scholarly journals Alteration of Gut Microbiota in type 2 Diabetes Complicated with Cholelithiasis Patients

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiajia Chen ◽  
Linlin Yan ◽  
Xingfan Ma ◽  
Ping Yuan ◽  
Fan Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Serum Triglyceride ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Diabetes Patients

Abstract Background: Epidemiological studies showed that diabetes patients are more prone to developing cholelithiasis. Although composition of gut microbiota in type 2 diabetes or cholelithiasis have been studied respectively, the underlying role of gut microbiota in developing from diabetes to cholelithiasis remains unclear. By 16S rRNA gene sequencing, the gut microbial composition of 33 healthy subjects, 53 type 2 diabetes, 31 cholelithiasis and 32 type 2 diabetes complicated with cholelithiasis patients were studied. Results: Microbial diversity significantly decreased in type 2 diabetes complicated with cholelithiasis patients. In type 2 diabetes patients, phylum Proteobacteria class Gammaproteobacteria and order Lactobacillales were significantly increased. In cholelithiasis patients, phylum Bacteroidetes, class Bacteroidia order Bacteroidales family Bacteroidaceae and genus Bacteroides were significantly increased. There were also significant increases of phylum Proteobacteria, class Gammaproteobacteria order Lactobacillales family Lactobacillaceae and genus Lactobacillus in type 2 diabetes complicated with cholelithiasis patients accompanied by elevated serum triglyceride and total bile acids. Conclusions: The results show similar but more intricate gut microbiota dysbiosis in type 2 diabetes complicated with cholelithiasis compared with type 2 diabetes, which might partially explain the mechanism of type 2 diabetes as the risk factor of cholelithiasis from the perspective of gut microbiota.

scholarly journals Rotundic Acid Protects against Metabolic Disturbance and Improves Gut Microbiota in Type 2 Diabetes Rats

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zenghao Yan ◽  
Hao Wu ◽  
Hongliang Yao ◽  
Wenjun Pan ◽  
Minmin Su ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Southern China ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Metabolic Disturbance ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Illumina Hiseq ◽  
Rotundic Acid

Rotundic acid (RA) is a major triterpene constituent in the barks of Ilex rotunda Thunb, which have been widely used to make herbal tea for health care in southern China. RA has a variety of bioactivities such as anti-inflammation and lipid-lowering effect. However, little is known about the effects and mechanisms of RA on metabolic disturbance in type 2 diabetes (T2D) and its effect on gut microbiota. A T2D rat model induced by high fat diet (HFD) feeding and low-dose streptozotocin (STZ) injection was employed and RA showed multipronged effects on T2D and its complications, including improving glucolipid metabolism, lowering blood pressure, protecting against cardiovascular and hepatorenal injuries, and alleviating oxidative stress and inflammation. Furthermore, 16s rRNA gene sequencing was carried out on an Illumina HiSeq 2500 platform and RA treatment could restore the gut microbial dysbiosis in T2D rats to a certain extent. RA treatment significantly enhanced the richness and diversity of gut microbiota. At the genus level, beneficial or commensal bacteria Prevotella, Ruminococcus, Leuconostoc and Streptococcus were significantly increased by RA treatment, while RA-treated rats had a lower abundance of opportunistic pathogen Klebsiella and Proteus. Spearman’s correlation analysis showed that the abundances of these bacteria were strongly correlated with various biochemical parameters, suggesting that the improvement of gut microbiota might help to prevent or attenuate T2D and its complication. In conclusion, our findings support RA as a nutraceutical agent or plant foods rich in this compound might be helpful for the alleviation of T2D and its complications through improving gut microbiota.

scholarly journals Diversity, Composition and Functional Inference of Gut Microbiota in Indian Cabbage white Pieris canidia (Lepidoptera: Pieridae)

Life ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 254
Author(s):  
Ying Wang ◽  
Jianqing Zhu ◽  
Jie Fang ◽  
Li Shen ◽  
Shuojia Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Adult Survival ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Functional Inference ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Insect Fitness

