scholarly journals Viability, Yield and Expansion Capability of Feline MSCs Obtained from Subcutaneous and Reproductive Organ Adipose Depots

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Wysong ◽  
Priscilla Ortiz ◽  
Douglas Bittel ◽  
Lindsey Ott ◽  
Francis Karanu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Enzymatic Digestion ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Reproductive Organ ◽  
Allogeneic Mscs ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Function ◽  
Expansion Capacity ◽  
Negative Controls

Abstract Background: The source of multipotent stromal cells (MSC) can have a significant influence on the health and expansion capacity of the cells. As the applications for allogeneic MSCs in the treatment of feline diseases increase, the location of the initial donor tissue must be analyzed. To date, comparisons have only been made between feline MSCs collected from bone marrow or abdominal fat. This is the first report to compare cells obtained from different adipose depots in the cat. The adipose tissue was collected from 32 healthy cats undergoing spaying (fat around the ovaries and uterine horn) or subcutaneous fat collected during surgical procedures. Results: The total tissue yield from the subcutaneous fat was significantly greater than could be obtained from around the reproductive organs, leading to 3 times more total MSCs. However, the density of MSCs obtained from reproductive fat was significantly higher than from subcutaneous fat. In addition, the viability of the MSCs from the reproductive fat was significantly higher than the subcutaneous fat. When sufficient tissue was collected, it was digested either mechanically or enzymatically. Mechanical digestion further decreased the viability and yield of MSCs from subcutaneous fat compared to enzymatic digestion. Biomarkers of stem cell expansion and function were detected using qPCR. Gata6 was detected in all samples similarly regardless of site of harvest or method of digestion. Sox2 and Sox17 were also detected in all samples with higher quantities found in the enzymatically digested subcutaneous fat. Control genes of Gata4 and Pdx1 were detected in very low levels. Negative controls showed no detection prior to 50 cycles. During the first passage there was no statistically significant difference in doubling times or viability. But at P2, MSCs from the enzymatically-digested reproductive fat had the lowest doubling time and a trend towards the highest viability. Conclusion: Feline reproductive adipose tissue is a reasonable source of MSCs for eventual therapeutic applications with superior cell density, viability and expansion

scholarly journals Viability, yield and expansion capability of feline MSCs obtained from subcutaneous and reproductive organ adipose depots

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Wysong ◽  
Priscilla Ortiz ◽  
Douglas Bittel ◽  
Lindsey Ott ◽  
Francis Karanu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Viability ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Enzymatic Digestion ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Reproductive Organ ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Allogeneic Mscs ◽  
Donor Tissue ◽  
Fat Depots ◽  
Expansion Capacity

Abstract Background The source of multipotent stromal cells (MSC) can have a significant influence on the health and expansion capacity of the cells. As the applications for allogeneic MSCs in the treatment of feline diseases increase, the location of the initial donor tissue must be analyzed. To date, comparisons have only been made between feline MSCs collected from bone marrow or abdominal fat. This is the first report to compare cells obtained from different adipose depots in the cat with a focus on clinically relevant donor tissues. The tissue was collected from 34 healthy cats undergoing spaying (fat around the ovaries and uterine horn) or subcutaneous fat collected during surgical procedures. Results The amount of starting material is essential to isolate sufficient MSCs. The total tissue yield from the subcutaneous fat was significantly greater than could be obtained from around the reproductive organs, leading to 3 times more MSCs per donor. However, the concentration of MSCs obtained from reproductive fat was higher than from subcutaneous fat. In addition, the viability of the MSCs from the reproductive fat was significantly higher than the subcutaneous fat. Since most spaying occurs in young cats (under 18 months) reproductive fat was collected from adult cats during spaying, illustrating that age did not alter the yield or viability of the MSCs. When sufficient tissue was collected, it was digested either mechanically or enzymatically. Mechanical digestion further decreased the viability and yield of MSCs from subcutaneous fat compared to enzymatic digestion. Biomarkers of stem cell characterization, expansion capacity and function were detected using qPCR. CD70, CD90 and CD105 were all expressed in high levels in the 3 groups. However, the reproductive fat had higher levels of CD73 with the mechanically digested subcutaneous fat having the least. Gata6 was detected in all samples while Sox2 and Sox17 were also detected with higher quantities found in the enzymatically digested subcutaneous fat. Negative control genes of Gata4 and Pdx1 showed no detection prior to 50 cycles. During the first three passages, age of the donor, location of the donor tissue, or digestion protocol had no effect on cell culture doubling times or cell viability. Conclusions While MSCs from reproductive fat had superior cells/tissue weight and initial viability, there were still dramatically fewer cells obtained compared to subcutaneous fat due to the limited amount of tissue surrounding the reproductive organs. Further, in P1-P3 cultures there were no differences noted in doubling time or cell viability between tissue obtained from reproductive or subcutaneous fat depots.

