Daymamics of Multidimensional Food Security Measurement in Rural Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Adem
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Four Dimensions ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Rural Ethiopia ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Central Statistical ◽  
Food Insecure Households ◽  
Statistical Agency

Abstract Most studies measuring food security have used one or two of the dimensions of food security, with snapshot data at a particular point in time. Policies derived from such measurement might be misleading because of the dynamic nature of food security or insecurity in vulnerable populations. This paper presents a composite food security measure that captures the four dimensions of food security i.e., availability, accessibility, utilization, and stability over time. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is used to reduce the four dimensions into a single index. Data from three rounds of household-level panel data, collected by the Central Statistical Agency (CSA) of Ethiopia in collaboration with the World Bank are used to demonstrate this measurement. The aggregate food security indices result revealed that 44, 57, and 45 percent of households were food secured in 2011, 2013, and 2015 respectively. On the other hand, only 20 percent of households were food secured all the time while 67 percent of households termed as transitory food insecure since they remained food insecure at least in one of the survey periods. The rest 13 percent of households were also termed chronically food insecure since they fall short of food all the time of the study. The finding confirmed a high prevalence of multidimensionally food-insecure households in rural Ethiopia. Therefore, various food security intervention programs that enhance the four dimensions should be introduced.

scholarly journals Aligning Programs and Policies to Support Food Security and Public Health Goals in the United States

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 319-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hilary K. Seligman ◽  
Seth A. Berkowitz
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Food System ◽  
The United States ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Health Goals ◽  
Food Insecure Households ◽  
The Life Course ◽  
Access To Food

Food insecurity affects 1 in 8 US households and has clear implications for population health disparities. We present a person-centered, multilevel framework for understanding how individuals living in food-insecure households cope with inadequate access to food themselves and within their households, communities, and broader food system. Many of these coping strategies can have an adverse impact on health, particularly when the coping strategies are sustained over time; others may be salutary for health. There exist multiple opportunities for aligning programs and policies so that they simultaneously support food security and improved diet quality in the interest of supporting improved health outcomes. Improved access to these programs and policies may reduce the need to rely on individual- and household-level strategies that may have negative implications for health across the life course.

Poverty and Food Security: Trends Among Socio-religious Groups in India

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 384-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Panchanan Das ◽  
Anindita Sengupta
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Poverty Line ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Sample Survey ◽  
Religious Groups ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Poverty Risk ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Level Information ◽  
Food Insecure Households

This article analyses food insecurity, poverty risk and inequality in different castes and religious groups in India by utilizing National Sample Survey Organisation’s (NSSO) household-level information between 1999–2000 and 2011–2012. The article provides an assessment of the socio-economic characteristics of food-insecure households of the country, and it finds that the poverty risk estimated on the basis of relative poverty line increased both in rural and urban India between 1999–2000 and 2011–2012. The study finds that the likelihood of incidence of food security for the population increased, irrespective of social and religious groups. Food security was lower in Muslims than in Hindus. The relative degree of food security was significantly less among the tribal people compared to other social groups.

scholarly journals Improving food security? Setting indicators and observing change of rural household in Central Sulawesi

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dewi Nur Asih ◽  
Stephan Klasen
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Critical Issue ◽  
Rural Household ◽  
Household Food Security ◽  
Access To Credit ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Household Food ◽  
Central Sulawesi

Household food security is a critical issue for Indonesia, which is investigated in this study. Many of rural household in Indonesia depends on agricultural sectors and facing challenges of global warming that threatening food security and poverty alleviation in the country. We use panel data at the household level for a sample of households living in Central Sulawesi at the rainforest margin in Indonesia. For the purpose of this study, we apply principal component analysis to develop an indicator of food security and used the index in determining the household’s condition to be persistent food secure or insecure. The findings present the fact that over the period the household’s food security in the study area has changed to better food condition. The number of people who are food insecure has declined by 23.73 % over the year. However, the results suggest that public services on health, education and infrastructure need to be strengthened, investments in access to credit and off-farm employment policies, as well as insurance programs on social protection and disaster management, need to be developed.

scholarly journals Home food procurement impacts food security and diet quality during COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Meredith T. Niles ◽  
Kristen Brassard Wirkkala ◽  
Emily H. Belarmino ◽  
Farryl Bertmann
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Technical Assistance ◽  
Safety Net ◽  
The United States ◽  
Dietary Quality ◽  
Home Food ◽  
Food Procurement ◽  
Food Insecure Households

