scholarly journals Anti-inflammatory effects of DhHP-6 in LPS-induced RAW264.7 macrophages and carrageenan-induced air pouch model in rat

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fanwei Meng ◽  
Junfeng Ke ◽  
Jia Xu ◽  
Jinze Li ◽  
Liping Wang
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Translocation ◽  
Raw264.7 Cells ◽  
Total Proteins ◽  
Air Pouch ◽  
Inflammatory Agent ◽  
Raw264.7 Macrophages ◽  
Peptide Mimic ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Air Pouch Model ◽  
Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

Abstract DhHP-6 (Deuterohemin-Ala-His-Thr-Val-Glu-Lys) is a novel peptide mimic of peroxidases that was previously designed in our laboratory. Here, we explored the anti-inflammatory potential of DhHP-6 against lipopolysaccharide(LPS)stimulated inflammatory response in RAW264.7 cells and carrageenan-induced air pouch model rats. DhHP-6 treatment dramatically attenuated the production of nitric oxide (NO), IL-6, andTNF-α in LPS induced RAW264.7 cells. Also, it blocked phosphorylation and degradation of IκBα and suppressed the nuclear translocation of p65. DhHP-6 (0.2, 0.6, and 2.0 mg/kg) significantly reduced the levels of total proteins and WBC counts in the exudates of the air pouch model rats. Moreover, MDA contents in the plasma of rats were reduced and SOD activities were enhanced in the DhHP-6-treatment group. Our results strongly show the effectiveness of DhHP-6 as an anti-inflammatory agent. The mechanism could be related to the reduction of Reactive oxygen species(ROS), inhibition of NF-κB nuclear translocation, and reduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines.

scholarly journals Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Sonchus oleraceus Extract in Lipopoly saccharide-Stimulated RAW264.7 Cells

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1755-1761
Author(s):  
Eun-Jin Yang ◽  
Sungchan Jang ◽  
Kwang Hee Hyun ◽  
Eun-Young Jung ◽  
Seung-Young Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Inflammatory Activity ◽  
Raw264.7 Cells ◽  
Supporting Evidence ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Sonchus Oleraceus ◽  
Raw264.7 Macrophages ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

The anti-inflammatory activity and non-toxicity of Sonchus oleraceus extract (J6) were tested by measuring its effect on the levels of nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and the pro-inflammatory cytokines, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. We treated the RAW264.7 cells with various concentrations (50, 100, or 200 μg/mL) of J6. Our results showed that J6 inhibited the production of NO, PGE2, and pro-inflammatory cytokines in a concentration-dependent manner, without compromising cell viability. In addition, we provided supporting evidence that the inhibitory activity of J6 on the production of NO and PGE2 occurred via the downregulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), respectively. Our findings suggest that J6 is a new source for anti-inflammatory drugs and ingredients for healthcare products that include functional cosmetics.

scholarly journals Niacin Ameliorates Neuro-Inflammation in Parkinson’s Disease via GPR109A

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (18) ◽  
pp. 4559 ◽  
Author(s):  
Banabihari Giri ◽  
Kasey Belanger ◽  
Marissa Seamon ◽  
Eric Bradley ◽  
Sharad Purohit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Molecular Mechanism ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Nuclear Translocation ◽  
Raw264.7 Cells ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Neuro Inflammation ◽  
Precise Molecular Mechanism ◽  
Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

In this study, we used macrophage RAW264.7 cells to elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying the anti-inflammatory actions of niacin. Anti-inflammatory actions of niacin and a possible role of its receptor GPR109A have been studied previously. However, the precise molecular mechanism of niacin’s action in reducing inflammation through GPR109A is unknown. Here we observed that niacin reduced the translocation of phosphorylated nuclear kappa B (p-NF-κB) induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the nucleus of RAW264.7 cells. The reduction in the nuclear translocation in turn decreased the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6 in RAW264.7 cells. We observed a decrease in the nuclear translocation of p-NF-κB and the expression of inflammatory cytokines after knockdown of GPR109A in RAW264.7 cells. Our results suggest that these molecular actions of niacin are mediated via its receptor GPR109A (also known as HCAR2) by controlling the translocation of p-NF-κB to the nucleus. Overall, our findings suggest that niacin treatment may have potential in reducing inflammation by targeting GPR109A.

scholarly journals Gymnema inodorum (Lour.) Decne. Extract Alleviates Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Mediators Produced by RAW264.7 Macrophages