Abstract 5822: Atherosclerotic Plaque Inflammation Synchronize With Inflammatory Activity OF Visceral Fat

Circulation ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 118 (suppl_18) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eung Ju Kim ◽  
Hong Seog Seo ◽  
Sungeun Kim ◽  
Jin Oh Na ◽  
Jae Hyoung Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Atherosclerotic Plaque ◽  
Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽  
Visceral Fat ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Fdg Uptake ◽  
Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Plaque Inflammation ◽  
Visceral Adipose

Background: Visceral adipose tissue is thought to confer increased cardiovascular risk through leukocyte infiltration and increased adipose macrophage activity. Previous positron emission tomography (PET) studies using fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) demonstrated that increased FDG uptake could reflect the severity of inflammation in atherosclerotic plaque. We hypothesized that active atherosclerotic change in the major arteries would accompany increased inflammation within visceral fat and it could be detected in humans using combined FDG PET/computed tomography (CT). Methods: We observed 44 consecutive subjects with cardiovascular disease. For all of them, an one-hour PET/CT (from brain to foot) was performed after injection of FDG (370–555 MBq). FDG uptake in the aorta or its major branches was evaluated visually and semiquantitatively. Maximal standard uptake values (SUV) of the highest regions of interest were calculated in the subcutaneous fat and visceral fat area, separately. Results: Significant FDG uptake in the arterial wall was noted in 21 patients (plaque positive; PP group), all of whom have experienced acute cardiovascular events (acute coronary syndrome or ischemic stroke) within a week. The other 23 patients (plaque negative; PN group) had chronic stable angina or asymptomatic carotid stenosis. Visceral fat SUV was significantly higher as compared to subcutaneous fat SUV (0.49± 0.15 vs. 0.15± 0.05, p< 0.001) in PP group, whereas there was no significant difference in PN group (0.18± 0.07 vs. 0.16± 0.03, p= 0.622). When we compared two groups, PP group showed higher visceral fat SUV than PN group (p< 0.001). In terms of subcutaneous fat SUV, the results were similar in two groups (p= 0.773). Conclusions: We demonstrated that atherosclerotic plaque inflammation was associated with increased inflammation within visceral fat. Our results need to be confirmed by comparison with histologic or other imaging findings. Further evaluation to determine whether metabolic activity of visceral adipose tissue is a marker or mediator of vascular inflammation is also needed.

scholarly journals Mechanism and Effect of UCMSCS on Ovarian Structure and Function in Naturally Ageing C57 Mice

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xing-hua PAN ◽  
Xue-juan ZHANG ◽  
Xiang YAO ◽  
Xiang-qing ZHU ◽  
Jing ZHAO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Caspase 3 ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Reproductive Organ ◽  
Normal Functioning ◽  
Ovarian Volume ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Antioxidative Stress ◽  
Ovarian Structure ◽  
The Stability ◽  
And Function

Abstract Background: The ovary is the core reproductive organ of a woman and is of great significance for maintaining normal functioning of the reproductive system and the stability of the endocrine system. With an increase in age, the ovaries begin to age, and ovarian ageing will cause a decline in fertility. Methods: Ageing C57 mice were used to explore the mechanism by which mouse umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (mUCMSCs) promote the antioxidant repair of granulocytes (mGCs). The ovarian volume in C57 mice, which were routinely reared to 18 months, decreased, and the follicles at all levels disappeared. All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 21.0 statistical software. P <0.05 was considered to indicate a significant difference. Results: After mUCMSC transplantation, the mouse ovaries increased in size, follicles at various levels were seen in the cortex, and sinus follicle counts increased, indicating that mUCMSCs have a curative effect on ovarian ageing. Conclusions: mUCMSCs downregulated the expression of apoptosis-related genes (Bax, Caspase-3), upregulated the expression of SOD2 and the peroxidase gene PRDX IV, and reduced the granulocyte apoptosis rate and ROS level. Co-cultivation with mUCMSCs can increase antioxidative stress in mGCs and reduce mGC apoptosis.

scholarly journals Loss of STAT5 in adipocytes increases subcutaneous fat mass via sex-dependent and depot-specific pathways

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allison J. Richard ◽  
Hardy Hang ◽  
Timothy D. Allerton ◽  
Peng Zhao ◽  
Sujoy Ghosh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Fat Cell ◽  
Tissue Mass ◽  
Signal Transducers ◽  
Induce Insulin Resistance ◽  
Adipose Tissue Mass ◽  
And Function ◽  
Adipocyte Development

SUMMARYThe STAT (Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription) family of transcription factors contributes to adipocyte development and function. STAT5A and STAT5B are induced during adipocyte differentiation and are primarily activated by growth hormone (GH). Studies in mice lacking adipocyte GH receptor or STAT5 support their roles in lipolysis-mediated reduction of adipose tissue mass. We have generated a mouse model lacking both STAT5 genes specifically in adipocytes (STAT5AKO). Notably, both sexes of STAT5AKO mice have increased inguinal adipose tissue without any changes in gonadal fat mass. However, both depots exhibit substantial differences in fat cell size. Study of STAT5AKO mice also have revealed that GH’s ability to induce insulin resistance is dependent upon STAT5 in adipocytes, but its ability to reduce adipose tissue mass is STAT5 independent. Additional observations, which were not predicted, indicate that the causes and regulation of increased fat mass in STAT5AKO mice are sex- and depot-dependent.

