scholarly journals Analysis on Variation and Potential Source Regions of Greenhouse Gases Concentrations at Akedala Station, China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhujun Zhao ◽  
Qing He ◽  
Quanwei Zhao ◽  
Hanlin Li ◽  
Zhongqi Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Average Growth ◽  
Backward Trajectories ◽  
Source Regions ◽  
Potential Source

Abstract The research on the variation of greenhouse gases concentrations in typical regions is one of the significant tasks to cope with climate change. Especially at present, the number of extreme weather events is gradually increasing and the trend of global warming is becoming increasingly obvious, the study on variation of greenhouse gases concentrations and their potential source regions can contribute to a scientific formulation of policies regarding greenhouse gas emission reduction as well as to the coordinated development of human and environment. Based on the data of greenhouse gases of Akedala Station from 2009 to 2019, this research studies characteristics of the time series and seasonal trends of greenhouse gases at this station and testes whether abrupt change exists by applying the linear trend analysis method, the contrastive and statistical analysis method and Mann-Kendall method. In addition, Pearson Correlation Coefficient is used to determine the correlation and homology among the four greenhouse gases and backward trajectories model is also used to explore the potential source regions of greenhouse gases at Akedala Station in different seasons. The greenhouse gases concentrations at Akedala Station show a trend of year-on-year growth, with CO2 concentrations ranging from 389.80×10− 6 to 408.79×10− 6 (molar fraction of substances, same below), CH4 concentrations ranging from1890.07×10− 9 to 1976.32×10− 9, N20 concentrations ranging from 321.26×10− 9 to 332.03×10− 9, and SF6 concentrations ranging from 7.04×10− 12 to 10.07×10− 12, the growth rate of which is similar to the decadal average growth rate in the northern hemisphere. There exist obvious seasonal variations, with CO2 concentrations showing high in winter and low in summer and CH4 showing a distinct “W”- shaped trend while N20 and SF6 showing little difference between the four seasons. A relatively strong correlation and homology exist among the four greenhouse gases except in summer, and the analysis based on backward trajectories model shows that the Akedala Station is influenced by the airflow from northwest or southwest throughout the year. Besides, the concentrations of greenhouse gas are closely related to source region of the emissions, biological and non-biological sources, monsoon, and atmospheric photochemical processes.

scholarly journals The state of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere using global observations through 2018

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oksana Tarasova ◽  
Alex Vermeulen ◽  
Jocelyn Turnbull ◽  
Yousuke Sawa ◽  
Ed Dlugokencky
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Radiative Forcing ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Global Analysis ◽  
Advisory Group ◽  
Average Growth Rate ◽  
Average Growth ◽  
The World

<p>We present results from the fifteenth annual Greenhouse Gas Bulletin (https://library.wmo.int/doc_num.php?explnum_id=10100) of the World Meteorological Organization (WMO). The results are based on research and observations performed by laboratories contributing to the WMO Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW) Programme (https://community.wmo.int/activity-areas/gaw).</p><p>The Bulletin presents results of global analyses of observational data collected according to GAW recommended practices and submitted to the World Data Center for Greenhouse Gases (WDCGG). Bulletins are prepared by the WMO/GAW Scientific Advisory Group for Greenhouse Gases in collaboration with WDCGG.</p><p>Observations used for the global analysis are collected at more than 100 marine and terrestrial sites worldwide for CO<sub>2</sub> and CH<sub>4</sub> and at a smaller number of sites for other greenhouse gases. The globally averaged surface mole fractions calculated from this in situ network reached new highs in 2018, with CO<sub>2</sub> at 407.8 ± 0.1 ppm, CH<sub>4</sub> at 1869 ± 2 ppb and N<sub>2</sub>O at 331.1 ± 0.1 ppb. These values constitute, respectively, 147%, 259% and 123% of pre-industrial (before 1750) levels. The increase in CO<sub>2</sub> from 2017 to 2018 is very close to that observed from 2016 to 2017 and practically equal to the average growth rate over the last decade. The increase of CH<sub>4</sub> from 2017 to 2018 was higher than both that observed from 2016 to 2017 and the average growth rate over the last decade. The increase of N<sub>2</sub>O from 2017 to 2018 was also higher than that observed from 2016 to 2017 and the average growth rate over the past 10 years. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Annual Greenhouse Gas Index (AGGI) shows that from 1990 to 2018, radiative forcing by long-lived greenhouse gases (GHGs) increased by 43%, with CO<sub>2</sub> accounting for about 81% of this increase.</p><p>The Bulletin highlights the value of the long-term measurement of the GHGs isotopic composition. In particular, it presents the use of the radiocarbon and <sup>13</sup>C measurements in atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> in discriminating between fossil fuel combustion and natural sources of CO<sub>2</sub>. The simultaneous decline in both <sup>13</sup>C and <sup>14</sup>C content alongside CO<sub>2</sub> increases can only be explained by the ongoing release of CO<sub>2</sub> from fossil fuel burning. The Bulletin also articulates how the measurements of the stable isotopes can be used to provide the insights into the renewed growth of methane that started in 2007. Though there are several hypotheses articulated in the peer-reviewed literature, the most plausible is that an increase has occurred in some or all sources of biogenic (wetlands, ruminants or waste) emissions, which contain relatively little <sup>13</sup>C. An increase in the proportion of global emissions from microbial sources may have driven both the increase in the methane burden and the shift in δ<sup>13</sup>C-CH<sub>4</sub>.</p>

