxanthin shows many biological activities. It has acquired a high economic potential and its current market is dominated by its synthetic form. However, due to the increase of the health and environmental concerns from consumers, natural forms are now preferred for human consumption. Haematococcus pluvialis is artificially cultured at an industrial scale to produce astaxanthin used as a dietary supplement. However, due to the high cost of its cultivation and its relatively low biomass and pigment productivities, the astaxanthin extracted from this microalga remains expensive and this has probably the consequence of slowing down its economic development in the lower added-value market such as food ingredient. In this review, we first aim to provide an overview of the chemical and biochemical properties of astaxanthin, as well as of its natural sources. We discuss its bioavailability, metabolism, and biological activities. We present a state-of-the-art of the biology and physiology of H. pluvialis, and highlight novel insights into the biotechnological processes which allow optimizing the biomass and astaxanthin productivities. We are trying to identify some lines of research that would improve the industrial sustainability and economic viability of this bio-production and to broaden the commercial potential of astaxanthin produced from H. pluvialis.

Occurrence of Vibrio vulnificus and Toxigenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus on Sea Catfishes from Galveston Bay, Texas

2014 ◽  
Vol 77 (10) ◽  
pp. 1784-1786 ◽  
Author(s):  
LESLIE BAUMEISTER ◽  
MONA E. HOCHMAN ◽  
JOHN R. SCHWARZ ◽  
ROBIN BRINKMEYER
Keyword(s):  
Vibrio Parahaemolyticus ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Vibrio Vulnificus ◽  
Trophic Levels ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Galveston Bay ◽  
Seafood Consumption ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
Pcr Assays ◽  
Tdh Gene

Dorsal and pectoral fin spines from two species of sea catfishes (Bagre marinus and Ariopsis felis) landed at 54 sites in Galveston Bay, Texas, and its subbays from June to October 2005 were screened with traditional cultivation-based assays and quantitative PCR assays for Vibrio vulnificus and Vibrio parahaemolyticus. V. vulnificus was present on 51.2% of fish (n = 247), with an average of 403 ±337 SD cells g−1. V. parahaemolyticus was present on 94.2% (n = 247); 12.8% tested positive for the virulence-conferring tdh gene, having an average 2,039 ± 2,171 SD cells g−1. The increasing trend in seafood consumption of “trash fishes” from lower trophic levels, such as sea catfishes, warrants evaluation of their life histories for association with pathogens of concern for human consumption.

Coastal groundwater stable isotope composition as predictor and measure of marine pollution

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Mance ◽  
Davor Mance ◽  
Darija Vukić Lušić
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Environmental Economics ◽  
Marine Pollution ◽  
Isotope Composition ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressure ◽  
Karst Hydrology ◽  
Stable Isotope Composition ◽  
Causality Test ◽  
Fecal Indicator ◽  
Catchment Areas

&lt;p&gt;There are numerous health hazards arising from recreational exposures to microbiologically polluted marine environments. Microbial contaminants from catchment areas of coastal and submarine springs (due to leakages of private septic tanks and/or faults in sewage systems) could be a cause of microbial marine quality worsening after heavy rainfalls. Before testing this hypothesis groundwater dynamics should be known. Stable isotopes of water have been proven to be a very useful tool in karst hydrology and we used them as a mediator variable in predicting marine coastal water microbial contamination.&amp;#160;&lt;br&gt;We refer to the problem of the pollution from the position of environmental economics and economic institutional mechanism design, where such ecological problems are described as either stock or flow problems. Stock pollution is strongly dependent on the concentration potentials of the pollutant in the medium. Flow pollution depends on the speed of emission of the pollutant in the medium, as well as on the rate of its depletion by natural causes. On the example of fecal indicator bacteria Escherichia coli and enterococci propagating through karstic underground and finally ending in seawater we show how stable isotope composition of coastal springs&amp;#8217; water can be used to differentiate marine pollution into stock or flow.&amp;#160;&lt;br&gt;We tested the approach on two close coastal locations located at the Kvarner Bay (the Northern part of the Croatian part of the Adriatic Sea). Locations differ in terms of the open and closed sea as well as anthropogenic pressure. Groundwater and marine samples were collected during two consecutive bathing seasons (mid-May &amp;#8211; mid-September). The Panel Data Pairwise Granger Causality test was used to test for statistical associations. Static Estimated General Least Squares (EGLS) and dynamic Generalised Method of Moments (GMM) statistical methods were used to distinguish between stock and flow pollution.&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;This work was partially supported by the University of Rijeka as part of the research projects uniri-pr-prirod-19-24 and uniri-biomed-18-292.&lt;/p&gt;