Functional characterization of human brown adipose tissue metabolism

2020 ◽  
Vol 477 (7) ◽  
pp. 1261-1286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Anne Richard ◽  
Hannah Pallubinsky ◽  
Denis P. Blondin
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Human Infants ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Treatment Of Obesity ◽  
And Function

Brown adipose tissue (BAT) has long been described according to its histological features as a multilocular, lipid-containing tissue, light brown in color, that is also responsive to the cold and found especially in hibernating mammals and human infants. Its presence in both hibernators and human infants, combined with its function as a heat-generating organ, raised many questions about its role in humans. Early characterizations of the tissue in humans focused on its progressive atrophy with age and its apparent importance for cold-exposed workers. However, the use of positron emission tomography (PET) with the glucose tracer [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose ([18F]FDG) made it possible to begin characterizing the possible function of BAT in adult humans, and whether it could play a role in the prevention or treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D). This review focuses on the in vivo functional characterization of human BAT, the methodological approaches applied to examine these features and addresses critical gaps that remain in moving the field forward. Specifically, we describe the anatomical and biomolecular features of human BAT, the modalities and applications of non-invasive tools such as PET and magnetic resonance imaging coupled with spectroscopy (MRI/MRS) to study BAT morphology and function in vivo, and finally describe the functional characteristics of human BAT that have only been possible through the development and application of such tools.

Reproductive Organ Education for Psychic Health Development of Early Age

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dwi Darwati
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Early Childhood Development ◽  
Deviant Behavior ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Reproductive Organ ◽  
The Body ◽  
Childhood Development ◽  
Early Age ◽  
Digital Era ◽  
Stage Of Development

Reproductive  health education should be given since early childhood by using language that is adapted to the stage of development. If you procrastinate and wait until the teenager it is already too late because in the days of the digital era, as now, all the information can be easily accessed by anyone including children early age. If the early childhood misinformed about their reproductive organs it would disrupt the physical and psychological development due to the wrong behavior in caring for and maintaining reproductive organs. Qur’an as the holy book of Muslims describes the steps of reproduction and  imparting education wisely as well as how to apply such education. This kind of education must be in accordance with the conditions of children and there should not be a lie about it We can also use media and methods such as pictures, songs, tap or other visual  media which can give clearer information, so that children can clearly see parts of the body, their characteristics, and how to treat and care them. The impropriate approach in conveying this kind of knowledge will be very dangerous for children. The provision of early age reproductive organs education can prevent the occurrence of deviant behavior as well as protect children from dangerous influence in early childhood development.

scholarly journals Spring Freeze Damage of Pecan Bloom: A Review

Horticulturae ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 82
Author(s):  
Amandeep Kaur ◽  
Louise Ferguson ◽  
Niels Maness ◽  
Becky Carroll ◽  
William Reid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tree Height ◽  
The United States ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Tree Age ◽  
The Us ◽  
Nut Production ◽  
Freeze Damage ◽  
Terminal Buds ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Impact

Pecan is native to the United States. The US is the world’s largest pecan producer with an average yearly production of 250 to 300 million pounds; 80 percent of the world’s supply. Georgia, New Mexico, Texas, Arizona, Oklahoma, California, Louisiana, and Florida are the major US pecan producing states. Pecan trees frequently suffer from spring freeze at bud break and bloom as the buds are quite sensitive to freeze damage. This leads to poor flower and nut production. This review focuses on the impact of spring freeze during bud differentiation and flower development. Spring freeze kills the primary terminal buds, the pecan tree has a second chance for growth and flowering through secondary buds. Unfortunately, secondary buds have less bloom potential than primary buds and nut yield is reduced. Spring freeze damage depends on severity of the freeze, bud growth stage, cultivar type and tree age, tree height and tree vigor. This review discusses the impact of temperature on structure and function of male and female reproductive organs. It also summarizes carbohydrate relations as another factor that may play an important role in spring growth and transition of primary and secondary buds to flowers.

Comparative effects of Orchis anatolica vs. the red Korean Panax ginseng treatments on testicular structure and function of adult male mice

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nabil A. Khouri ◽  
Haytham M. Daradka ◽  
Mohammed Z. Allouh ◽  
Ahmad S. Alkofahi
Keyword(s):  
Panax Ginseng ◽  
Male Fertility ◽  
Virgin Female ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Serum Markers ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Fertility Potential ◽  
And Function

Abstract: The effects of: Both plants were administered orally to two separate mice groups at a dose of 800 mg/kg/day for 35 days and compared with control group. After treatment, 5 mice of each group were sacrificed and total mice weights, reproductive organs’ weights, spermatogenesis, and androgenic serum markers were investigated. The remaining mice from all groups were allowed to mate with virgin female mice to explore male fertility potential.: Results indicated that body and organs’ weights were increased significantly in mice treated with: We can conclude that

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