scholarly journals Characteristics And Source Analysis of Greenhouse Gas Concentration Changes at Akedala Station in Central Asia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhujun Zhao ◽  
LU Zhongqi ◽  
HE Qing ◽  
ZHAO Quanwei ◽  
WANG Jianlin
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Source Analysis ◽  
Local Source ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Average Growth ◽  
Gas Concentration ◽  
Concentration Changes

Abstract Mole fractions of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) ,nitrous oxide (N2O) and sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) have been continuously measured since September 2009 at the Akdala station (47˚06′N, 87˚58′E, 563.3 masl) in China. The station is located in the Central Asia and northwest of China, and it is the only station in that region with background conditions for long-term greenhouse gas observations. Characteristics of the mole fractions, growth rates as well as influence of long-distance transport were studied considering data from September 2009 to December 2019. The greenhouse gases concentrations at Akedala Station show a trend of year-on-year growth, with CO2 concentrations ranging from 389.80×10-6 to 408.79×10-6 (molar fraction of substances, same below), CH4 concentrations ranging from1890.07×10-9 to 1976.32×10-9, N2O concentrations ranging from 321.26×10-9 to 332.03×10-9, and SF6 concentrations ranging from 7.04×10-12 to 10.07×10-12, the growth rate of which is similar to the decadal average growth rate in the northern hemisphere. There exist obvious seasonal variations, with CO2 concentrations showing high in winter and low in summer and CH4 showing a distinct “W”- shaped trend while N2O and SF6 showing little difference between the four seasons. A relatively strong correlation and homology exist among the four greenhouse gases except in summer, and the analysis based on backward trajectories model shows that the Akedala Station is influenced by the airflow from northwest or southwest throughout the year. The Akedala station is an important atmospheric background station in Central Asia, and its greenhouse gas concentration levels and variation characteristics are significantly different from those of the background stations in the monsoon region. It’s degree changes are closely related to local source emissions, monsoon transport, and atmospheric photochemical processes.

scholarly journals ANTHROPOGENIC COMPONENT OF GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS FROM THE TERRITORY OF THE KALININGRAD REGION

2020 ◽  
pp. 94-110
Author(s):  
N.V. Dvoeglazova ◽  
B.V. Chubarenko ◽  
Y.A. Kozlova
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Absorption ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Technology Improvement ◽  
Kaliningrad Region

The increase in greenhouse gases in the atmosphere is influenced to a greater extent by a degree of development of industry, a growth of electrification, deforestation, and the burning of fuel for the production of heating and electricity. The contribution of emissions of each of these factors and the ratio of greenhouse gases in them should be taken into account when developing the measures to prevent climate change. According to calculations of emissions from the territory of the Kaliningrad region the burning of fuel and energy resources are supposed to be playing the main role in the greenhouse gas emission from the territory of the Kaliningrad region. In statistical reference books this activity is described as the “activities for the production and distribution of electricity, gas and water.” The usage of this fuel in the energy sector is increasing: from 1742.4 thousand tons of standard fuel in 1991 up to 2193.9 in 2016. Such little increase in total emissions is due to the general technology improvement in the country. Carbon dioxide makes up the bulk of greenhouse gas emissions from the territory of the Kaliningrad region. The percentage of the gases in the total volume is as follows: CO2 - 96.7%, CH4 - 1%, N2 O - 2.3%. Its emissions for the period from 2013 to 2016 varied from 3,757.4 in 2014 to 4,091.7 in 2015 thousand tons of standard fuel, reaching its maximum value in 2015. The estimate presented in this paper is a lower estimate, since it does not take into account emissions from industrial processes, leaks, land use, waste, etc., as well as from some categories of emission sources due to the lack of data on the use of fuel in the Kaliningrad region. Among other things, the calculations of emissions of carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide from the use of fuel by vehicles in 2016, which have shown to be 1.86 times less than from burning of fossil fuels for the same year (2032.87 Gg CO2 eq. and 3914.79 Gg CO2 eq., respectively) and to account for 34.5% of the total emissions, have been made. Moreover, according to the methodology for calculating emissions the factor of carbon dioxide absorption by the region’s forests has been taken into account. The amount of carbon dioxide absorbed by forests has shown to be only 11.9% of the emissions of this gas during the combustion of boiler and furnace fuel.

