scholarly journals Emodin induced necroptosis and inhibited glycolysis in the renal cancer cells by enhancing ROS

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ke-jie Wang ◽  
Xiang-yu Meng ◽  
Jun-feng Chen ◽  
Kai-yun Wang ◽  
Cheng Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Renal Cancer ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Chinese Herbs ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Flow Cytometry Assay

Abstract Background: Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a tumor with unpredictable presentation and poor clinical outcome. RCC is always resistant to chemotherapy, radiation, and weakly sensitive to immunotherapeutic agents. Therefore, novel agents and approaches are urgently needed for the treatment of RCC. Emodin, an anthraquinone compound extracted from rhubarb and other traditional Chinese herbs, has been implicated in a wide variety of pharmacological effects, such as anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and antitumor activities. However，its role in RCC remains unkown. Methods: Flow cytometry assay and lactate dehydrogenase release assay were used to detect the cell death. Reactive oxygen species was tested by the dye MitoSox and DCFH-DA. Glucose-6-phosphate, pyruvate and ATP level were measured to evaluate the glycolysis process. Western blot was used to detect protein expression. Results: Emodin effectively killed renal cancer cells without significant toxicity to normal renal tubular epithelial cell. Flow cytometry assay with Annexin V-FITC and PI demonstrated that emodin induces necroptosis, but not apoptosis, in renal cancer cells. Meanwhile, the phosphorylation levels of RIP1 and MLKL, the key necroptosis-related proteins, were significantly increased. To explore how emodin inhibits kidney tumor growth, reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were tested and the levels of ROS increased upon emodin treatment in a dose-dependent manner. Further studies demonstrated that emodin induced necroptosis through ROS-mediated activation of JNK signaling pathway, and also inhibited glycolysis by down-regulation GLUT1 by ROS-mediated inactivation of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Conclusion: These findings revealed the potential mechanisms by which emodin suppresses renal cancer cell growth, and will help develop novel therapeutic approaches for patients with JNK- or PI3K/AKT-dysregulated renal cancer.

Apoptosis induced by emodin is associated with alterations of intracellular acidification and reactive oxygen species in EC-109 cellsThis paper is one of a selection of papers published in this special issue entitled “Second International Symposium on Recent Advances in Basic, Clinical, and Social Medicine” and has undergone the Journal's usual peer review process.

2010 ◽  
Vol 88 (4) ◽  
pp. 767-774 ◽  
Author(s):  
Q. J. Wang ◽  
X. B. Cai ◽  
M. H. Liu ◽  
H. Hu ◽  
X. J. Tan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Peer Review Process ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Fluorescence Measurements ◽  
Esophagus Carcinoma

Emodin (1,3,8-trihydroxy-6-methylanthraquinone), a natural anthraquinone derivative found in several herbal medicines, is highly active in suppressing the proliferation of various tumor cells such as breast, hepatocellular, and lung cancer cells under in vitro conditions. The mechanism of emodin-induced apoptosis in esophagus carcinoma cells, EC-109, is not completely understood. In this study, EC-109 cells treated with emodin underwent rapid apoptosis as judged by morphological changes and flow cytometry analysis. The addition of emodin to EC-109 cells led to the inhibition of growth in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Fluorescence measurements of cells indicated that the intracellular pH (pHi) decreased significantly by 0.47–0.78 units. The results obtained from flow cytometry suggested that bursts of reactive oxygen species took place after the application of emodin. The present study indicates that emodin may be a strong anticancer drug against esophagus cancer cells by causing various early events leading to growth inhibition, including the production of reactive oxygen species and decrease of pHi, which may result in cellular apoptosis.

scholarly journals Costunolide Induces Apoptosis via the Reactive Oxygen Species and Protein Kinase B Pathway in Oral Cancer Cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (14) ◽  
pp. 7509
Author(s):  
Hai Huang ◽  
Jun-Koo Yi ◽  
Su-Geun Lim ◽  
Sijun Park ◽  
Haibo Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Migration And Invasion ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Oral Cancer Cells

Oral cancer (OC) has been attracted research attention in recent years as result of its high morbidity and mortality. Costunolide (CTD) possesses potential anticancer and bioactive abilities that have been confirmed in several types of cancers. However, its effects on oral cancer remain unclear. This study investigated the potential anticancer ability and underlying mechanisms of CTD in OC in vivo and in vitro. Cell viability and anchorage-independent colony formation assays were performed to examine the antigrowth effects of CTD on OC cells; assessments for migration and invasion of OC cells were conducted by transwell; Cell cycle and apoptosis were investigated by flow cytometry and verified by immunoblotting. The results revealed that CTD suppressed the proliferation, migration and invasion of oral cancer cells effectively and induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis; regarding the mechanism, CTD bound to AKT directly by binding assay and repressed AKT activities through kinase assay, which thereby downregulating the downstream of AKT. Furthermore, CTD remarkably promotes the generation of reactive oxygen species by flow cytometry assay, leading to cell apoptosis. Notably, CTD strongly suppresses cell-derived xenograft OC tumor growth in an in vivo mouse model. In conclusion, our results suggested that costunolide might prevent progression of OC and promise to be a novel AKT inhibitor.