We characterized the gut microbial composition and relative abundance of gut bacteria in the larvae and adults of Pieris canidia by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The gut microbiota structure was similar across the life stages and sexes. The comparative functional analysis on P. canidia bacterial communities with PICRUSt showed the enrichment of several pathways including those for energy metabolism, immune system, digestive system, xenobiotics biodegradation, transport, cell growth and death. The parameters often used as a proxy of insect fitness (development time, pupation rate, emergence rate, adult survival rate and weight of 5th instars larvae) showed a significant difference between treatment group and untreated group and point to potential fitness advantages with the gut microbiomes in P. canidia. These data provide an overall view of the bacterial community across the life stages and sexes in P. canidia.

scholarly journals Deciphering Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis and Corresponding Genetic and Metabolic Dysregulation in Psoriasis Patients Using Metagenomics Sequencing

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiju Xiao ◽  
Guangzhong Zhang ◽  
Chunyan Jiang ◽  
Xin Liu ◽  
Xiaoxu Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Phosphotransferase System ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Kegg Pathways ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Endothelial Growth Factor

BackgroundIncreasing evidence has shown that alterations in the intestinal microbiota play an important role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. The existing relevant studies focus on 16S rRNA gene sequencing, but in-depth research on gene functions and comprehensive identification of microbiota is lacking.ObjectivesTo comprehensively identify characteristic gut microbial compositions, genetic functions and relative metabolites of patients with psoriasis and to reveal the potential pathogenesis of psoriasis.MethodsDNA was extracted from the faecal microbiota of 30 psoriatic patients and 15 healthy subjects, and metagenomics sequencing and bioinformatic analyses were performed. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database, cluster of orthologous groups (COG) annotations, and metabolic analyses were used to indicate relative target genes and pathways to reveal the pathogenesis of psoriasis.ResultsCompared with healthy individuals, the gut microbiota of psoriasis patients displayed an alteration in microbial taxa distribution, but no significant difference in microbial diversity. A distinct gut microbial composition in patients with psoriasis was observed, with an increased abundance of the phyla Firmicutes, Actinobacteria and Verrucomicrobia and genera Faecalibacterium, Bacteroides, Bifidobacterium, Megamonas and Roseburia and a decreased abundance of the phyla Bacteroidetes, Euryarchaeota and Proteobacteria and genera Prevotella, Alistipes, and Eubacterium. A total of 134 COGs were predicted with functional analysis, and 15 KEGG pathways, including lipopolysaccharide (LPS) biosynthesis, WNT signaling, apoptosis, bacterial secretion system, and phosphotransferase system, were significantly enriched in psoriasis patients. Five metabolites, hydrogen sulfide (H2S), isovalerate, isobutyrate, hyaluronan and hemicellulose, were significantly dysregulated in the psoriatic cohort. The dysbiosis of gut microbiota, enriched pathways and dysregulated metabolites are relevant to immune and inflammatory response, apoptosis, the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling pathway, gut-brain axis and brain-skin axis that play important roles in the pathogenesis of psoriasis.ConclusionsA clear dysbiosis was displayed in the gut microbiota profile, genetic functions and relative metabolites of psoriasis patients. This study is beneficial for further understanding the inflammatory pathogenesis of psoriasis and could be used to develop microbiome-based predictions and therapeutic approaches.

scholarly journals Altered Fecal Metabolites and Colonic Glycerophospholipids Were Associated With Abnormal Composition of Gut Microbiota in a Depression Model of Mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue Gong ◽  
Cheng Huang ◽  
Xun Yang ◽  
Jianjun Chen ◽  
Juncai Pu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Mice Model ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Gas And Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Correlation Analysis Method ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing

The microbiota–gut–brain axis has been considered to play an important role in the development of depression, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. The gastrointestinal tract is home to trillions of microbiota and the colon is considered an important site for the interaction between microbiota and host, but few studies have been conducted to evaluate the alterations in the colon. Accordingly, in this study, we established a chronic social defeated stress (CSDS) mice model of depression. We applied 16S rRNA gene sequencing to assess the gut microbial composition and gas and liquid chromatography–mass spectroscopy to identify fecal metabolites and colonic lipids, respectively. Meanwhile, we used Spearman’s correlation analysis method to evaluate the associations between the gut microbiota, fecal metabolites, colonic lipids, and behavioral index. In total, there were 20 bacterial taxa and 18 bacterial taxa significantly increased and decreased, respectively, in the CSDS mice. Further, microbial functional prediction demonstrated a disturbance of lipid, carbohydrate, and amino acid metabolism in the CSDS mice. We also found 20 differential fecal metabolites and 36 differential colonic lipids (in the category of glycerolipids, glycerophospholipids, and sphingolipids) in the CSDS mice. Moreover, correlation analysis showed that fecal metabolomic signature was associated with the alterations in the gut microbiota composition and colonic lipidomic profile. Of note, three lipids [PC(16:0/20:4), PG(22:6/22:6), and PI(18:0/20:3), all in the category of glycerophospholipids] were significantly associated with anxiety- and depression-like phenotypes in mice. Taken together, our results indicated that the gut microbiota might be involved in the pathogenesis of depression via influencing fecal metabolites and colonic glycerophospholipid metabolism.

scholarly journals Mahuang Fuzi Xixin Decoction Ameliorates Allergic Rhinitis in Rats by Regulating the Gut Microbiota and Th17/Treg Balance

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Xiao Liang ◽  
Chang-Shun Liu ◽  
Xiao-Han Wei ◽  
Ting Xia ◽  
Fei-Long Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Treg Cells ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Immunological Responses ◽  
Symptom Scores ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing

Mahuang Fuzi Xixin Decoction (MFXD), a Chinese traditional herbal formulation, has been used to treat allergic rhinitis (AR) in China for centuries. However, the mechanism underlying its effect on AR is unclear. This study investigated the mechanism underlying the therapeutic effects of MFXD on AR. Ovalbumin-induced AR rat models were established, which were then treated with MFXD for 14 days. Symptom scores of AR were calculated. The structure of the gut microbiota was analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and qPCR. Short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) content in rat stool and serum was determined by GC-MS. Inflammatory and immunological responses were assessed by histopathology, ELISA, flow cytometry, and western blotting. Our study demonstrated that MFXD reduced the symptom scores of AR and serum IgE and histamine levels. MFXD treatment restored the diversity of the gut microbiota: it increased the abundance of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes and decreased the abundance of Proteobacteria and Cyanobacteria. MFXD treatment also increased SCFA content, including that of acetate, propionate, and butyrate. Additionally, MFXD administration downregulated the number of Th17 cells and the levels of the Th17-related cytokines IL-17 and RORγt. By contrast, there was an increase in the number of Treg cells and the levels of the Treg-related cytokines IL-10 and Foxp3. MFXD and butyrate increased the levels of ZO-1 in the colon. This study indicated MFXD exerts therapeutic effects against AR, possibly by regulating the gut microbial composition and Th17/Treg balance.

scholarly journals Effect of Selected Stilbenoids on Human Fecal Microbiota

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 744 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose Jaimes ◽  
Veronika Jarosova ◽  
Ondrej Vesely ◽  
Chahrazed Mekadim ◽  
Jakub Mrazek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Genus Clostridium ◽  
The Family ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing

Dietary phenolics or polyphenols are mostly metabolized by the human gut microbiota. These metabolites appear to confer the beneficial health effects attributed to phenolics. Microbial composition affects the type of metabolites produced. Reciprocally, phenolics modulate microbial composition. Understanding this relationship could be used to positively impact health by phenolic supplementation and thus create favorable colonic conditions. This study explored the effect of six stilbenoids (batatasin III, oxyresveratrol, piceatannol, pinostilbene, resveratrol, thunalbene) on the gut microbiota composition. Stilbenoids were anaerobically fermented with fecal bacteria from four donors, samples were collected at 0 and 24 h, and effects on the microbiota were assessed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Statistical tests identified affected microbes at three taxonomic levels. Observed microbial composition modulation by stilbenoids included a decrease in the Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio, a decrease in the relative abundance of strains from the genus Clostridium, and effects on the family Lachnospiraceae. A frequently observed effect was a further decrease of the relative abundance when compared to the control. An opposite effect to the control was observed for Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, whose relative abundance increased. Observed effects were more frequently attributed to resveratrol and piceatannol, followed by thunalbene and batatasin III.