scholarly journals Simultaneous shipborne measurements of CO<sub>2</sub>, CH<sub>4</sub> and CO and their application to improving greenhouse-gas flux estimates in Australia

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 7055-7072 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beata Bukosa ◽  
Nicholas M. Deutscher ◽  
Jenny A. Fisher ◽  
Dagmar Kubistin ◽  
Clare Paton-Walsh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Biomass Burning ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Climate Feedback ◽  
Eastern Coast ◽  
Sources And Sinks ◽  
Australian Continent ◽  
Carbon Gases

Abstract. Quantitative understanding of the sources and sinks of greenhouse gases is essential for predicting greenhouse-gas–climate feedback processes and their impacts on climate variability and change. Australia plays a significant role in driving variability in global carbon cycling, but the budgets of carbon gases in Australia remain highly uncertain. Here, shipborne Fourier transform infrared spectrometer measurements collected around Australia are used together with a global chemical transport model (GEOS-Chem) to analyse the variability of three direct and indirect carbon greenhouse gases: carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and carbon monoxide (CO). Using these measurements, we provide an updated distribution of these gases. From the model, we quantify their sources and sinks, and we exploit the benefits of multi-species analysis to explore co-variations to constrain relevant processes. We find that for all three gases, the eastern Australian coast is largely influenced by local anthropogenic sources, while the southern, western and northern coasts are characterised by a mixture of anthropogenic and natural sources. Comparing coincident and co-located enhancements in the three carbon gases highlighted several common sources from the Australian continent. We found evidence for 17 events with similar enhancement patterns indicative of co-emission and calculated enhancement ratios and modelled source contributions for each event. We found that anthropogenic co-enhancement events are common along the eastern coast, while co-enhancement events in the tropics primarily derive from biomass burning sources. While the GEOS-Chem model generally reproduced the timing of co-enhancement events, it was less able to reproduce the magnitude of enhancements. We used these differences to identify underestimated, overestimated and missing processes in the model. We found model overestimates of CH4 from coal burning and underestimates of all three gases from biomass burning. We identified missing sources from fossil fuel, biofuel, oil, gas, coal, livestock, biomass burning and the biosphere in the model, pointing to the need to further develop and evaluate greenhouse-gas emission inventories for the Australian continent.

scholarly journals Energy Valuation Methods for Biofuels in South Florida: Introduction to Life Cycle Assessment and Emergy Approaches

EDIS ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Van Treese, II ◽  
Edward A. Hanlon ◽  
N. Y. Amponsah ◽  
J. L. Izursa ◽  
J. C. Capece
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
South Florida ◽  
Gas Emission ◽  
Assessment Approach ◽  
Environmental Component ◽  
Soil And Water

This 5-page fact sheet gives an overview of two methods for evaluating energy transformations in biofuels production. The Life Cycle Assessment approach involves measurements affecting greenhouse gases, which can be linked to the energy considerations used in the Emergy Assessment. Although these two methods have their basis in energy or greenhouse gas emission evaluations, their approaches can lead to a reliable judgment regarding a biofuel process. We can use them to evaluate the economic environmental component of a biofuel process, and decide which biofuel processes favor sustainability. The intended audiences of this publication are growers, researchers, students, and any other readers interested in agriculture and ecology. Written by J. Van Treese II, E. A. Hanlon, N. Y. Amponsah, J. L. Izursa, and J. C. Capece, and published by the UF Department of Soil and Water Science, March 2013. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/ss579

scholarly journals Seasonality of greenhouse gas emission factors from biomass burning in the Brazilian Cerrado

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roland Vernooij ◽  
Marcos Vinicius Giongo Alves ◽  
Marco Assis Borges ◽  
Máximo Menezes Costa ◽  
Ana Carolina Sena Barradas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Biomass Burning ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
Emission Factors ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Vegetation Types ◽  
Gas Emission