Regional shifts in phytoplankton succession and primary productivity in the San Antonio Bay System (USA) in response to diminished freshwater inflows

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel L. Roelke ◽  
Hsiu-Ping Li ◽  
Carrie J. Miller-DeBoer ◽  
George M. Gable ◽  
Stephen E. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Primary Productivity ◽  
San Antonio ◽  
Sampling Period ◽  
Phosphorus Limitation ◽  
Trophic Levels ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Commercially Important ◽  
Freshwater Inflows

In many areas of the world, human consumption and climate change threaten freshwater inflows to coastal ecosystems. In the San Antonio Bay System, USA (SABS), freshwater inflows are projected to decrease in the coming decades. Our 30-month sampling period of SABS captured a prolonged period of higher inflows and a prolonged period of lower inflow. Our observations offer insights as to how this system might respond to lower freshwater inflows in the future. Of most importance in our observations was a regional shift that occurred in maximum primary productivity from the middle and lower SABS towards the upper SABS. In addition, a warm-month succession of phytoplankton taxa in the upper SABS that occurred during the wet period did not occur during the dry period. We also observed spatiotemporal shifts in apparent nitrogen- and phosphorus-limitation, with both appearing to influence phytoplankton biomass and primary productivity. Changes to SABS phytoplankton such as these might deleteriously affect organisms of higher trophic levels with life stages that are regionally confined by other factors, such as depth, macrophyte presence, and existence of hard-bottomed substrate, which in this bay system includes both commercially important and endangered species.

scholarly journals Assessment of Heavy Metal Pollution Indices in Surface Sediments From Southwestern Bay of Bengal, India

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harikrishnan Sadanandan ◽  
Senthil Nathan Dharmalingam ◽  
Nitin Agarwal ◽  
Sridharan Mouttoucomarassamy ◽  
Anbuselvan Nagarajan
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Bay Of Bengal ◽  
Marine Pollution ◽  
Contamination Factor ◽  
Pollution Indices ◽  
Southwestern Part ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Shelf Sediments

Abstract The study of heavy metal distribution in the shelf sediments of Southwestern part of Bay of Bengal is essential in determining the distribution pattern and to understand the consequences of marine pollution beside the coastal environment. The south eastern coastal areas of India are affected by several disturbances and contamination associated with accelerated industrialization and urbanization. Twenty-nine surface sediment samples were collected from shelf region of Southwestern part of Bay of Bengal and analyzed for sediment texture, organic matter and heavy metals. Pollution indices such as Enrichment Factor (EF), Geoaccumulation Index (Igeo), Contamination Factor (CF) as well as multivariate statistical analyses were used to recognize the pollution pattern and probable sources for metal contamination. Comparatively, the concentration of heavy metals in the study area is closely associated with finer fractions and organic matter. The results demonstrate that Cu, Co, Mn, Pb, Zn, Cr and Ni in most of the sites are extremely contaminated in terms of Igeo. The computed values of CF indicate very high contamination of the metals like Pb, Zn and Cr followed by uncontamination to moderate contamination of Cu, Mn, Ni, Co. Based on factor analysis, domestic and industrial activities from adjacent land areas are found to be the major contributors of heavy metals in the shelf sediments.

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