Abstract Background Home food procurement (HFP) (i.e. gardening, fishing, foraging, hunting, backyard livestock and canning) have historically been important ways that people obtain food. Recently, some HFP activities have grown (e.g. gardening), while other activities (e.g. hunting) have become less common in the United States. Anecdotally, COVID-19 has sparked an increase in HFP evidenced by increased hunting licenses and shortages in seeds and canning supplies. HFP may have positive benefits for food security and diet quality, though research beyond gardening is especially limited in high-income countries. Methods We examine HFP activities since the COVID-19 pandemic began, and their relationship to food security and dietary quality using multivariable logit models and matching analysis with a statewide representative survey (n = 600) of residents of Vermont, United States. Results We find 29% of respondent households classified as food insecure since COVID-19, and higher prevalence of food insecurity among those experiencing a negative job change since COVID-19, households earning less than $50,000 annually, Hispanic and multi-race respondents. Nearly 35% of respondents engaged in HFP activities since the COVID-19 pandemic began; the majority of those gardened, and more than half pursued HFP activities more intensely than before the pandemic or for the first time. Food insecure households were more likely to pursue HFP more intensely, including more gardening, fishing, foraging, and hunting. Respondents who were food insecure, Black, Indigenous, People of Color, those with a negative job disruption, and larger households all had greater odds of increased intensity of HFP during the COVID-19 pandemic. HFP was significantly associated with eating greater amounts of fruits and vegetables; however, this effect was only significant for food secure households. Conclusion Overall, these results suggest that HFP activities have increased since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, and may be an important safety net for food insecure households. However, HFP for food insecure households does not translate into the same higher fruit and vegetable intake as found among food secure HFP households, suggesting this population may be trying to maintain intake, or that they may have potential important resource or technical assistance needs. Long-term, HFP activities may have important food security and diet quality impacts, as well as conservation implications, which should be more thoroughly explored. Regardless, the increased interest and intensity of HFP demonstrates opportunities for educational and outreach efforts.

scholarly journals Large scale land investments and food security in agropastoral areas of Ethiopia

Food Security ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adugna Eneyew Bekele ◽  
Liesbeth Dries ◽  
Wim Heijman ◽  
Dusan Drabik
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Living Standard ◽  
Additional Food ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
Direct Benefits ◽  
Large Scale Land ◽  
Household Food Consumption ◽  
Positive Effect

AbstractIn Ethiopia, large scale land investments have been expanding into pastoral regions. However, little is known about the consequences of these investments on the food security of the pastoral community. Using Living Standard Measurement Survey data of the World Bank, we find that, on average, about 32% of the respondents from the (agro-)pastoral regions are food insecure. After controlling for confounders, proximity to large scale land investments is associated with additional food intake of up to 745 kcal per day per adult compared to the households located farther away from a large scale land investment. Proximity to large scale land investment has no significant effect on the coping strategies based food security. For households located in proximity to a large scale land investment, food intake significantly increases with access to roads and markets. Proximity to a large scale land investment has a positive effect on household food consumption not necessarily because of direct benefits from large scale land investments, but due to land and soil quality near the large scale land investments.

The Role of Women in Improving Access to Food at the Household Level in Mandeni Local Municipality, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-155
Author(s):  
Nondumiso Thabisile Mpanza ◽  
Mfaniseni Wiseman Mbatha
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Home Gardens ◽  
Household Food Security ◽  
Exploratory Research ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Role Of Women ◽  
Access To Food

This paper censoriously assesses the role of women in improving access to food at the household level. The role of women is essential in the production of food as caretakers of household food security. However, their role is not well recognised, more especially in policymaking and resource allocation. This study was conducted through a qualitative approach with an exploratory research design. The participants were sampled with convenience sampling and interviewed with semi-structured interviews. Content analysis was employed as a tool for data analysis. The study adopted feminisation of poverty as a primary theory of this paper. Certain aspects of the study reveal that women have been struggling to access food from the diversity of retail vents that are obtainable in town because of low income and limitations of transport service. This is a constraint to women who depend on the off-farm sources of income because their household’s livelihood depends on purchasing food from retail vents. Those who rely on home gardens were experiencing low productivity and the unsustainability of their gardens. This has been caused by water scarcity and climate change. Therefore, women must be provided with training that seeks to develop their skills on how to make effective use of home gardens so that food security can be ensured.

scholarly journals ESTIMATION OF THE ECONOMIC LOSSES POTENTIAL DUE TO UNDERWEIGHT TODDLERS IN INDONESIA IN 2013

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 111
Author(s):  
Brigitte Sarah Renyoet
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Data ◽  
Premature Death ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Nutrition Programs ◽  
Central Statistical ◽  
The Government ◽  
Statistical Agency

Millions of children and adolescents in Indonesia today still show a high number of premature death in children who are moderately malnourished and severely malnourished. The research objective was to calculate the estimated economic losses potential due to underweight among toddlers in Indonesia. This was a descriptive research by analyzing secondary data of nutritional status and socio-economic indicators in 2013 from the Indonesian Ministry of Health and Central Statistical Agency. The formula to calculate potential economic loss is based on Konig’s formula (1995) and the correction factor from research by Horton (1999). The results showed that the average economic loss in 32 provinces in Indonesia is approximately IDR 93 billion – IDR 417 billion, which seen from the GRDP percentage, the economic loss due to a decrease in productivity amounted to 2% and 9% or about 0.1–0.7% of the average GRDP of the provinces in Indonesia. Nationally, economic losses due to low productivity in underweight toddlers reach IDR 3,054 billion – IDR 13,746 billion (0.04–0.2%) of Indonesia’s total GDP. The results of this study are expected to show that the importance of this issue was handled and can assist the government in planning for health and nutrition programs targeted to human resources in Indonesia qualifi ed and productive.