Abstract. Landscape fires, often referred to as biomass burning (BB), emit substantial amounts of (greenhouse) gases and aerosols into the atmosphere each year. Frequently burning savannas, mostly in Africa, Australia, and South America are responsible for over 60 % of total BB carbon emissions. Compared to many other sources of emissions, fires have a strong seasonality. Previous research has identified the mitigation potential of prescribed fires in savanna ecosystems; by burning early in the dry season when the vegetation has not fully cured, fires are in general patchier and burn less intense. While it is widely accepted that burned area and the total carbon consumed is lower when fires are ignited early in the dry season, little is known about the seasonality of emission factors (EF) of greenhouse gases. This is important because potentially, higher EFs in the early dry season (EDS) could offset some of the carbon benefits of EDS burning. Also, a better understanding of EF seasonality may improve large-scale BB assessments, which to date rely on temporally-static EFs. We used a sampling system mounted on an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and cavity ring-down spectroscopy to estimate CO2, CO, CH4, and N2O EFs in the Estação Ecológica Serra Geral do Tocantins in the Brazilian states of Tocantins and Bahia. The protected area contains all major Cerrado vegetation types found in Brazil, and EDS burning was implemented on a large scale since 2014. We collected and analyzed over 800 smoke samples during the EDS and late dry season (LDS). Averaged over all measurements, the modified combustion efficiency (MCE) was slightly higher in the LDS (0.976 vs. 0.972) and the CH4 and CO EFs were 13 % and 15 % lower in the LDS compared to the EDS. This seasonal effect was larger in more wood-dominated vegetation types. N2O EFs showed a more complex seasonal dependency, with opposite seasonal trends for savannas that were dominated by grasses versus those with abundant shrubs. We found that the N2O EF for the open cerrado was less than half of those reported so far in the BB literature for savannas. This may indicate a substantial overestimation of the contribution of fires in the N2O budget. Overall, our data implies that in this region, seasonal variability in greenhouse gas emission factors may offset only a small fraction of the carbon mitigation gains in fire abatement programs.

scholarly journals THE ADAPTATION OF UKRAINIAN LEGISLATION ON CLIMATE CHANGES TO THE ACQUIS COMMUNAUTAIRE OF THE EUROPEAN UNION

2020 ◽  
pp. 12-18
Author(s):  
T. Kovalenko
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
Ozone Layer ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Association Agreement ◽  
National Legislation ◽  
The Law ◽  
Ozone Depleting Substances

The article examines the current state of the Association Agreement implementation in terms of national legislation on climate change and the protection of the ozone layer compliance with the requirements of the EU legal acts listed in Annex XXX to Chapter 6 "Environment" of that Agreement. Under the Association Agreement, such harmonization entails the need to bring national legislation into line with Directive № 2003/87/EC establishing a Community greenhouse gas emissions trading scheme by September 1, 2019 and amending Directive № 96/61/EC ~ 18 ~ ВІСНИК Київського національного університету імені Тараса Шевченка ISSN 1728-3817 as amended by Directive № 2004/101/EC; Regulation (EC) № 842/2006 on certain fluorinated greenhouse gases; Regulation (EU) № 2037/2000 on substances that deplete the ozone layer, as amended and the amendments made by the Regulation (EU) №№ 2038/2000, (EU) 2039/2000, (EU) 1804/2003, (EU) 2077/2004, (EU) 29/2006, (EU) 1366/2006, (EU) 1784/2006, (EC) 1791/2006 and (EC) 2007/899, and Decisions №№ 2003/160 /EC, 2004/232/EC and 2007/54 /EC. The analysis of the national legislation shows that Ukraine as a whole fulfilled its obligations to adapt national legislation to the EU legislation in terms of setting up a monitoring system, reporting and verification of greenhouse gas emissions. The Law of Ukraine "On the Basics of Monitoring, Reporting and Verification of Greenhouse Gas Emissions" was adopted on 12 December 2019. The law comes into force on 1 January 2021. At the same time, it is necessary to adopt by-laws to ensure the effectiveness of the provisions of the aforementioned Law, since as of 1 April 2020 no legislative act has been adopted in its development. Ukraine has also fully fulfilled its obligations to implement the provisions of Regulation (EC) № 2037/2000 on substances that deplete the ozone layer and the provisions of Regulation (EC) № 842/2006 of the European Parliament and of the Council on certain fluorinated greenhouse gases. The Law of Ukraine "On Regulation of Economic Activity with Ozone-Depleting Substances and Fluorinated Greenhouse Gases" was adopted on 12 December 1 2019. The law comes into force on 27 June 2020. The article proves that the legal acts, necessary to introduce internal greenhouse gas emission allowance trading scheme and other market and non-market greenhouse gas emission reduction instruments of these gases in accordance with Ukraine's obligations under the Association Agreement have not yet been adopted. Also there is the necessity to make amendments to the Regulation on the Interagency Commission on Implementation of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, approved by the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine Decree № 583 of April 14, 1999, to extend its tasks in accordance with the provisions of the Paris Agreement. Keywords: the Association Agreement; climate and ozone protection; fluorinated greenhouse gases; monitoring of greenhouse gas emissions; ozone-depleting substances; reporting of greenhouse gas emissions; verification of greenhouse gas emissions.