scholarly journals Erigeron annuus (L.) Pers. Extract Inhibits Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Production and Fat Accumulation in 3T3-L1 Cells by Activating an AMP-Dependent Kinase Signaling Pathway

Antioxidants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoon-Hee Choi ◽  
Ok-Hwan Lee ◽  
Yulong Zheng ◽  
Il-Jun Kang
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Ros Production ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Fat Accumulation ◽  
Ampk Signaling ◽  
Erigeron Annuus

Obesity is one of the major public health problems in the world because it is implicated in metabolic syndromes, such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular diseases. The objective of this study was to investigate whether Erigeron annuus (L.) Pers. (EAP) extract suppresses reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and fat accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells by activating an AMP-dependent kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway. Our results showed that EAP water extract significantly inhibits ROS production, adipogenesis, and lipogenesis during differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. In addition, EAP decreased mRNA and protein levels of proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha (C/EBPα). Moreover, EAP suppressed mRNA expressions of fatty acid synthase (FAS), lipoprotein lipase (LPL), adipocyte protein 2 (aP2) in a dose-dependent manner. Whereas, EAP upregulated adiponectin expression, phosphorylation levels of AMPK and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT-1) protein level during differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. These results suggest that EAP water extract can exert ROS-linked anti-obesity effect through the mechanism that might involve inhibition of ROS production, adipogenesis and lipogenesis via an activating AMPK signaling pathway.

Activation of Rho/Rho kinase signaling pathway by reactive oxygen species in rat aorta

2004 ◽  
Vol 287 (4) ◽  
pp. H1495-H1500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liming Jin ◽  
Zhekang Ying ◽  
R. Clinton Webb
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Kinase Inhibitor ◽  
Isometric Force ◽  
Rho Kinase ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Kinase Signaling ◽  
Kinase Signaling Pathway

Evidence indicates that both the Rho/Rho kinase signaling pathway and reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as superoxide and H2O2 are involved in the pathogenesis of hypertension. This study aimed to determine whether ROS-induced vascular contraction is mediated through activation of Rho/Rho kinase. Rat aortic rings (endothelium denuded) were isolated and placed in organ chambers for measurement of isometric force development. ROS were generated by a xanthine (X)-xanthine oxidase (XO) mixture. The antioxidants tempol (3 mM) and catalase (1,200 U/ml) or the XO inhibitor allopurinol (400 μM) significantly reduced X/XO-induced contraction. A Rho kinase inhibitor, (+)-( R)- trans-4-(1-aminoethyl- N-4-pyridil)cyclohexanecarboxamide dihydrochloride (Y-27632), decreased the contraction in a concentration-dependent manner; however, the Ca2+-independent protein kinase C inhibitor rottlerin did not have an effect on X/XO-induced contraction. Phosphorylation of the myosin light chain phosphatase target subunit (MYPT1) was increased by ROS, and preincubation with Y-27632 blocked this increased phosphorylation. Western blotting for cytosolic and membrane-bound fractions of Rho showed that Rho was increased in the membrane fraction by ROS, suggesting activation of Rho. These observations demonstrate that ROS-induced Ca2+ sensitization is through activation of Rho and a subsequent increase in Rho kinase activity but not Ca2+-independent PKC.

scholarly journals Emodin Induced Necroptosis and Inhibited Glycolysis in the Renal Cancer Cells by Enhancing ROS

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Ke-jie Wang ◽  
Xiang-yu Meng ◽  
Jun-feng Chen ◽  
Kai-yun Wang ◽  
Cheng Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Renal Cancer ◽  
Annexin V ◽  
Chinese Herbs ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Cancer Cell Growth ◽  
Renal Cancer Cell ◽  
Significant Toxicity ◽  
Related Proteins