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Benjawan Dunkhunthod ◽  
Chutima Talabnin ◽  
Mark Murphy ◽  
Kanjana Thumanu ◽  
Patcharawan Sittisart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Nuclear Translocation ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Raw264.7 Cells ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Ros Production ◽  
Raw264.7 Macrophages ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Gymnema inodorum (Lour.) Decne. (G. inodorum) is widely used in Northern Thai cuisine as local vegetables and commercial herb tea products. In the present study, G. inodorum extract (GIE) was evaluated for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in LPS plus IFN-γ-induced RAW264.7 cells. Major compounds in GIE were evaluated using GC-MS and found 16 volatile compounds presenting in the extract. GIE exhibited antioxidant activity by scavenging the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and increasing superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) mRNA expression in LPS plus IFN-γ-induced RAW264.7 cells. GIE showed anti-inflammatory activity through suppressing nitric oxide (NO), proinflammatory cytokine production interleukin 6 (IL-6) and also downregulation of the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and IL-6 mRNA levels in LPS plus IFN-γ-induced RAW264.7 cells. Mechanism studies showed that GIE suppressed the NF-κB p65 nuclear translocation and slightly decreased the phosphorylation of NF-κB p65 (p-NF-κB p65) protein. Our studies applied the synchrotron radiation-based FTIR microspectroscopy (SR-FTIR), supported by multivariate analysis, to identify the FTIR spectral changes based on macromolecule alterations occurring in RAW264.7 cells. SR-FTIR results demonstrated that the presence of LPS plus IFN-γ in RAW264.7 cells associated with the increase of amide I/amide II ratio (contributing to the alteration of secondary protein structure) and lipid content, whereas glycogen and other carbohydrate content were decreased. These findings lead us to believe that GIE may prevent oxidative damage by scavenging intracellular ROS production and activating the antioxidant gene, SOD2, expression. Therefore, it is possible that the antioxidant properties of GIE could modulate the inflammation process by regulating the ROS levels, which lead to the suppression of proinflammatory cytokines and genes. Therefore, GIE could be developed into a novel antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent to treat and prevent diseases related to oxidative stress and inflammation.

scholarly journals Schisandra Chinensis Lignans Suppresses the Production of Inflammatory Mediators Regulated by NF-κB, AP-1, and IRF3 in Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated RAW264.7 Cells

Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (12) ◽  
pp. 3319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gan Luo ◽  
Brian Cheng ◽  
Hui Zhao ◽  
Xiu-Qiong Fu ◽  
Ran Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Mediators ◽  
Nuclear Translocation ◽  
Chinese Herb ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Raw264.7 Cells ◽  
Schisandra Chinensis ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Cytokines And Chemokines ◽  
Raw264.7 Macrophages ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Schisandra Fructus (SF) is a traditional Chinese herb used in the treatment of inflammatory disorders like hepatitis. One of the main anti-inflammatory components of SF is the lignans. However, the underlying anti-inflammatory mechanism of Schisandra Chinensis lignans (SCL) remains unclear. This study aims to investigate the effects of SCL on inflammatory mediators in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 cells and explore the underlying mechanism. The production of nitric oxide (NO) was determined by Griess reaction. ELISA was used to determine cytokine levels and chemokines secretion. To estimate protein levels and enzyme activities, we employed Western blotting. Nuclear localization of NF-κB, AP-1, and IRF3 was detected using immunofluorescence analyses. The results showed that SCL significantly reduced the release of inflammatory mediators, including NO and PGE2, which may be related to down-regulation of iNOS and COX-2 expression. The production of cytokines and chemokines was suppressed by SCL treatment. SCL also decreased the phosphorylation of IKKα/β, IκB-α, Akt, TBK1, ERK, p38, JNK, NF-κB (p65), AP-1 (c-Jun), and IRF3 in RAW264.7 macrophages activated with LPS. The nuclear protein levels and nuclear translocation of AP-1, NF-κB and IRF3 were suppressed by SCL. These results indicated that SCL suppressed the IKKα/β/NF-κB, MAPKs/AP-1 and TBK1/IRF3 signaling pathways in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages.

scholarly journals Impressic Acid Attenuates the Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammatory Response by Activating the AMPK/GSK3β/Nrf2 Axis in RAW264.7 Macrophages

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 762
Author(s):  
Gi Ho Lee ◽  
Ji Yeon Kim ◽  
Sun Woo Jin ◽  
Thi Hoa Pham ◽  
Jin Song Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Raw264.7 Cells ◽  
Raw264.7 Macrophages ◽  
Nrf2 Signaling Pathway ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Pro Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Inflammatory Effect