scholarly journals KAPASITAS PEREMPUAN TANI UNTUK MEWUJUDKAN KETAHANAN PANGAN RUMAH TANGGA DALAM MENGHADAPI ERA GLOBALISASI DI KOTA PEKANBARU

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 62
Author(s):  
Penti Suryani ◽  
Ahmad Darmawi
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Community Empowerment ◽  
Women Farmers ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Household Food Security ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Household Food ◽  
The City

This study aims to determine 1) the condition of household food security, 2) the factors that affect the capacity of women farmers in food consumption in order to achieve food security at the household level, 3) the factors that affect spending foodstuffs on the level households and 4) the capacity of women farmers to achieve household food security in the era of globalization in the city of Pekanbaru. This study uses a cross-sectional study design, located in four districts in the city of Pekanbaru namely District Tampan, District Marpoyan Damai, District and Sub-district Rumbai and Rumbai Pesisir. Primary data was collected using a questionnaire which was distributed to 100 respondents of women farmers selected by simple random sampling. Factors that affect the capacity of women farmers in achieving food security household level are: income, education and nutrition knowledge of women farmers. Factors that affect spending foodstuffs at the household level women farmers in the city of Pekanbaru is the price of rice, household income, number of household members and the level of education. Capacity of women farmers in food processing is still at the low level. Threats of globalization on food security in Pekanbaru city can be resolved by the farmer community empowerment program. Empowerment of women farmers not only to protect the rice trade, but also to uplift the lives of women farmers through programs that improve local agricultural businesses

scholarly journals Measuring institutional respect and State capacities in South America. A relational analysis on four dimensions of the Worldwide Governance Indicators (2017-2018)

AWARI ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolás Vladimir Chuchco
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Private Companies ◽  
International Investments ◽  
Four Dimensions ◽  
Developed Economies ◽  
Governance Indicators ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
Relationship Network ◽  
The Relationship

The measurement of “good governance” has become an object of (e) valuation by international actors. In this regard, it has occupied the attention of investors, donors, private companies, development agencies, academics, journalists, governments, and credit organizations in the last 30 years, accompanied by a greater flow of international investments to under developed economies. Among these indicators, the Worldwide Governance Indicators (WGI) produced by the World Bank stand out. Although these numbers are not used directly by the Bank to condition resources, they are used by organizations such as the Millennium Challenge Corporation (MCC) to decide in which countries allocate financial aid based on the results of some of the dimensions of these indicators. For this reason, this work seeks to investigate the relationships networks that exist between the indicators and the organizations that participate in providing data, asking about what type of organizations produce inputs of certain dimensions, what relationships they have with each other and with others, in terms of participation, and where the central houses that produce these inputs are located geographically. For this, we have analyzed and characterized the relationship network of production about four dimensions of the WGI indicators, according to the organizations that provided data for South America during the period 2017-2018. The main results obtained indicate that a small number of international organizations in the Northern hemisphere have greater participation in the supply of inputs, highlighting private companies or organizations linked to them.

scholarly journals Diversity, trait preferences, management and utilization of yams landraces (Dioscorea species): an orphan crop in DR Congo

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Idris I Adejumobi ◽  
Paterne AGRE ◽  
Didy O. Anautshu ◽  
Joseph G. Adheka ◽  
Mokonzi G. Banbanota ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Diversity Management ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Dr Congo ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Germplasm Diversity ◽  
Dioscorea Species ◽  
Soil Status ◽  
Abundance And Distribution ◽  
Orphan Crop

Abstract BackgroundYam ( Dioscorea spp .) is cultivated in many villages of DR Congo as a means to sustain food security and alleviate poverty. However, the extent of the existing diversity has not been studied in details thus, considered as an orphan.MethodologyA survey covering 540 farmers in 54 villages was conducted in six major yam growing territories covering three provinces in DR Congo to investigate the diversity, management and utilization of yam landraces using pre-elaborate questionnaires.ResultsSubject to synonymy, a total of 67 landraces clones from five different species were recorded. Farmers’ challenges limiting yam production were poor tuber qualities (69%), harvest pest attack (7%), difficulty in harvesting (6%), poor soil status (6%). The overall diversity was moderate among the recorded yam germplasm maintained at the household level (1.32) and variability exist in diversity amongst the territories and provinces. Farmers’ in territories of Tshopo and Mongala provinces maintained higher level of germplasm diversity (2.79 and 2.77) compared to the farmers in territories of Bas-Uélé (1.67). Some yam landraces had limited abundance and distribution due to loss of production interest in many villages attributable to poisons contained hence, resulting in possible extinction. Farmers’ most preferred seed source for cultivation were backyard (43%) and exchange with neighboring farmers (31%) with the objective of meeting food security and generating income. In villages where yam production is expanding, farmers are relying on landraces with good tuber qualities and high yield even though they are late maturing.ConclusionThis study revealed the knowledge of yam genetic diversity, constraints to production and farmers’ preferences criteria as a guide for collection and conservation of yam genetic resources for yam improvement intervention.

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