scholarly journals Characterization of the Oral Microbiome of Medicated Type-2 Diabetes Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Almeida-Santos ◽  
Daniela Martins-Mendes ◽  
Magdalena Gayà-Vidal ◽  
Lucía Pérez-Pardal ◽  
Albano Beja-Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Oral Microbiome ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Oral Microbiota ◽  
Alpha And Beta Diversity ◽  
Global Health Care ◽  
Sugar Levels ◽  
Diabetes Patients

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disease that is becoming a significant global health care problem. Several studies have shown that people with diabetes are more susceptible to oral problems, such as periodontitis and, although the causes are still inconclusive, oral microbiota is considered to play a major role in oral health. This study aimed to characterize the oral microbiome of a sample representing T2DM patients from Portugal and exploit potential associations between some microorganisms and variables like teeth brushing, smoking habits, average blood sugar levels, medication and nutrient intake. By sequencing the hypervariable regions V3-V4 of the 16S rRNA gene in 50 individuals belonging to a group of diabetes patients and a control group, we found a total of 232 taxa, from which only 65% were shared between both groups. No differences were found in terms of alpha and beta diversity between categories. We did not find significant differences in the oral microbiome profiles of control and diabetes patients. Only the class Synergistia and the genus TG5, which are related to periodontitis, were statistically more frequent in the control group. The similar microbiome profiles of medicated diabetics and the control group indicates that the relationship between the T2DM and the oral microbiome might be more related to either the lifestyle/diet rather than diabetes per se. Moreover, this study provides, for the first time, insights into the oral microbiome of a population with a high prevalence of diabetes.

scholarly journals The Effect and Mechanism of Trimethylamine-N-oxide, a Metabolite of Intestinal Flora,  on Coronary Heart Disease in Type 2 Diabetic Patients

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
jie li ◽  
Xiaoqin Ha ◽  
Xiaoling Cai ◽  
Chenyuan Yan ◽  
Caixia Jia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Western Blot ◽  
Mrna Level ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Intestinal Flora ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Rrna Gene

Abstract BackgroundTrimethylamine N-Oxide (TMAO) has been shown to be an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Our aim is to study the effects of TMAO on type 2 diabetes mellitus-coronary heart disease and to explore its mechanism.MethodsA total of 50 healthy controls , 50 T2DM patients and 50 T2DM combined with CHD patients were enrolled. Serum samples were collected to detect glucose, myocardial enzyme spectrum and TMAO level. The 16S rRNA gene sequencing analyzed the diversity of intestinal flora. Taking the ZDF rat as the experimental object, the model of T2DM combined with CHD was established in rats. Blood samples were taken to detect glucose, myocardial enzyme spectrum and TMAO level. The inflammatory protein and mRNA expression of TLR4, NLRP3, Caspase-1 and IL-1β were detected by Western blot and RT-qPCR. In vitro culture of H9c2(2-1) for experiments. The CCK-8 method was used to detect the survival rate of cells after glucose and TMAO treatment. After the cells were treated with selected glucose and TMAO, the cells were treated with selected glucose, TMAO and BAY11-7082, Western blot detected the presence of pyroptosis and the pathway of TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3. RT-qPCR was used to determine the mRNA level of inflammatory factor.DiscussionChanges in the composition of intestinal flora in patients with type 2 diabetes can lead to elevated serum TMAO levels. Animal and cell experiments have confirmed that elevated TMAO level may lead to inflammatory myocardial injury in rats and is related to the mechanism of TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3.

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