Inflammatory diseases are caused by excessive inflammation from pro-inflammatory mediators and cytokines produced by macrophages. The Nrf2 signaling pathway protects against inflammatory diseases by inhibiting excessive inflammation via the regulation of antioxidant enzymes, including HO-1 and NQO1. We investigated the anti-inflammatory effect of impressic acid (IPA) isolated from Acanthopanax koreanum on the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation and the underlying molecular mechanisms in RAW264.7 cells. IPA attenuated the LPS-induced production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and reactive oxygen species, and the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway. IPA also increased the protein levels of Nrf2, HO-1, and NQO1 by phosphorylating CaMKKβ, AMPK, and GSK3β. Furthermore, ML385, an Nrf2 inhibitor, reversed the inhibitory effect of IPA on LPS-induced production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in RAW264.7 cells. Therefore, IPA exerts an anti-inflammatory effect via the AMPK/GSK3β/Nrf2 signaling pathway in macrophages. Taken together, the findings suggest that IPA has preventive potential for inflammation-related diseases.

Artemisinin improves neurocognitive deficits associated with sepsis by activating the AMPK axis in the microglia.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shao-Peng Lin ◽  
Jue-Xian Wei ◽  
Shan Ye ◽  
Jiasong Hu ◽  
Jingyi Bu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Nuclear Translocation ◽  
Neuronal Damage ◽  
Protective Mechanism ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Neurocognitive Deficits ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

Abstract Background and purpose: Artemisinin has been in use as an anti-malarial drug for almost half a century in the world. There is growing evidence that artemisinin also possesses potent anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory properties. However, the efficacy of artemisinin treatment in neurocognitive deficits associated with sepsis remains unknown. Here, we evaluate the possible protective effects and explore the underlying mechanism of artemisinin on cognitive impairment resulting from sepsis.Methods: Male C57BL/6 mice were pretreated with either vehicle or artemisinin, and then injected with LPS to establish an animal model of sepsis. The cognitive function was then assessed using the Morris water maze. Neuronal damage and neuroinflammation in the hippocampus were evaluated by immunohistochemical and ELISA analysis. Additionally, the protective mechanism of artemisinin was determined in vitro.Results: The results showed that artemisinin preconditioning attenuated LPS-induced cognitive impairment, neural damage, and microglial activation in the mouse brain. The in vitro experiment revealed that artemisinin could reduce the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and suppress the microglial migration in the BV2 microglia cells. Meanwhile, western blot demonstrated that artemisinin suppressed nuclear translocation of nuclear factor kappa-B and the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (i.e. tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-6) by activating adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinaseα1 (AMPKα1) pathway. Furthermore, knock-down of AMPKα1 markedly abolished the anti-inflammatory effects of artemisinin.Conclusion: Artemisinin is a potential therapeutic agent for sepsis-associated neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment, and its effect was probably mediated by the activation of AMPKα1 signalling pathway in microglia.

Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Canavalia gladiata in Macrophage Cells and DSS-Induced Colitis Mouse Model

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (07) ◽  
pp. 1571-1588
Author(s):  
Hwa-Jeong Lee ◽  
Jung Up Park ◽  
Rui Hong Guo ◽  
Bok Yun Kang ◽  
In-Kyu Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Nuclear Translocation ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Raw264.7 Cells ◽  
Mice Model ◽  
Macrophage Cells ◽  
Canavalia Gladiata ◽  
Cox 2 ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Peritoneal Macrophage Cells

Canavalia gladiata, known as sword bean, has been used as a Chinese traditional medicine for anti-inflammatory effects. However, the action mechanisms of sword bean have not yet been clearly defined. In the present study, the whole parts of a ripened sword bean (RSB) and the green sword bean (GSB) containing bean pod were extracted with ethanol by reflux extraction. The two crude extracts (RSBE and GSBE) from RSB and GSB were validated by a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) analysis of gallic acid as a reference chemical. The anti-inflammatory effects of two sword bean extracts were extensively investigated using LPS-stimulated macrophage cells. First, RSBE and GSBE significantly inhibited the production of pro-inflammatory mediators, such as tumor necrosis factor-[Formula: see text] (TNF-[Formula: see text]), interleukin-6 (IL-6), prostaglandinE2 (PGE2), and nitric oxide (NO) in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells. RSBE and GSBE showed no cytotoxicity to RAW264.7 cells and mouse peritoneal macrophage cells. In addition, the overexpression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) induced by LPS in RAW264.7 cells was significantly decreased by RSBE and GSBE. Western blotting and immunostaining analysis showed that RSBE and GSBE inhibited the nuclear translocation of NF-[Formula: see text]B subunits, which correlated with the inhibitory effects on inhibitor kappa B (I[Formula: see text]B) degradation. In dextran sulfated sodium (DSS)-induced colitis mice model, RSBE restored body weight, colon length, and the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-[Formula: see text], IL-6, interleukin-1[Formula: see text] (IL-1[Formula: see text]), and interferon-[Formula: see text] (IFN-[Formula: see text]). In addition, RSBE significantly suppressed the expression of COX-2, iNOS, and NF-[Formula: see text]B.