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a tumor with unpredictable presentation and poor clinical outcome. RCC is always resistant to chemotherapy and radiation, and weakly sensitive to immunotherapeutic agents. Therefore, novel agents and approaches are urgently needed for the treatment of RCC. Emodin, an anthraquinone compound extracted from rhubarb and other traditional Chinese herbs, has been implicated in a wide variety of pharmacological effects, such as anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and antitumor activities. However, its role in RCC remains unknown. In this study, we found that emodin effectively killed renal cancer cells without significant toxicity to noncancerous cell HK-2. Flow cytometry assay with Annexin V-FITC and PI demonstrated that emodin induces necroptosis, but not apoptosis, in renal cancer cells. Meanwhile, the phosphorylation levels of RIP1 and MLKL, the key necroptosis-related proteins, were significantly increased. To explore how emodin inhibits kidney tumor growth, we tested reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and found that the levels of ROS increased upon emodin treatment in a dose-dependent manner. Further studies demonstrated that emodin induces necroptosis through ROS-mediated activation of JNK signaling pathway and also inhibits glycolysis by downregulation of GLUT1 through ROS-mediated inactivation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Our findings revealed the potential mechanisms by which emodin suppresses renal cancer cell growth and will help develop novel therapeutic approaches for patients with JNK- or PI3K/AKT-dysregulated renal cancer.

Iron overload induced by ferric ammonium citrate triggers reactive oxygen species-mediated apoptosis via both extrinsic and intrinsic pathways in human hepatic cells

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 598-607 ◽  
Author(s):  
S-W Li ◽  
C-M Liu ◽  
J Guo ◽  
AM Marcondes ◽  
J Deeg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Iron Overload ◽  
Cell Viability ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Ammonium Citrate ◽  
Ferric Ammonium Citrate ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Ferric Ammonium

Background: Hepatic iron overload is common in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes undergoing hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) and may predispose to peri- and post-HCT toxicity. To better understand the mechanisms of iron overload-induced liver injury, we examined the effects of iron overload induced by ferric ammonium citrate (FAC) on oxidative stress and apoptosis signaling pathway in human hepatic cell line HH4. Methods and Results: Hepatic HH4 cells were exposed to FAC to force iron uptake, and cellular responses were determined. Incubation with 5 mM FAC resulted in increased intracellular iron content in a time-dependent manner. High concentration of FAC impaired cell viability and increased level of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and addition of antioxidant reagent such as glutathione or N-acetylcysteine dramatically reduced FAC-induced intracellular ROS generation. FAC overload significantly increased the phosphorylation of inhibitor of κB-α, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and nuclear factor κ light chain enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) p65 and promoted the nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65. Knockdown of Fas and Bid expression by small interfering RNA in iron-treated HH4 cells resulted in restoration of cell viability. Conclusions: We reported that FAC treatment is capable of inducing both extrinsic death receptor and intrinsic mitochondrial signaling pathway-mediated HH4 cells apoptosis through ROS-activated p38 MAPK and NF-κB pathways.

scholarly journals Curcuma raktakanda Induces Apoptosis and Suppresses Migration in Cancer Cells: Role of Reactive Oxygen Species

Biomolecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mishra ◽  
Verma ◽  
Rai ◽  
Awasthee ◽  
Arya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species Generation ◽  
Glioma Cells ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Acetone Extract ◽  
Breast Cancer Cell Lines ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Oxygen Species

Although over 100 species of Curcuma are reported, only Curcuma longa is extensively studied. Curcuma raktakanda, a poorly studied species, is most commonly distributed in the Kerala state of India. For the first time, we examined the efficacy of different fractions (acetone, hexane, and ethyl acetate) of C. raktakanda against glioma, cervical, and breast cancer cell lines. As determined by mitochondrial reductase activity assay, the viability of cancer cells was decreased in a concentration-dependent manner by the three fractions. The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC-50) values after the treatment of C-6 glioma cells for 48 h was found to be 32.97 µg/mL (acetone extract), 40.63 µg/mL (hexane extract), and 51.65 µg/mL (ethyl acetate extract). Of the three fractions, the acetone fraction was more effective. The long-term colony formation of cancer cells was significantly suppressed by the acetone fraction. Analyses using DAPI (4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole) staining, AO/PI (acridine orange/propidium iodide) staining, DNA laddering, and sub-G1 population revealed that the acetone extract induced apoptosis in glioma cells. The extract induced reactive oxygen species generation and suppressed the expression of cell survival proteins. The migration of cancer cells was also suppressed by the acetone extract. The gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis indicated that tetracontane, dotriacontane, hexatriacontane, pentacosane, hexacosane, and eicosane are the major components in the acetone extract. Collectively, the extract from C. raktakanda exhibited anti-carcinogenic activities in cancer cells. We are exploring whether the phytoconstituents, individually, or collectively contribute to the anti-cancer activities of C. raktakanda.

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