Greenhouse Gas Emission, Rainfall and Crop Production Over North-Western India

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-61
Author(s):  
Vinay Kumar ◽  
Sudip Jana ◽  
Amit Bhardwaj ◽  
R. Deepa ◽  
Saroj Kumar Sahu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
Coupled Model ◽  
Western India ◽  
Gas Emission ◽  
Northwestern India ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
One Year

Background: This study is based on datasets acquired from multi sources e.g. rain-gauges, satellite, reanalysis and coupled model for the region of Northwestern India. The influence of rainfall on crop production is obvious and direct. With the climate change and global warming, greenhouse gases are also showing an adverse impact on crop production. Greenhouse gases (e.g. CO2, NO2 and CH4) have shown an increasing trend over Northwestern Indian region. In recent years, rainfall has also shown an increasing trend over Northwestern India, while the production of rice and maize are reducing over the region. From eight selected sites, over Northwestern India, where rice and maize productions have reduced by 40%, with an increase in CO2, NO2 and CH4 gas emission by 5% from 1998 to 2011. Results: The correlation from one year to another between rainfall, gas emission and crop production was not very robust throughout the study period, but seemed to be stronger for some years than others. Conclusion: Such trends and crop yield are attributed to rainfall, greenhouse gas emissions and to the climate variability.

GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSION FROM COMBUSTION OF ASSOCIATED PETROLEUM GAS IN RUSSIA

2021 ◽  
pp. 54-61
Author(s):  
N. V. Popov ◽  
◽  
I. L. Govor ◽  
M. L. Gitarskii ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
Component Composition ◽  
Emission Factors ◽  
Gas Emission ◽  
Associated Petroleum Gas ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

The average weighted long-term component composition of associated petroleum gas burned at the fields in Russia is obtained, where the volume fractions of carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) make up 0.8 and 66.4%, respectively. Based on it, the national emission factors of greenhouse gases from the flaring of associated petroleum gas are developed: the values are equal to 2.76 103 t CO2 and 0.0155 103 t CH4 per 1 106 m3 of the gas burnt. The calculations based on the emission factors led to the 37% increase in total equivalent emission of CO2 and CH4 as compared to the calculations based on the IPCC emission factors. The use of the national emission factors increases the reliability of the estimates of greenhouse gas emissions and the evaluation of their impact on climate.

Greenhouse Gas Emission Factor of Scrapped Cable and Wire Recycling Factories

2013 ◽  
Vol 838-841 ◽  
pp. 2811-2817
Author(s):  
Pu Chang ◽  
Mei Fang Lu ◽  
Jim Jui Min Lin
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Emission Factor ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Mechanical Method ◽  
Gas Emission ◽  
Processing Plants ◽  
Annual Carbon ◽  
And Control

Carbon footprint of three scrapped cable and wire recycling processing plants was analyzed by examining the annual carbon emission and trend for 2009-2011. Among the six greenhouse gases (CO2, CH4, N2O, SF6, HFCs, and PFCs), the annual emission of CO2 was the highest (>95%), while remaining gases only accounted for less than 5% of the total greenhouse gas emission. When analyzing the collected data based on different frontier categories, Category II (greenhouse gas emission indirect caused by electricity consumption) had the highest emission proportion (>57%). It is because the machines used for the physic-mechanical processing procedure require a lot of electricity. In order to do emission inventory accurately and control the electricity consumption, laws or regulations should stimulate electricity consumption to be recorded and monitored separately for each operation permit. It is also recommended to record and monitor electricity consumption of administration area and the manufacturing/processing area separately. Results of this study revealed that the average emission factor for processing recycled cables and wires using a physic-mechanical method was 0.0474±0.0162 tonnes of CO2e per tonne of material processed. If the calculation was based on the amount of products generated, the EF of average greenhouse gases was 0.1613±0.0589 tonnes of CO2e per tonne of plastics, 0.0766±0.0278 tonnes of CO2e per tonne of copper, 1.7891±1.4572 tonnes of CO2e per tonne of aluminum, and 2.1030±1.6937 tonnes of CO2e per tonne of iron.

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