Ethanol Extract of Lilium Bulbs Plays an Anti-Inflammatory Role by Targeting the IKKα/β-Mediated NF-κB Pathway in Macrophages

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (06) ◽  
pp. 1281-1296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sang Yun Han ◽  
Young-Su Yi ◽  
Seong-Gu Jeong ◽  
Yo Han Hong ◽  
Kang Jun Choi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Nuclear Translocation ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Inflammatory Activity ◽  
Raw264.7 Cells ◽  
No Production ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Bioactive Components ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Lilium bulbs have long been used as Chinese traditional medicines to alleviate the symptoms of various human inflammatory diseases. However, mechanisms of Lilium bulb-mediated anti-inflammatory activity and the bioactive components in Lilium bulbs remain unknown. In the present study, the anti-inflammatory activity of Lilium bulbs and the underlying mechanism of action were investigated in macrophages using Lilium bulb ethanol extracts (Lb-EE). In a dose-dependent manner, Lb-EE inhibited nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells and bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) without causing significant cytotoxicity. Lb-EE also down-regulated mRNA expression of inflammatory genes in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells, which included inducuble nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2), and tumor necrosis factor-[Formula: see text] (TNF-[Formula: see text]). Furthermore, Lb-EE markedly restored LPS-induced morphological changes in RAW264.7 cells to a normal morphology. HPLC analysis identified quercetin, luteolin, and kaempferol as bioactive components contained in Lb-EE. Mechanistic studies in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells revealed that Lb-EE suppressed MyD88- and TRIF-induced NF-[Formula: see text]B transcriptional activation and the nuclear translocation of NF-[Formula: see text]B transcription factors. Moreover, Lb-EE inhibited IKK[Formula: see text]/[Formula: see text]-induced activation of the NF-[Formula: see text]B signaling pathway and IKK inhibition significantly reduced NO production in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Taken together, these results suggest that Lb-EE plays an anti-inflammatory role by targeting IKK[Formula: see text]/[Formula: see text]-mediated activation of the NF-[Formula: see text]B signaling pathway during macrophage-mediated inflammatory responses.

scholarly journals Dual Effect of Soloxolone Methyl on LPS-Induced Inflammation In Vitro and In Vivo

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (21) ◽  
pp. 7876
Author(s):  
Andrey V. Markov ◽  
Aleksandra V. Sen’kova ◽  
Valeriya O. Babich ◽  
Kirill V. Odarenko ◽  
Vadim A. Talyshev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Inflammation ◽  
Nuclear Factor Κb ◽  
Raw264.7 Cells ◽  
Migration Activity ◽  
Akt Phosphorylation ◽  
Raw264.7 Macrophages ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
And Migration

Plant-extracted triterpenoids belong to a class of bioactive compounds with pleotropic functions, including antioxidant, anti-cancer, and anti-inflammatory effects. In this work, we investigated the anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative activities of a semisynthetic derivative of 18βH-glycyrrhetinic acid (18βH-GA), soloxolone methyl (methyl 2-cyano-3,12-dioxo-18βH-olean-9(11),1(2)-dien-30-oate, or SM) in vitro on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages and in vivo in models of acute inflammation: LPS-induced endotoxemia and carrageenan-induced peritonitis. SM used at non-cytotoxic concentrations was found to attenuate the production of reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide (II) and increase the level of reduced glutathione production by LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Moreover, SM strongly suppressed the phagocytic and migration activity of activated macrophages. These effects were found to be associated with the stimulation of heme oxigenase-1 (HO-1) expression, as well as with the inhibition of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and Akt phosphorylation. Surprisingly, it was found that SM significantly enhanced LPS-induced expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in RAW264.7 cells via activation of the c-Jun/Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling axis. In vivo pre-exposure treatment with SM effectively inhibited the development of carrageenan-induced acute inflammation in the peritoneal cavity, but it did not improve LPS-induced inflammation in the endotoxemia model.

scholarly journals Evaluation of anti-inflammatory and anti-angiogenesis effects of naloxone in the rat air pouch model of inflammation

10.19082/7685 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 7685-7693
Author(s):  
Tahereh Eteraf-Oskouei ◽  
Atefeh Zabiholahi ◽  
Moslem Najafi ◽  
Bohlool Habibi-Asl
Keyword(s):  
Air Pouch ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Air Pouch Model
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